CONTENTS. Alicia Gauch: USA Motherhood: Challenging Feminism as a Feminist Challenge 3

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1 CONTENTS Ahmad Yahya: Nigeria Social and Institutional Problems Affecting Muslim Women Inheritance in Hausaland 1 Aleksandra Petrovic: Serbia Women s history and women s literature in Serbia in the context of Balkan multi-confessional and multi-cultural communities 2 Alicia Gauch: USA Motherhood: Challenging Feminism as a Feminist Challenge 3 Annemarie Westendorp: Netherlands Addressing gender equity issues in development work: Higher education and competence based learning for rural development professionals 4 Barbara Bagilhole: UK Dilemmas for Feminist Methodology: Intersectionality to the Rescue? 5 Burçin Çakır: USA Gender, Empire and Women s Travel Writing 6 Burcu Ertem: Turkey Kadının Cinsel Dokunulmazlığının 5237 Sayılı TCK Kapsamında Korunması 7 Burkay Pasin: Turkey Re-visiting the Turkish Hamam as a Gendered Heterotopia Through the Narratives of Female Western Travellers Cate Morriss: Australia Pacific Women, Pacific Plan: Is the Pacific Islands Forum Stepping up the Pace with a Gendered Approach to Regional Development? 8 9 Ceren Göynüklü Moral: North Cyprus Human Beings for Sale : Trafficking in Women in North Cyprus 10 Ceren Sözeri & Hülya Uğur Tanrıöver: Turkey İnternet Medyasında Kadınların Temsil Biçimleri ve Kadın Çalışan Oranının Temsil Biçimleri ile İlişkisi 11 I

2 CONTENTS Christina Marie Stoltz: Kyrgyzstan Fate for Sale : Mark(et)ing Domestic Violence in Central Asia 12 Cristina Bonnet: USA Becoming Human, Becoming Women: Strategies and New Subjectivities within the Tibetan Women s Association Cynthia Forson: UK Shifting Circles of Support - Organising and Reorganising Gendered Labour in Self-employment: an Intersectional Analysis Daniela Francesca Virdis: Italy Representing Female Clumsiness: The Figure of Susan in ABC s Desperate Housewives 15 Debora Zuin: Scotland Still Sitting on the Bosses Lap? Reflections on Definitions and the Present State of the Gendered Occupation of Secretarial Work 16 Deborah Kala Perkins: USA A New Universal Culture 17 Dilruba Çatalbaş Ürper: Turkey Media s Obsession with Body: Ageism and Gender Discrimination in Turkish Online Newspapers 18 Doğuş Derya: Cyprus Effects of Turkish Nationalism on the Representations of Motherhood and the Construction of Female Subjectivity in the Turkish Cypriot Society 19 Döndü Üçeçam & Hulusi Karagel: Turkey Türkiye de Kadın İşgücü (2000) 20 Einat Lachover: Israel Media Representation of Women during War: The Case of Israel's Six-Day War 21 Elisabetta Zurru: Italy Fairy tales at the crossroads: Princesses awakening in Shrek the Third 22 Elona Rusi: Albania The Role of States and Non-governmental Organisations in Combating Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation: A Critical Appraisal 23 II

3 CONTENTS Emel Badur: Turkey Kadının Aile İçi Şiddete Karşı Korunması (Ailenin Korunmasına Dair Kanun ve İlgili Yönetmelik Kapsamında Bir İnceleme) Evren Barın Egrik: Turkey Yeşilçam Sinemasında İdeal Olmayan Kadından İdeal Kadın İmajına Bir Mitosun Yolculuğu: Küçük Hanımefendi Farah Asna Ashari: Iran The Flow of Iranian Women s Life: A historical-demographic study 26 Farideh Beykzadeh: Iran Poverty and Social Exclusion 27 Fatma Güven Lisaniler and Sevin Uğural: North Cyprus Gender Wage gap in Public and Private Sector: A Case of North Cyprus 28 Feryal Çubukçu: Turkey Cinderalla at the University 29 Firozeh Navabakbar : Iran The Effects of Life Style and Attitude on Producing Handicrafts Among Knitters Women Tribes of Marandafzar Region Half Settled 30 Fran Hassencahl: USA Separation and Individuation of Mothers and Daughters in Hollywood Films 31 Gamze Turan: Turkey Evli Kadının Soyadı (Alman ve İsviçre Medeni Kanunları ile Karşılaştırmalı bir Çalışma) 32 Griet Vandermassen: Belgium Evolutionary Gender Studies A New Paradigm 33 Gülcan Garip: UK Perceived Sexual Scripts by University Students for Stable and Casual Heterosexual Encounters 34 Halimah Awang, Rohana Jani: Malaysia Women and Decision Making in the Home: Findings from a Nationwide Study in Malaysia 35 Hamed Mousavinasab: North Cyprus One Million Signatures just for Equality A Campaign from Iran 36 III

4 CONTENTS Hatice Kurtuluş: Turkey Toplumsal Cinsiyete Bağlı Olarak Göç ve Göçmenlik: Türkiye den Kuzey Kıbrıs a Göçler 37 Herlina Dyah Kuswanti: Indonesia Work-Family Conflict, Social Support, and Organizational Support: An Investigation in Jogjakarta, Indonesia 38 Hülya Uğur Tanrıöver Ece Vitrinel & Ceren Sözeri: Turkey Gözlemlerden eylemlere: Türkiye de cinsiyetçi olmayan bir medyaya Doğru 39 Indriaty Ismail, Anisah Zainal Abidin & Wan Fariza Alyati Wan Zakaria: Malaysia Sisters in Islam: The Study on Their Thought and Methodological Interpretation of The Qur'an 40 İrem Bailie: North Cyprus The Curse of Discursive Worlds: 'Reel-istic' Antagonism between Gender and Professional Identities of Women Journalists 41 Jacqueline Fewkes: USA A Women s Space at the Indian Ocean Crossroads: Women s Mosques in the Maldives 42 Jessica J. Savage: USA Eating Machines 43 John White : USA To be Black and Woman: A Brief look at Existentialism, Language and Gender 44 Julianna Donofrio: USA Flora: Ethnographic Performance of Non-Violent Radical Loving 45 Karen Gabriel: India Globalization and the Changing Sexual Economies of Mainstream Bombay Cinema 46 Karolina Sznycer: Poland Manipulation in the Construction of Gendered Identities and Discourses in Desperate Housewives 47 Lori Brown: USA & Özlem Erdoğdu Erkarslan: Turkey A Study of Women s Shelters: Places of Transcendental Homelessness and Identity 48 Lynette Hlongwane: South Africa Race, Gender and Women s Agency: The Role of American Women Missionaries in the Founding and Operation of Inanda Seminary African Girls School During the 19 th Century 49 IV

5 CONTENTS M. Moncef Khaddar: North Cyprus State Feminism in the Middle East and North Africa: The case study of the role of the First Ladies in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia 50 Maria João Cunha: Portugal Female body representations in Portuguese popular media 51 Mashoed Bailie & Bekir Azgın: North Cyprus Disturbing the Peace: Gender, Journalism and Democratic Communication in Cyprus 52 Melek Atabey: North Cyprus Melekler ve Caniler: Türkiye de Haberlerde bir Anlatı Olarak Annelik 53 Mohammad Maghaminiya: Iran Iran Aile Hukukunda Kadının Hak ve Yükümlülükleri 54 Mohammadreza Iravani & Jafar Ebrahimi : Iran The Role of Women in Development of Iran 55 Nadja Furlan: Slovenia Gender Religious Policy in a Globalised World: Perspectives from the Field of Christian Feminist Theology 56 Nafia Akdeniz: North Cyprus Where Do Babies Come From? Where Do They Go To? Maternal Body in the Reproductive 57 Nurten Kara: North Cyprus Press Coverage of Rape News: Is it about Crime or Victim? 58 Osman Ürper: Turkey Portraits of Anatolian Women / Anadolu dan Kadın Portreleri 59 Patricia Delaney and Carey Kaplan: USA Gender on the Border: Orthodoxy, Heterodoxy and the Life History of Gender Studies at Roman Catholic College in the United States 60 Patrizia Violi: Italy Gender identity and the role of women in peace processes and conflict resolution 61 Pembe Behçetoğulları & Hanife Aliefendioğlu: North Cyprus Missing Histories of Cyprus: War, Displacement and Women s Narratives 62 V

6 CONTENTS Ratna Noviani: Indonesia Vengeance of the Killed Women: Representing Women s Resistance in Indonesian Horror Movies 63 Raziye Nevzat Yaver: North Cyprus Signs and Semiotics of Gender in Cyprus: The Representation of the Female Body in Holiday Brochures 64 Riitta Vanhatalo & Pekka Isotalus: Finland Networking Women in the Rural Areas of Finland 65 Rumana Hashem: Bangladesh Gendered Dynamics of conflcit: Analysing the Violence in the Ethno-Nationalist Conflict in the Chittagong Hill Tracts 66 Sagit Arbel-Alon & Eudice Yodelevich: Israel The firt Israli clinic for WSW 67 Semra Purkis: Turkey Türkiye den Kuzey Kıbrıs a Son Göçlerde Kadın İşgücünün Göçmenlik Halleri 68 Sevinç Eryılmaz, Gökçeçiçek Ayata & Burcu Yesiladali: Turkey Bir Yoksulluk ve Sosyal Dışlanma Örneği: Roman Kadınlar 69 Steve Buckledee: Italy The Female in the F of the Daily Mail 70 Suzanne Dyson: Australia Fair Game: Tackling Violence Against Women in Australian Football 71 Sylvie Lausberg: Belgium Project for Educating to Citizenship by Respecting Gender- and Cultural Identity 72 Şengül Hablemitoğlu & Filiz Yıldırım: Turkey Understanding Gender to Prevent Abuse and Trauma Depending on Violence: The Ecological Approach 73 Şule Ergöl, Gülten Koç, Lale Taşkın& Kafiye Eroğlu: Turkey Problems Faced by Women Who Work as Academicians, in their Work and Home Lives From the Perspective of Gender 74 VI

7 CONTENTS Tahereh Sadaat Hashemi: Iran Factors & Motives in Human Trafficking (Emphasis on Central Asia) 75 Tülen Saner & Şerife Zihni Eyüpoğlu: North Cyprus Job Satisfaction: Does Gender Make a Difference 76 Türkan Uraz & Ceren Kürüm: North Cyprus The Gendered Comeback Story of the Live-in Kitchen 77 Violetta Khoreva: Finland Power and Gender Equality: A New Look at the Gender Pay Gap 78 Yu Bo: China Research on Determinants of Androgyny in Female Undergraduates in China 79 Zeynep Alat & Serpil Alkış Turkey Turning Little Red Riding Hood into a Girl Power Story 80 Zeynep Alat &Nehir Çabı: Turkey Working in the Ivory Basement: Early Childhood Teacher Educators Rowing against Feminist Current 81 VII

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9 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies 1 Social and Institutional Problems Affecting Muslim Women Inheritance in Hausaland The issue of gender equity is today one of the most indisputably hot topics of discussion at many local and international fora. Among the aspects that attract attention is distribution of inheritance and the extent to which it is fair or otherwise to females. The Islamic system of inheritance, particularly the allotment to females half the share of males, led some non-muslim scholars to allege that Islam is totally unfair to and segregates against the female gender at large. Despite the fact that women are accorded rights to inherit at various capacities and enjoy many advantages which males do not, this system of succession continues to be labeled as female unfriendly. In its eight hundred years of Islamic history Hausaland has been operating the Islamic system of succession. Unfortunately, social and institutional problems sometimes tamper with the distribution and are assumed by the critics to be inherent in the Islamic system of inheritance. This paper brings into the open the status of females in the Islamic system of succession and the problems which hinder muslim women in Hausaland from enjoying the inheritance rights which Islam gives them. This will help in determining weather these socio-institutional problems are integral parts of the Islamic system of inheritance or are external to it. Ahmad Yahya ahmadfaggekano@yahoo.co.uk Federal College of Education Nigeria

10 2 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies Women s History and Women s Literature in Serbia in the Context of Balkan Multi-confessional and Multi-cultural Communities The paper will present findings of the research into the presence of women s history and women s literature in Serbian textbooks and curricula. The presence of women s history and women s literature in schools is researched in relation to patriarchal system of values and orthodox moral views. However, social and historical context can be understood wider as a development of multi-confessional and multi-cultural society in the territory of former Yugoslavia and the region. Past research indicates the prevalence of stereotypical media image of a Balkan woman as uneducated and marginalized in public life. The question is whether the same characteristics of Balkan woman are depicted in women s literature selected for pupils of elementary and secondary schools in Serbia and other Balkan states. Aleksandra Petrovic apetrovic@rcub.bg.ac.yu Institute for Educational Research Serbia

11 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies 3 Motherhood: Challenging Feminism as a Feminist Challenge Adrienne Rich asserts that motherhood as we understand it is a patriarchal institution. She challenges us to reject this institution and develop an authentic understanding of the experience of motherhood. Sara Ruddick expands on this idea, suggesting that motherhood can be seen as one way of knowing, and can thus lead to a unique approach to political participation. This paper discusses why feminist theory must consider motherhood an important factor in the development of women s political agency. Many feminist theorists elect to sanitize or outright reject the role of motherhood, relegating it to essentialism, manipulation, or subjugation. Such arguments lead only to the perpetuation of an often oppressive patriarchal institution and leave many women alienated from theories that attempt to describe their experience. Reclaiming motherhood as Rich suggests can elevate the perception of that experience from subjugation to empowerment. Ultimately, this allows a shift in the boundaries between the public and private spheres. Applying the skill sets and insights derived from motherhood to the political sphere allows a transformation of our understanding of politics. Furthermore, seeing motherhood as a valid source of knowledge will enable many women to find that feminist theory describes their own potential. Feminist theory and political action must reflect the experience and needs of women. By considering the opportunities and implications of motherhood, feminist thought can continue to challenge its own content and assumptions of women s experience in the world. Alicia Gauch gaucha@tcd.ie Trinity College USA

12 4 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies Addressing gender equity issues in development work: Higher education and competence based learning for rural development professionals Nowadays there is the notion that in order to work in development and gender equity, we need facilitators of change. We know on the basis of experiences gained over the last years working on capacity building with rural development professionals, from Africa and Asia, that that knowledge and skills are not enough to facilitate change. Only professionals with the right attitude can identify or address gender and other social equity issues in their working field. At our university we conduct Master courses, using a competence based learning approach. We introduce theories, and skills and at the same time challenge attitudes, and raise awareness of individuals of their behaviour within the organisation they are working, the household they are living. We teach professionals to identify inequalities in treatment and consequences for efficiency or equity. This is approach is new for the majority of the professionals who have been taught in a rather traditional, classroom oriented, knowledge-transfer-focused way. The concept of competency is new. It is difficult to indicate for professionals, in particular, which attitude is required to work in a gender-sensitive way. Several methods are applied to achieve strengthening of professional competencies. In this paper I like to share the experience of our course participants and show, with examples, which methods are successful in particular in achieving attitude change, in relation to creating gender sensitivity. Annemarie Westendorp annemarie.westendorp@wur.nl Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied sciences Netherlands

13 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies 5 Dilemmas for feminist methodology: Intersectionality to the rescue? On the one hand it is important to acknowledge the very real gains women have made in all spheres, including many of the legal rights for which we have fought and won. To discount the significance of such changes is to discount women s political achievements. On the other hand, women worldwide continue to face systematic disadvantage in both public and private spheres. Moreover, not all women have benefited to the same extent from the advances that have been made. Gender/feminist theory and politics have constructed the category of woman differently over time and different cultures. Most recently a deconstructed model of woman has emerged. The theoretical advance of post-structuralism with its deconstruction of all such binary oppositions such as woman/ man, in face of multiple and fluid identities that make up each individual, undermined the notion of woman. However, this threatens equal opportunities policy making for women with the loss of subject and impotency. Cultural politics of identity, rooted in claims for recognition of difference, may become disconnected from egalitarian politics of justice and redistribution. Therefore, the theory and methodology of intersectionality has been proposed to move beyond identity politics to various forms of a politics of solidarity in difference. This is examined in the paper as a potential opening for continuing equality policy which acknowledges the re-categorisation of women whilst recognising diverse axes of domination. The paper acknowledges and analyses that where multiple disadvantages interplay and coincide or conflict between and within groups new fine-tuned policy approaches need to be considered. Barbara Bagilhole B.M.Bagilhole@lboro.ac.uk Loughborough University England

14 6 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies Gender, Empire and Women s Travel Writing Burçin Çakır burcin.cakir@ttu.edu Texas Tech University USA Lady explorer is a traveler in skirts. That was the main image of women travelers during eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. For a very long time, women travelers were out of interest of scholars beginning from their life times. Earlier travel narratives were aimed primarily at a male audience and were also written my men. Little attention has been given to women s travel writing until recently and only very recently there are anthologies on women s travel writing appearing. Mary Kingsley s travel writing was even published in her own time and was very popular but this was an exception. Otherwise, the publishing industry largely ignored women s travel literature. The western literary production mainly focused on the writings of men who had traveled across the world. However, with the rise of gender and post-colonial studies, scholars become much more interested in female travel writers across different geographies from different origins. Scholars agree that the post-colonial travel writing can not be considered without the methods of gender, race and colonial studies. Within the limits of this historiographical paper on women s travel writing, it is aimed to cover the interpretations of historians who had produced academic studies on women travelers of late eighteenth and nineteenth century who had written down their perceptions and representations of the Empire, gender and Orientalism that were coming from experiences of their new colonial world. Women s travel writing is very much associated with the Empire. Most of the time, the wives of the imperial soldiers or elites became interested in colonial culture and practice, and particularly in the lives of women and started to keep diaries or memories of their experiences and travels during the eighteenth century. The assumptions and trajectories of these women s lives and work, their feelings about empire, all have the mark of an historical background against which they measured and shaped their own imperial lives. Trained in a particular and historical mode of womanhood and conscious of the Britishness, these women often struggled to make sense of life in unfamiliar environments. Historians agree that women whose lives were shaped by the kinds of gendered considerations give valuables insights to the understanding of empire, class and identity.

15 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies 7 Kadının Cinsel Dokunulmazlığının 5237 Sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu Kapsamında Korunması Kadınların maruz kaldığı şiddet biçimlerinden özellikle cinsiyet farkına vurgu yapan erkek egemen kaynaklı cinsel şiddet, zaruri olarak psikolojik ve fiziksel şiddet tiplerini de bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Cinsel şiddet, kadının cinsel özgürlük alanını kısıtlayan, ihlal eden, cinsiyete dayalı edilgenliğe vurgu yapan ve cinsel amaçlarla gerçekleştirilen her türlü rıza dışı müdahaleyi ifade etmektedir. Kadının cinsel özgürlüğünün hakimiyetinin toplumdan alınarak kadına iadesi gereğini nazara alan yasa koyucu, mülga 765 sayılı TCK nun kadına obje olarak bakışını değiştirmiş ve 5237 sayılı TCK ile kadına erkeklerle birlikte toplumun eşit hak ve özgürlüklere sahip bir ferdi olarak yer vermiştir. Yasa koyucu, kadının cinsel özgürlüğü aleyhine işlenen bu grup suçları Adabı Umumiyeye ve Nizamı Aile Aleyhine Cürümler başlığı altında düzenlemekten vazgeçerek; Kanun un Kişilere Karşı Suçlar başlıklı İkinci Kısmı nın altında ve Cinsel Dokunulmazlığa Karşı Suçlar Bölümü nde düzenlemiştir. Ayrıca ceza kanunlarının önleyicilik ve caydırıcılık işlevini harekete geçirmek amacıyla, öngörülen ceza oranlarında artırıma gidilmiştir. Cinsel Dokunulmazlığa Karşı İşlenen suçlar başlığı altında düzenlenen suç tipleri, suçun aktif ve pasif sujeleri açısından cinsiyete dayalı bir ayrıma gitmemiş, tüm bireylerin cinsel dokunulmazlıklarını koruma altına almıştır. Bu Bölüm de düzenlenen ve kadının cinsel özgürlüğünün korunması kapsamında değerlendirilen suç tipleri, cinsel saldırı suçu (TCK md. 102) ile cinsel taciz (TCK md. 104) suçudur. Ancak kadının cinsel özgürlüğünün korunması, belirtilen suç tipleri ile sınırlı kalmamış ve diğer bazı suç tiplerinde -örneğin Kişiyi Hürriyetinden Yoksun Kılma suçunun cinsel amaçla işlenmesi- cinsel dokunulmazlığın kısıtlanması sonucunu doğuran fiillere suçun nitelikli hali olarak yer verilmiştir. Burcu Ertem burcuertem@cankaya.edu.tr Faculty of Law Çankaya University Turkey

16 8 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies Re-visiting th Turkish Hamam as a Gendered Heterotopia Through the Narratives of Female Western Travellers Spaces and places, and our perception of them are gendered through and through, in a myriad of different ways, which vary between cultures and over time. And this gendering of spaces and places both reflects and has effects back on the ways in which gender is constructed and understood in the societies we live in. Communal bathhouses, as gendered spaces, proved to be not only ritualistic places of cleansing but also venues of social interaction, sexual pleasure and intimacy for different cultures. One well-known type of a communal bathhouse is the Turkish bath (hamam), a significant figure of the Ottoman-Turkish daily life, where multiple social, cultural and sexual realities of a particular society are associated within a single space. Having been alternately or separately used by the male and the female, the hamam has in time been turned into a privatized public domain, where erotic fantasies, bodily instincts and same-sex desires of both genders come to existence; strengthened by the hamam depictions of the orientalist authors. This paper aims to go beyond the orientalist view representing the female body as a culturally constructed other in the hamam depictions and considers the contemporary hamam as a liminal space, the multi-sensory and eroticising aura of which creates a particular association of body, gender and space in both the physical and mental world of the individual bather. In this context, referring to Foucaultian heterotopology, the hamam is re-visited as a gendered heterotopia, through the contemporary narratives of three female Western travellers. Burkay Pasin burkay.pasin@ieu.edu.tr Izmir University of Economics Turkey

17 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies 9 Pacific Women, Pacific Plan, Pacific Way: Is globalising the South Pacific still a man s job? Globalisation has forced the island states of the Pacific to renew and strengthen commitments to cooperate and integrate. Debate has often centred on the possibility of a unionisation of the small island states along the lines of the European Union; however this is usually dismissed as an impractical solution to the complexities of the region given the geography and diversity of states. In response to the global pressures of trade, security and economic capacity The Pacific Islands Forum s Pacific Plan for Regional Cooperation and Integration proposed and implemented a ten year plan which aims to unify and strengthen the island nations of the South Pacific across a number of areas. This paper argues that, while the Pacific Plan has merit in its vision, there was limited practical commitment to the inclusion of women s perspective in the process of developing the plan. In the lead up to implementation of the regional plan women were unified in voicing concern about the Plans ability to address gender disparities. The use of gender mainstreaming created opportunities to marginalise women s concerns and although this may not have been a deliberate outcome, culture and a resistance towards adopting approaches that might perceivably be considered a threat to the pacific way have made it difficult for women to influence policy. The paper surveys responses by women s organisations to the Pacific Plan proposal, together with early implementation strategies in regard to effecting improvement in gender equality and awareness of gender issues in the region. Cate Morriss c.morriss@student.qut.edu.au cathrynmorriss@gmail.com Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Australia

18 10 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies Human Beings for Sale : Trafficking in Women in North Cyprus Trafficking in persons is one of the most serious human rights violations in North Cyprus just as it is worldwide. Trafficking in women for the purposes of sexual exploitation is the major form of trafficking in persons in North Cyprus which is a destination country for trafficked women mostly from Eastern and Central Europe. Traffickers who force women into prostitution recruit victims to work as artistes in nightclubs with 6-month artiste-visas according to the law regulating the operation of places of entertainment. Although prostitution is not allowed within the scope of that law and is a crime under the criminal law, it is a known fact that the women concerned are being used for prostitution. In addition to that, victims owe the employers for their travel expenses and their salaries are garnished to pay off smuggling fee; this is the inhuman method of debt bondage. The women concerned do not have freedom of movement. They are compelled to live in very bad conditions that can be regarded as inhuman treatment. They are threatened with harm if they attempt to escape. They are sometimes deprived of sleep, adequate medical care or other essentials. They are not allowed to socialize. Because of lack of knowledge and awareness in the local society, victims are also subjected to discrimination. They are regarded as prostitutes rather than victims. Ceren Göynüklü Moral ceren.goynuklu@ktihv.org Turkish Cypriot Human Rights Foundation North Cyprus Despite reliable indicators showing the existence of trafficking in women in North Cyprus, effective steps have not been taken to combat trafficking in persons and to protect victims by the Turkish Cypriot administration. Trafficking in persons is defined as organized crime in several international instruments. However, in North Cyprus it has not been defined as such a crime. Thus, there is no legal basis to punish perpetrators as traffickers or to define the trafficked women as victims. Recently a bill has been referred to parliament trying to define and criminalize trafficking in persons according to internationally accepted criteria and providing protection for victims. But it has not been put into force, yet. This paper aims to review the situation regarding trafficking in women for the purpose of sexual exploitation in North Cyprus in all its complexity and discusses the phenomenon both as a crime and a violation of basic human rights.

19 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies 11 İnternet Medyasında Kadınların Temsil Biçimleri ve Kadın Çalışan Oranının Temsil Biçimleri ile Ilişkisi Medya, içinde varolduğu üretim yapısının niteliğine göre örgütlenmekte ve üretim yapmaktadır. Dünya ekonomisi bugün yeni ekonomi adı verilen bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin çok önem kazandığı bir yapılanma içindedir. Günümüzde internet, haber dağıtımında da giderek baskın bir mecraya dönüşmektedir. Liberal düşünürler, sunduğu olanaklarla diğer mecralara göre üstün olduğu kabul edilen, her geçen gün daha geniş bir kitleye ulaşan internetin, haber üretim ve dağıtım süreçlerini daha demokratik, katılımcı, çoksesli hale dönüştürmesi beklentisini taşırken internet medyasının bugün geleneksel medyada varolan sorunları derinleştirdiği ya da yeniden ürettiğini savunan eleştirel yaklaşımlar da güç kazanmaktadır. Bu sorunların en önemlilerinden biri din, dil, ırk, cinsiyet gibi belirli kategorilerin geleneksel medyadakine benzer biçimde internette medyasında da temsil ediliş biçimleri, bu biçimlerin yaygınlaştırılması, meşrulaştırılması ve içselleştirilmesidir. Bu çalışmada temsil kategorilerinden biri olan cinsiyetin, ancak, cinsiyetin anatomik-biyolojik bir özellik değil toplumsal bir yapıntı olduğunu ortaya çıkaran çalışmalardan bu yana benimsenen terimle toplumsal cinsiyet in internet medyasına yansımasının, kadın - erkek temsilleri arasında varolan ayrılık ya da daha ötesinde ayrımcılık ın kadınların internet medyasında temsil biçimlerinin incelenmesiyle ve içeriklerin oluşumunda kadınların payının belirlenmesiyle ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada Internet Medyasında Kadınların Temsil Biçimleri bölümünde eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemi kullanılmış, Kadın Çalışan Oranının Temsil Biçimleri ile Ilişkisi bölümünde ise yüz yüze derinlemesine görüşme tekniğini içeren kalitatif yöntem kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada bütünsel olarak kantitatif teknikleri de içeren kalitatif amaçlı bir yöntem uygulanmıştır. Ceren Sözeri cerensozeri@gmail.com Hülya Uğur Tanrıöver hulyatanriover@gmail.com Galatasaray University Turkey

20 12 3 rd international Conference on Women s Studies Fate for Sale : Mark(et)ing Domestic Violence in Central Asia The textual foundations for this paper lie not only in an autobiography written by Bibish, a young Uzbek belly dancer who currently resides outside of Moscow, but also in the figure of Bibish herself, as a popular addendum to her own work. A writer and performer who frequents clubs, talk shows, and has recently appeared in a rock music video, Bibish s identity is as multiple as her diasporic experience. Originally from Khiva, a conservative town in Uzbekistan, and now a Russian citizen, Bibish has marketed her Islamic immigrant past, bringing sacred tradition to the forefront in a secular age. Despite her commercialized hybridity, as Europeanized novelist and Middle Eastern dancer, a disjuncture exists between the ways in which Bibish s claims to authenticity are produced professionally and the ways in which she commodifies herself as authentic to remain relevant socially. It is the point where her contradictory commercialization and self-styling intersect with Western culture that this paper investigates. The theoretical underpinnings of my critical framework include third-world feminist literary and geographical analyses, in addition to content analyses of interviews conducted, December August 2008, with Bibish and with university educators, crisis intervention advocates, and government representatives involved in domestic violence and gender awareness campaigns throughout Russia and Central Asia. Christina Marie Stoltz American University of Central Asia Kyrgyzs Republic