NHL. Yüksek doz Kemoterapi Transplantasyon

Transkript

1 Stem Hücre Transplantasyon Ünitesi EBMT CIC-919 CIBMTR NHL Yüksek doz Kemoterapi Transplantasyon Prof. Dr. Yener Koç JACIE - EBMT / ISCT

2 Number of Transplants Indications for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants in the United States, ,500 5,000 4,500 Allogeneic (Total N=7,012) Autologous (Total N=9,778) 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Lenfoma 0 Multiple Myeloma NHL AML HD ALL MDS/MPD Aplastic Anemia CML Other Leuk Non- Malig Disease Other Cancer

3 When do we need Auto? chemosensitive relapse high intermediate / high risk IPI High grade NHL (Burkitt/LBL) in 1st CR? Ki-67 (>90%)

4 Position Statement of the ASBMT The Role of Cytotoxic Therapy with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Diffuse Large Cell B-Cell Non-Hodgkin s Lymphoma SCT in the treatment of DLCL is more effective than conventional chemotherapy and is the recommended treatment for the following: 1st chemotherapy-sensitive relapse 1st CR in high/intermediate-high risk IPI patients as HDSC in intermediate-high/high risk IPI untreated patients

5 Additional indications for Auto-Transplantation Burkitt NHL in 1st CR, > Stage 1 Lymphoblastic lymphoma MCL in 1 st CR

6 Probability, % Probability of Survival after Autotransplants for Follicular Lymphoma, by Disease Status and Transplant Year Chemo-sensitive, (N=1,013) Chemo-sensitive, (N=1,067) Chemo-resistant, (N=90) Chemo-resistant, (N=122) P < Years Slide 46 SUM06_38.ppt

7 Probability, % Probability of Survival after Autotransplants for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, by Disease Status and Transplant Year Chemo-sensitive, (N=1,711) 60 Chemo-sensitive, (N=3,122) 40 Chemo-resistant, (N=258) 20 Chemo-resistant, (N=283) 0 P < Years Slide 48 SUM06_40.ppt

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9 MCL

10 MCL HyperCVAD

11 MCL Auto SCT w/o purging

12 AutoSCT with purging MCL

13 MCL NMA Allo SCT

14 15 Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Decision Making for Transplant Yener Koc and Taner Demirer Medical Park Hospital, Antalya and Ankara University Medical School, Ankara Turkey 1. Introduction 1.1 Definition and clinical characteristics Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a relatively rare type of mature B-cell lymphoma that comprises 5% of Non-Hodgkin s Lymphomas(NHL) 1-3. MCL was added to the Revised European American Lymphoma classification in Having both indolent and incurable features associated with aggressive clinical course, MCL is most frequently seen in 6 th decade of life, with male dominance 3 to 4:1 2. Malignant origin of MCL cells appear to derive from an antigen-naive pregerminal center cell 4, B-cell neoplasms 1. Precursor B-cell 2. Mature B-cell Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma Splenic marginal zone lymphoma Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma Follicular lymphoma Mantle cell lymphoma Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma Primary effusion lymphoma Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia 3. B-cell proliferations of uncertain malignant potential 2. T-Cell and NK-Cell neoplasms Table 1. World Health Organization Classification of Lymphomas 1. Koc Y, 2012

15 When do we need Allo? Relapsed Refractory NHL DHAP BEAM - AUTO

16 Why do we need Allo? Clean graft... GVL!... Elimination of HSC damage (secondary leukemia)

17 Auto versus Allo? Randomized trial Disease progression, favors allogeneic : 69% vs 20% p = Chemoresistant disease auto vs allo : 87% vs 19 % p = Ratanatharathorn V, Blood 1994;84:1050

18 Benefit of Allo-HSCT : GVL effect Existence of a GvL effect : ability of DLI and withdrawal of immunosuppresion to lead to durable remission van Besien KW, Giralt SA BMT 1997;19:977 Allo-HSCT for MCL Patients achieved remission in conjunction with GvHD Patients converted from PCR-positive to PCR-negative over time following Allo-HSCT, supporting an active role of GvL Khouri IF, Ann Oncol 1999;10:1293

19 Allo-HSCT reports in HL < % TRM Myeloablative Gajewski JL,JCO 1996;14:572 Milpied N, JCO 1996;14:1291 Anderson JE, JCO 1993;11:2342

20 Transplantation for aggressive NHL Given the high TRM, allografting has been restricted to patients with : - Refractory or multiply-relapsed disease Dhedin N, Br J Haematol 1999;107:154 Mitterbauer M, Leukemia 2001;15:635 Soiffer RJ, BMT 1998; 21:1177 van Besien K, BBMT 1997;3:150

21 MDACC experience < 2000 High response rate (79%) Extremely high mortality rate (77%) Median survival : 118 days Causes of death - Recurrent/Progressive disease (23%), - Fatal infections (21%) - Grade IV acute GvHD (11%) - Extensive chronic GvHD(9%) 1 yr DFS : 23% Myeloablative Allo in Aggressive NHL 20% remain alive without disease (median F/U 2.6 yr) van Besien K, BBMT 1997;3:150

22 Allografting in LG-NHL < 2000 IBMTR, n = 113 DFS at 3 years : 49% Recurrence rate : 16% Non-relapse mortality : 40% Factors associated with a better survival : - Age < 40 yr, better performance status - Chemosensitive disease - Use of TBI Van Besien K, Blood 1998;92:1832

23 Allo-transplant Risks in Lymphoma heavily pre-treated and multidrug-resistant prolonged 1st line & salvage

24 Allo-transplant Risks in Lymphoma 2 nd transplant (after autotransplant)

25 Allo-transplant Risks in Lymphoma relatively lower sensitivity to GVT HL / NHL - lymphoblastic & intermediate grade

26 Allo-transplant Risks in Lymphoma impaired T-cell immunity pre & post-transplant infections aspergillus, PTLD, toxo

27 Causes of Death after Transplants Unrelated Donor New Malignancy (1%) HLA-identical Sibling New Malignancy (1%) Primary Disease (33%) GVHD (15%) Primary Disease (47%) GVHD (14%) Infection (12%) Other (29%) Organ Failure (6%) Infection (16%) Other (21%) Organ Failure (4%)

28 Risklerin azaltılması Konsey Toplantıları Tedavi Öncesi Hazırlık Toplantıları Koordinasyon Kalite-Kontrol Akreditasyon çalışmaları

29 Transplanta Hazırlık Alıcı ile ilgili Faktörler / Transplant Konseyi Transplant öncesi yeniden evrelendirme Eksik biyopsiler Non-hematolojik toksisite yaratan ajanların kümülatif dozlarının değerlendirilmesi CDDP, Bleo, Antrasiklin, RT Var olan veya geçirilmiş kronik infeksiyonların belirlenmesi Aspergillus, Tbc, HIV Ko-morbid problemler ve allerjilerin tespiti b-laktam, TMP-SMZ Uygun hazırlayıcı rejimin seçilmesi EKO, SFT, DLCO, CLCr

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31 Non-Myeloablatif Rejim Preparative regimen D D D D HSCT D D DLI L R L R R R D D L R D D D D Recipient Mixed Chimera Full Chimera D

32 Non-myeloablatif Hazırlayıcı Rejim PBSC 8-12x10 6 CD34+ cells/kg Fludarabine 25 mg/m => +1 Donör G-CSF TBI 2-4 Gy CSA 2,5 mg/kg IV MMF 15 mg/kg PO bid CsA orale geçilir 5 mg/kg bid Cevap değerlendirmesi TRM 0 % n = gün EBMT CIC-919, CIBMTR Kimerizm 50% donor DCI Tüm hastalar 1 x 10 7 CD3+ hücre/kg DCI GVHD olmayan tüm hastalara x 10 7 CD3+ hücre/kg Kimerizm >90% donor

33 RIC Hazırlayıcı Rejim Fludarabine BU < 8 mg/kg IV mg/m 2-3 => +1 Donör G-CSF PBSC 6-8x10 6 CD34+ cells/kg CSA 2,5 mg/kg IV MMF 15 mg/kg PO bid CsA orale geçilir 5 mg/kg bid Cevap değerlendirmesi TRM 4 % n = gün, Full matched sibling EBMT CIC-919, CIBMTR Kimerizm 70-90% donör DCI Bazı hastalar 1 x 10 7 CD3+ hücre/kg DCI GVHD olmayan bazı hastalara x 10 7 CD3+ hücre/kg

34 Myeloablatif Hazırlayıcı Rejim Fludarabine BU > 8 mg/kg IV 25 mg/m => +1 Donör G-CSF PBSC 6-8x10 6 CD34+ cells/kg CSA 2,5 mg/kg IV MMF 15 mg/kg PO bid CsA orale geçilir 5 mg/kg bid Cevap değerlendirmesi TRM 9 % n = gün EBMT CIC-919, CIBMTR Kimerizm >90% donör DCI Nadiren Rejeksiyon olursa 1 x 10 7 CD3+ hücre/kg

35 Hangi Yaşa Kadar? Tarama testleri ve klinik değerlendirmeyi geçmek şartı ile; Non-myeloablatif > 70 yaş RIC < 70 yaş Myeloablatif < 60 yaş Akraba dışı myeloablatif < 55 yaş

36 Probability of Survival, % Follicular Lymphoma HLA-identical Sibling Years Sensitive (N=698) Resistant (N=144)

37 Probability of Survival, % Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Years Sensitive (N=383) Resistant (N=124)

38 Probability of Survival, % Mantle Cell Lymphoma P < Years Autologous (N=2,574) Sibling donor (N=498) Unrelated donor (N=325)

39 Tam uyumlu verici yok ise? Haploidentical Transplantation

40 Haploidentical Transplantation

41 Haploidentical Transplantation

42 Haploidentical Transplantation

43 Haploidentical Transplantation

44 Haploidentical Transplantation

45 Haploidentical Transplantation

46 Hopkins Relapse Data TRM % 20

47 Haploidentik Myeloablatif Hazırlayıcı Rejim Fludarabine BU 9,6 mg/kg IV mg/m => +1 Donör G-CSF PBSC 12x10 6 CD34+ cells/kg 0 CTX 50 mg/kg CSA 2,5 mg/kg IV Cevap değerlendirmesi MMF 15 mg/kg PO bid +360 CTX 14.5 mg/kg Kimerizm >90% donör DCI Rejeksiyon < %10 TRM 19 % n = gün EBMT CIC-919, CIBMTR Koc Y,

48 Transplant activity for Lymphoma Total # of transplants : 615 (195,105,315) Lymphoma : 232 transplants ( 37 % ) (56,42,97) Auto n = 186 ( 80 % ) Allo n = 46 ( 20 % ) identical sibling 25 mismatched 9 haploidentic 7 MUD 4 Cord Blood 1

49 Transplant activity for NHL Total # of transplants for lymphoma : 232 NHL : 148 ( 64 % ) Auto n = 123 ( 83 % ) Allo n = 25 ( 17 % ) identical sibling 16 mismatched 4 haploidentic 4 MUD 1

50 Transplant activity for NHL Total # of transplants for lymphoma : 97 NHL : 60 ( 62 % ) Auto n = 44 ( 73 % ) Allo n = 16 ( 27 % ) identical 8 mismatched 7 (1 mm: 4, haplo: 3) MUD 1

51 Post-Transplant Survival NHL Total # of transplants for lymphoma : 97 OS at 4 yr NHL n = 60 (auto +allo) 50 % Auto n = % standard risk n=25 77 % high risk n= % Allo n = %

52 TRM for Allo SCT identical sibling % 4 mismatched sibling / MUD % 13 haploidentic % 19

53 Relaps / Refrakter HL Otolog Refrakter Full match Allo 4. ayda relaps Haploidentik CR

54 Relaps / Refrakter HL Salvage Refrakter

55 Relaps / Refrakter HL Salvage Refrakter Otolog PR XRT CR Allo

56 Relaps / Refrakter HL Salvage Refrakter Otolog PR XRT CR Allo

57 RIC - Allojenik Transplant Lenfoma Antalya Medical Park Medical Park Data n = Transplant : n =17 3. Transplant : n = 2 Haploidentik : n = 4 % 37 Koc Y, 2012

58 Allojenik Transplant Lenfoma Antalya Medical Park TRM % gün n=1/24 HL 1 rejeksiyon NHL % 57 % 31 n = 12 n = 12 p = 0.03 Koc Y, 2012

59 Allojenik Transplant Lenfoma Antalya Medical Park HLA identical % 71 HLA mismatched % 37 n = 12 n = 12 Koc Y, 2012 p = 0.01

60 Lenfoma Allo-Transplant Ne zaman yapılmalı? Otolog sonrası relapslarda (HL, MCL, LG-NHL) Otolog ilik nakli endikasyonu var ve yapılamıyor ise yaşta küratif amaç ile (MCL, LG-NHL) Kemosensitif relapslarda, CR elde edilebilir ise (HG-NHL) Relaps MCL, Relaps Burkitt ve LBL

61 Lenfoma Allo-Transplant Prensipleri Pre-transplant tam remisyon sağlanmalı Gerekirse salvage olarak Otolog transplant yapılmalı Otolog sonrası rezidüel hastalık RT ile muamele edilmeli PET-CT negatifliği sağlanmalı Seattle verilerinde PR ile transplanta girenlerde uzun süreli yaşam gözlenmedi

62 Lenfoma Allo-Transplant Prensipleri Transplant öncesi tedavilerde kalıcı toksisiteli rejimlerden kaçınılmalı ; CHOP uzatılmamalı, 2 kür sonra PET Salvage rejimlerde cisplatin ve antrasiklinden kaçınılmalı Pelvik - kardiyak RT den kaçınılmalı

63 Lenfoma Allo-Transplant Prensipleri TRM yi azaltmak için Rejeksiyon riskini azaltmak için DCI ihtiyacını azaltmak için Anti-tümör etki için Myeloablatif / yoğunluğu azaltılmış hazırlayıcı rejim tercih edilmeli (Flu + IV-BU mg/kg )

64 Lenfoma Allo-Transplant Prensipleri GVT etkisini artırmak için Erken GVT başlaması için Relaps riskini azaltmak için Uzun süreli ve kalıcı Anti-tümör etki için Tam uyumlu olmayan veya haploidentik donör seçilmeli PET ile rekurens takibi Kemoterapi DLI IFN

65 Lenfoma Allo-Transplant Prensipleri Standart bir yaklaşım olmadığı için Bireysel değerlendirme yapılarak konsey kararında komorbidite ve riskler tartışılarak hastaya teklif edilmeli

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