ÜSKÜDAR. turizm. rehberi ÜSKÜDAR. tourism guide

Transkript

1 ÜSKÜDAR turizm rehberi ÜSKÜDAR tourism guide

2 Yay nlayan Üsküdar Belediyesi Bas n Yay n ve Halkla liflkiler Müdürlü ü Municipality of Uskudar Press and Public Relation Office Publications Editörler - Edited by Ali Yeflildal Elif Uzun Aynur Altunbafl Sanat Yönetmeni - Art Director Yusuf Gör Tashih - Proofread Enes Acar Yap m - Production ART Radikal Tan t m Foto raflar - Photograph Kenan Koca Üsküdar Arflivi

3 Y lmaz Bayat ÜSKÜDAR BELED YE BAfiKANI The Mayor of Uskudar sunufl presentation

4 sunufl Üsküdar tarihiyle, do as yla ve dünyaya mal olmufl eserleriyle, geçmifli nice as rlara uzanan bir flehir. Dünyan n gözde flehri stanbul'un içinde bir inci k ymetinde olan ve dünyaca tan nan ender yerlerden biri olan Üsküdar, tan nm fll n n ötesinde, sahip oldu u tarihi ve do al miras n zenginli i ile de gelecek zamanlara daha modern daha ça dafl bir flehir halinde ilerleyecek.tarihiyle, do as yla, insanlar yla geçmiflten bugüne bir çok medeniyete befliklik etmifl olan bu güzel beldenin do al miras na sahip ç karak gelece imize en güzel miras b rakma çabas içindeyiz. Üsküdar' n ad her zaman hoflgörü ve cömertlikle an lm flt r. Bunu sa layan geçmiflimizin duyarl l n bugün de gösterebilmek için hizmetlerimizde yard mlaflmay ve kaliteyi esas al yoruz. K zkulesinden Çaml ca Tepesine, III. Ahmet Çeflmesinden Aziz Mahmut Hüdayi Dergah na kadar, stanbul'un en güzel seyredildi i yer olma özelli ini tafl yan sahilinden, yeflilin her tonunu bünyesinde bar nd ran korular na, park ve bahçelerine kadar, içinde bulundurdu u an t a açlar ndan e itim ve kültür merkezlerine kadar daha ad n sayamayaca m z bir çok eseri bünyesinde bar nd ran bir güzelli e ev sahipli i yapmaktan gurur duyuyoruz. stanbul'un ihtiflam n içinde bar nd ran bu güzel beldenin keflfedilmesi gereken o kadar çok gizli hazineleri var ki. Hem maddi hem manevi aç dan turizmin en do al olarak yaflanabildi i insanlara huzur veren bir flehrin baflkanl n yapmak gerçekten büyük sorumluluk isteyen bir görevdir. On y ld r arkam zda duran halk m z sayesinde flehrimize bir çok kal c eser yapma u rafl nda bulunduk. fiairin Üsküdar'da yaflamay, Üsküdar'da ölmeyi en hofl ve en uzun bir rüya olarak nitelendirdi i bu güzide flehir, her fleyin en iyisine ve en güzeline lay k. Bu rehberin sayfalar nda dolafl rken sanat ve esteti in en güzel örneklerini bulabilece iniz kimilerine göre alt n flehir, kimilerine göre hayal flehir olarak nitelendirilen Üsküdar' n gezilmeye ve görülmeye de er bir çok eseri bünyesinde toplad n göreceksiniz. Üsküdar' m z dünya çap nda bir marka yapmak için var gücümüzle çal fl yoruz. Hep en önde olmay kendimize bir görev addettik. Bu duygular içerisinde hepinizi sevgi ve muhabbetle selaml yorum. En güzel yar nlar sizin olsun.

5 presentation Üsküdar is a city which goes way back in centuries with its history, nature and works of art. Üsküdar which is valuable as a pearl in stanbul and which has a global reputation, will advance into the future with its past and natural heritage as a more modern and more contemporary city. We make all the efforts to pass on the natural heritage of this beautiful area which has been the center of many civilizations with its history, nature and people. The name of Üsküdar has always been called upon with tolerance and generosity. Help and quality in our services are essential for us to demonstrate our sensitivity to our past. We are proud to be the hosts of this beauty which has, K zkulesi, Çaml ca Hill, the Fountain of Ahmet III, the Aziz Mahmut Hüdayi Dervish Lodge, its coast with the best views of stanbul, its forests with all the shades of green, its parks and gardens, its monumental trees of centuries old and its educational and cultural centers. There are so many hidden treasures that need to be explored in this beautiful area which houses all the splendor of stanbul. It is a very demanding duty with a lot of responsibilities to be the mayor of this city which makes people feel comfortable and offers moral and material tourism alternatives. We have tried to carry out various permanent works within the last ten years thanks to our citizens. This beautiful city, which the poet describes to live and die here as the nicest and longest dream, deserves the best and the most beautiful of everything. When you glance through the pages this guide, you will note that a lot of works of art which are the best examples of arts and aesthetics and worthy of visiting in Üsküdar, which is a dreamland for some, and golden city for others. We are doing our best to make our Üsküdar a world class brand. It is our mission to be ahead forever. I salute all of you with love and affection. May the best of future be yours.

6 6 tarihçe history Üsküdar ad n bir rivayete göre M.Ö.Vll. as rda flehri kurmufl olan kahin Khryses in k z Krhyseis ten alm flt r. Di er bir rivayete göre ise Pers hakimiyeti zaman nda Khrysos olarak isimlendirilen alt n paradan alm fl olmal d r.bu isim Bizans tesiriyle Khrysopolis halini alm flt r. Antik Ça da, imparatorlar n deri kalkanl muhaf z flehirde yafl yor olmas nan dolay ham veya tabaklanm fl deri manas na gelen Scutari isminin kullan ld da bir baflka görüfltür Baflka bir rivayete göre de, Üsküdar ismi Ulak manas na gelmekte olup, Farsça kökenli (Esküdar) olmas na ra men Scutari ile tesadüfi bir ses uyumuna sahiptir.. M.Ö.410 tarihinden beri önemli bir yerleflim yeri olan flehir,bizans döneminde Kad köy ün bir varoflu olarak kalm fl olup, Müslüman Araplar n stanbul muhasaras nda stratejik bir öneme kavuflmufltur. Hz. Peygamber (S.A.V.) Kostantiniyye( stanbul), muhakkak feth olunacakt r.onun emiri ne güzel emirdir, askeri ne güzel askerdir. Buyurmufltur. Bu hadis ilk halifeler zaman ndan itibaren müslümanlar stanbul u almaya teflvik etmifltir. Bu müjdenin iflaret etti i kumandan olma yar fl na giren ünlü slam halifeleri ve kumandanlar n n haz rlad ordulardan birine 672 tarihinde kat lan Ebu Eyyüb el-ensari de stanbul muhasaras s ras nda bir süre Üsküdar da kalm flt r. Yine ayn maksatlarla slam ordusuyla flehre gelen Harun el-reflit 806 tarihinde bir müddet burada konaklam flt r. Evliya Çelebi, Battal Gazi nin Üsküdar n K zkulesi ne hakim biryerine çad r n kurdu unu, 7sene burada kald n ve ba bahçe yetifltirdi ini kaydetmektedir. Osmanl hükümdar Orhan Gazi, muhtemelen 1352 tarihinde Venedikliler karfl s nda bozguna u rayan Cenevizlilerin yard m istemesi üzerine Bizans n elinde bulunan flehri zaptetmifltir. flte bu fetih bölgenin kal c bir flekilde Müslümanl kla tan flmas na vesile olmufltur. Osmanl devrinde bir liman ve yerleflme yeri olarak geliflen flehir, Asya taraf na sevk edilen ordular n teçhizat ve mühimmat ikmali yapt ilk konak yeridir. Fatih Sultan Mehmet, Akkoyunlu hükümdar Uzun Hasan üzerine sefer düzenlerken, Yavuz Sultan Selim M s r seferine giderken ve Kanuni Sultan Süleyman da, Do u Seferine ç karken bu gelene e uyarak ordugahlar n hep burada kurmufllard. IV.Murat, Revan Seferi ne ç kt zaman burada konaklam fl oldu u gibi,bu sefer dönüflünde de Üsküdar Saray nda ikamet emifltir.(l635) Zorba isyan s ras nda, Kand ral Zorba Mehmet bir ara Üsküdar ele geçirmifl olup,flehrin ya malanmas na sebep olmufltur(1808).bu isyan s ras nda Selimiye K fllas da y k lm flt r. Üsküdar n zaman içinde bugünkü iskele civar ndan bafllayarak s rtlara do ru geliflme gösterdi i Rum Mehmet Pafla, Kaptan Pafla ve Davut Pafla Camilerinden anlafl lmaktad r. Camilerin infla tarihlerine bakarak flehrin mahallelerinin kurulufl devrelerini k smen de olsa tespit etmek mümkündür. Mesela, Mihrimah Sultan Külliyesi nin 1547 tarihlerinde tamamlanm fl olmas, bu tarihlerde iskele civar n n flenlik bir yer oldu unu göstermektedir. Ekrem Hakk Ayverdi nin verdi i rakamlara göre XV.yüzy l n son çeyre inde Üsküdar ve çevresinde yaklafl k nüfus yaflamaktayd. Barkan n XVI.yüzy l n ilk çeyre i için verdi i rakamlara göre ise ila aras nda bir nüfus yaflamaktayd. Bu yüzy lda stanbul Bo az k y lar ndan Karadeniz k y s ndaki Yoros Kale ye, Hereke den zmit in güneyine kadar uzanan bir alana yay lm fl olan Üsküdar n toplam 27 köyü ve 15 mahallesi vard. > Üsküdar Turizm Rehberi

7 7 Üsküdar got its name from soothsayer Khryses s daughter Krhyseis according to a legend. According to another legend it should have taken it from the gold coin named Khrysos during the Persian rule. This name transformed into Khrysopolis with the Byzantinian influence. Another view is that the name Scutari was used meaning raw or tanned leather since the emperors lived in cities protected with leather shields in the Antique Era. According t another view is that the name Üsküdar means Messenger, and although it is [Esküdar] in the Persian language, it has a coincidental rhyme with Scutari. The city has been an important dwelling lace since 410 BC, it was a suburb of Kad köy in the Byzantinian era, and became strategically important during the siege of stanbul by Muslim Arabs. The Prophet Mohammad said Kostantiniyye will be conquered. How beautiful is its ruler, how beautiful is its soldier. This saying of His encouraged all the muslims to conquer stanbul since the era of the first chalifs. In 672, Abu-Eyyub al-ensari joined one of the armies of reputable Muslim chalifas and commanders who desired to be the commander designated in this saying and stayed for a while in Üsküdar during the siege of the city. Also, Harun al-rasheed who came to the city with the Muslim army in 806 for the same purpose stayed here for a while. Evliya Çelebi noted that Battal Gazi set up his tent in a place overlookin Üsküdar K zkulesi, stayed there for 7 years and was engaged in gardening and viniculture. The Ottoman emperor Orhan Gazi conquered the city which was in the hands of the Byzantinians in 1352, probably on the request of help of the Genoese who had lost the battle against the Venetians. Through this conquest, the region stayed in the Muslim hands permanently. The city developed as a port and dwelling place in the Ottoman era, and was also the initial logistics center of Ottoman troops sent to Asia. When Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror organized his army against Akkoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan, when Yavuz Sultan Selim went to conquer Egypt, and when Sultan Suleiman the Magnificient went to conquer the East, thet all set their headquarters here following the tradition. Sultan Murat IV stayed here at the beginning of the Revan conquest, and resided in the Üsküdar alace upon his return (1635). During the uprising of the despots, Zorba Mehmet of kand ra captured Üsküdar for a while and caused the city to be looted (1808). During this uprising, Selimiye barracks was also demolished. It is understood from the Mosques Rum Mehmet Pasha, Kaptan Pasha and Davut Pasha that Üsküdar has developed starting from the current port towards the ridges. By looking at the construction dates of the mosques, the foundation era of the quarters of the city can be determined partly. For example, the completion of Sultan Mihrimah group of buildings in 1547 shows that the surroundings of the port was a center of activity. According to the numbers given by Ekrem Hakk Ayverdi, in the last quarter of the XV th century, the population in Üsküdar and its surroundings was approximately According to the numbers given by Barkan, in the first quarter of the XVI th century, the population was bewtween and There was a total of 27 villages and 15 quarters of Üsküdar, extending from the shores of stanbul Bosphorus to Yoros Kale at the shores of the Black sea, from Hereke to rhe south of zmit. > Üsküdar Tourism Guide

8 8 bugünkü Üsküdar Üsküdar today Üsküdar, Marmara Denizi ile Bo az sular n n birleflti i yerde Kocaeli Yar madas n n ucunda Kad köy Beykoz ve Ümraniye ile s n r iki yakas tepelerden oluflan derin ve denize aç k bir vadi içinde kurulmufltur. lçenin yüzölçümü 36 kilometrekaredir, Üsküdar topraklar do udan bat ya do ru genifl s rtlar ve tepeler halinde hafif e imlerle k y ya yaklaflarak stanbul Bo az na iner. Ülke turizminin önemli merkezlerinden birini teflkil eden tepelerinden Büyük Çaml ca Sefa Tepesi denizden 268 metre, Küçük Çaml ca Tepesi ise 229 m. yüksekliktedir. K y fleridi genellikle dard r. skelelerin bulundu u kamuya aç k alan d fl ndaki k y fleridi ya denize dik inmekte ya da özel yap larla kapat lm fl flekildedir. klim yönünden Marmara Bölgesinin karakteristik özelli ini gösterir. Bir yandan Marmara n n l man havas öte yandan Balkanlar dan gelen so uk hava, ilçemizi etkisi alt nda bulundurur. Yazlar s cak ve kurak, ilkbahar, sonbahar ve k fl aylar ise genelde ya murlu geçer.y ll k ortalama s cakl k 15 derecedir.y ll k ortalama ya fl miktar m2 bafl na kg d r. Nem oran yüksektir. Ortalama nispi nem % 75 dir. Üsküdar was founded at the intersection of Marmara Sea and the Bosphorus, at the end of Kocaeli Peninsula, in the deep valley open to the seaconsisting of hills at both sides, forming boundaries with Kad köy Beykoz and Ümraniye. The county is 36 square kilometers, and the land of Üsküdar descends to the Bosphorus with light slopes in the form of wide ridges and hills from the east towards the west. Büyük Çaml ca Sefa Hill which is one of the important tourism attractions of the country has an altitude of 268 m., while Küçük Çaml ca Hill has 229 m. The bank is generally narrow. Except for the public area, the bank either has a sharp slope or full of private buildings. The climate has the characteristics of the Marmara Region. The county has the warm climate of Marmara on one hand, and has the cold weather originating from the Balkans on the other hand. It is hot and dry during summer, and rainy during spring, fall and winter. The average yearly temperature is 15 degrees. The average precipitation is kg. per m2. The humidity is high. The average humidity is 75%. > Üsküdar Turizm Rehberi

9 9 nüfus population lçemizin nüfusu, 2000 genel nüfus say m nda yaklafl k kifli olarak tesbit edilmifltir. The population of the county is according to the census of idari yap administrative structure 1867 y l nda yürürlü e konulan vilayetler nizamnamesi ile kurulan vilayetler aras nda stanbul yer ald ndan Dersaadet befl mutasarr fl k ve yedi kaza olarak teflkilatlanm flt r.sancaklar aras nda yer alan Üsküdar, 1924 y l nda bütün sancaklar ile yap l nca, il olmufl ise de, 1926 y l nda l daresi Kanunu ile kaza kurulufluna uygun görülmüfltür y l na kadar stanbul Belediyesi fiube Müdürlü ü fleklinde, 1984 y l ndan bu yana ise ilçe Belediyesi olarak teflkilatland r lm fl olup, ilçemizde 54 mahalle mevcuttur. The city of stanbul was organized as five regions and seven districts after the city regulatory decree of 1867, and Üsküdar became a minor district. When all the districts were turned to the cities in 1924, Üsküdar became a city, but, it was found more appropriate that it became a district after the City Administration Law of It was a Branch Directorate within the Municipality of stanbul until 1984, and it has become a district municipality since 1984 and has 54 quarters. > Üsküdar Tourism Guide

10 10 sosyal durum social structure 1930 lu y llarda 60 bine yak n nüfusun meskun oldu u flehir 60 l y llardan itibaren göç alarak h zl bir nüfus art fl na maruz kalm flt r.yeniden kat lan bu nüfus eski iskan alan nda yo un yap laflma sonucu ço alan meskenlerde ikamet etti i gibi iskan d fl k rsal alanlar iskana aç larak yeni mahalleler oluflmufltur. Yeni oluflan mahallelerde ise Karadeniz bölgesi illerimizdeki nüfus a rl kl olmak üzere Do u ve ç Anadolu dan gelen nüfusla birleflmifl olduklar ve halen kendi bölgelerinin fliveden giyime kadar bir k s m kültürel de erlerini muhafaza ettikleri gözlenmektedir.çeflitlilik arz eden bir zenginlik mevcuttur. Genel olarak Üsküdar n idari hudutlar içerisinde geçmifl as rlarda oldu u gibi bugünde muhafazakar insanlar ikamet etmektedir.üsküdar stanbul un fethinden önce Türk egemenli ine girmifltir. slam inanç ve kültürün Rumeli ve Balkanlar a ulaflt r lmas nda ordulardan önce s n rs z hizmet verdi i belirlenen ulema ve arif an n Üsküdar da yetiflti i ve haz rland bu yörenin Osmanl n n irfan oca n vücuda getirdi i bilinmektedir.e itim amaçl kurumlar n külliyesini teflkil eden 150 civar ndaki cami Cumhuriyet Dönemi ne intikal etmekle bu tespitimizi do rular vesikalar niteli indedir.bu özelli inden dolay sözü edilen tav r ve meflrepteki nüfus Üsküdar mesken tutmaktad r. Sosyal yap içinde ideolojik ve etnik aç dan herhangi bir intibaks zl k ve ihtilaf mevcut de ildir.fiehirleflmenin genel tezahürü olarak son çeyrek as rda gözlenen çekirdek aile Üsküdar da da hakim durumdad r.göç s ras nda büyük aileler flehre yerlefltikten sonra da larak yeni meskenler kurmaktad rlar. lçemiz genel olarak iskan alan d r.sanayi ve ticaret merkezleri yer almam flt r. Halk n gelir düzeyi orta derecede olup, iflçi memur ve esnaf a rl ktad r. lçemizde baz mahallelerimizde imar yasas na ayk r yap laflmalar olmufl ve bu flekilde Kirazl tepe, Güzeltepe, Bahçelievler,Yavuztürk,Mehmet Akif Ersoy ve Hasippafla gibi mahalleler oluflmufl ise de mülkiyet sorununun çözülememesinden kaynaklanan kaçak yap laflma a rl k arz etmektedir. Gayri s hhi gecekondular yok denecek kadar azd r. > Üsküdar Turizm Rehberi

11 11 Although the population was approximately in the 1930 s, it increased rapidly after the 60 s through migration. This newly added population resided at both the old dwellings and in the new quarters constituted in the rural areas that were allowed to be residential areas. It has been observed that the population in the newly formed quarters are from the cities in the Black Sea region mostly, along with the Eastern and Central Anatolian cities and that they preserve their local cultural values such as dialects and outfits. There is a richness in variety. Within the administrative boundaries of Üsküdar, generally there are conservative people as in the past. Üsküdar became a Turkish city before the conquest of stanbul. The scholars and religious authorities who spread the Islamic culture in the Balkans and Eastern Europe before the armies were raised in Üsküdar and this region was the center of Ottoman learning center. About 150 mosques which still existed in the beginning of the Republic and which formed the essence of the training and education proves our determination. For this reason, conservative population prefer to reside in stanbul. There are no conflicts and disharmonies ideologically or ethnically within the social structure. The nucleus family arising from the urbanization in the last quarter of the century is also observed in Üsküdar. Big families who migrate to big cities, disperse afterwards and start their own houses. Our district is generally a residential area. There are no industrial or commercial centers. The income level of the people is average, and there are mostly workers, public employees and small business owners. There have been some illegal construction breaching the residential zoning laws, and thus quarters such as Kirazl tepe, Güzeltepe, bahçelievler, Yavuztürk, mehmet akif Ersoy and Hasippafla have been formed, but most of the illegal quarters have arisen because of the insolvency of the ownership problem. There are almost no unhealthy shanties. > Üsküdar Tourism Guide

12 12 e itim education Halihaz r e itim ve ö retim kurumlar n n durumu flöyledir. 71 ilkö retim okulu, 32 orta ö retim kurumu, 14 adet çeflitli kurslar, 14 adet yurt ve pansiyon ayr ca Marmara Üniversitesi nin baz fakülteleri ilçemizde bulunmaktad r. lçe genelinde,ihtiyaca göre okul say ve kapasitesi iyi durumdad r.ancak baz semtlerde dengesiz ve süratli yap laflma sebebi ile lkö retim okulu ihtiyac aciliyet arz etmektedir. The training and educational institutions are as follows. There are 71 primary education schools, 32 high schools, 14 various courses, 14 dormitories, and some departments of Marmara University in our district. In general, the number of schools and their capacities are adequate according to the needs. However, there is an urgent need of primary schools in some quarters because of rapid and unbalanced development. kültür culture Üsküdar, Türk egemenli i ile birlikte imparatorlu un en yo un kültürel faaliyetine hizmet etmifltir. Bugün 12 kütüphane, 9 kültür ve e itim merkezi, 1 sinema, 1 tiyatro ve 2 müze bulunmaktad r. Üsküdar seved extensively in the cultural life of the empire after it became a Turkish city. There are 12 libraries, 9 cultural and training centers, 1 movie theater, 1 theater and 2 museums today. > Üsküdar Turizm Rehberi

13 13 spor sports lçede gençli e hizmet ile beden ve ruh sa l n korumaya yönelik alt yap tesisleri flunlard r. 2 stadyum, 2 kapal spor salonu,l yüzme havuzu, l4 hal saha, l atletizm salonu. The infrasture facilities which serve for the protection of physical and moral health of the youth in the district are as follows: 2 stadiums, 2 covered sports facilities, 1 swimming pool, 14 artificial fields, 1 athletism facility. sa l k health Üsküdar ilçemizde, sa l k hizmetleri itibariyle ortam, gerek geçti imiz yüzy lda gerekse bugün ülke flartlar na nazaran çok yüksek seviyede olmufltur. 19.as r sonlar na do ru hizmete konulmufl T bb ye-i fiahane, yap sal revizyonlarla birlikte sürekli hizmet vermifltir. M.Ü.T p Fakültesi ve E itim Hastanesi, Gülhane Askeri T p Akademisi Haydarpafla Askeri Hastanesi, Haydarpafla Numune Hastanesi,Dr.Siyami Ersek Kalp ve Damar Cerrahi Hastanesi ile Zeynep Kamil Kad n Do um ve Çocuk Hastanesi bu kök etraf nda geliflmifl, yüksek hizmet kapasiteli tedavi kurumlar d r. Ayr ca, özel poliklinik, laboratuvar ve özel doktor muayenehanesi bulunmaktad r. The health services have always been higher in terms of standards than the country average. The medical school which was opened towards the end of 19thy century served continuously through revisions. Medical School and Training Hospital of Marmara University, Gülhane Military Medical School Haydarpafla Military Hospital, Haydarpafla Numune Hospital, Dr. Siyami Ersek Heart and Coronary Operations Hospital and Zeynep Kamil Gynaecology and Children s Hospital are institutions with high service capacity developed within this tradition. Also, there are private clinics, laboratories and physician s offices. > Üsküdar Tourism Guide

14 14 ekonomi economy stanbul Büyükflehir çerçevesinde yer alan Üsküdar da, skan mahalli olma özelli inden dolay,belirgin ekonomik faaliyet bulunmaktad r. Tar msal Faaliyetler. Eski küçük çaptaki ziraat alanlar dahi yerleflim alan na dönüflmüfltür.su ürünleri alan nda da bir adet su ürünleri kooperatifi vard r.90 üyesi bulunmaktad r.üye olmayan tahminen 500 civar nda bal kç avc l kla geçinmektedir. Sanayi ve Ticaret. Üsküdar da eskiden beri s nai teflebbüs yer almam flt r. Atölye boyutunda, say s fazla olmayan imalathaneler, nüfusa göre kayda de er bulunmamaktad r.bununla birlikte, ilçede çok say da, s nai ve ticari teflebbüsün yönetim merkezi vard r. Sermaye Birikimi ve Kooperatifleflme. lçemizde daha ziyade küçük esnaf ve sanatkar ile emekli nüfus bulunmaktad r.günlük ihtiyac karfl layacak ticaret merkezleri faaliyettedir. Tek al flverifl merkezi mevcuttur. Belirli say dada hiper ve süper market hizmete bafllam flt r. Al nan bilgilere göre kooperatiflerin % 90 yap kooperatifidir. Since Üsküdar is a residential area in the Greater Municipality of stanbul, it does not have a major economical activity. Agricultural Activities: Even old agricultural areas have transformed into residential areas. There is one cooperative company on fishing products. There are 90 members, and an approximate number of 500 fishermen earn their living through fishing. Industry and Trade: There have been no industrial activity in Üsküdar since the past. There a few ateliers which are negligeable with respect to the population. However, there lots of headquarters of industrial and commercial enterprises in the district. Capital Accumulation and Cooperative Companies: There are rather small business owners, artisans and retired people in our district. There are commercial centers which meet the daily requirements. There is only one shopping center. There are a number of of gross and super markets. According to the information we have obtained, 90% of the cooperative companies are construction cooperative companies. > Üsküdar Turizm Rehberi

15 15 k z kulesi maiden tower gezelim görelim let s travel - let s see Üsküdar n sembolü haline gelen kule, Üsküdar da Bizans Devrinden kalan tek eserdir. M.Ö.2475 y llar na kadar uzanan tarihi bir geçmifle sahip olan kule, Karadeniz in Marmara ile kucaklaflt yerde minicik bir ada üzerinde kurulmufltur. Baz Avrupal tarihçiler buraya Lean d r Kulesi derler. Kule hakk nda pek çok rivayetler bulunmaktad r. Evliya Çelebi kuleyi flöyle tarif eder. Deniz içinde karadan bir ok at m uzak, dört köfle, sanatkarane yap lm fl bir yüksek kuledir.yüksekli i tam seksen arflundur. Sath mesehas ikiyüz ad md r. ki taraf na bakan yerde kap s vard r. Bu gün gördü ümüz kulenin temelleri ve alt kat n mühim k s mlar Fatih devri yap s d r. Kulenin etraf ndaki sahanl k genifl tafllarla kaplanm flt r.üstündeki madalyon halindeki bir mermer levhada, kuleye flimdiki fleklini veren Sultan ll.mahmud un, Hattat Rasim in kaleminden ç km fl 1832 tarihli bir tu ras vard r.kulenin Eminönü taraf daha geniflçe olup burada bir de sarn ç vard r. The tower has ben the symbol of Üsküdar, and it is the only monument which stayed from the Byzantinian Era. It has a history dating bacl to 2475 BC, and it eas founded on the tiny island where Black Sea and Marmara Sea meets. Some histprians call it the Leander tower. There are a lot of legends on the tower. Evliya Çelebi describes the tower follows. It is a rectangular tower built artistically within reach of an arrow in the sea from the land. It is eighty yards in height. It has an area of two hundred feet. t has two doors on both sides. The foundations and main parts of the lower level of the current tower were built during Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror. The landing around the tower is covered with wide stones. On the marble board in the shape of a medaillon, ther is the imperial signature of Sultan Mahmut II, who built the tower as is, written by the calligrapher Rasim in The Eminönü part of the Tower is wider and has a cistern. > Üsküdar Tourism Guide

16 16 askeri binalar military buildings selimiye k fllas selimiye barracks III. Selim in kurdu u Nizam- Cedid askeri için infla edilmifltir. Daha sonra çeflitli sebeplerle iki defa yanan k flla son olarak tarihleri aras nda yeniden infla edilmifl ve K r m harbi esnas nda Osmanl Devleti ne yard ma gelen ngiliz ordusuna tahsis edilmifltir. K fllan n kendi iskelesi olmas na ra men gelen kuvvetlerin ikmal ve iaflelerinin daha kolay sevki maksad yla Harem skelesi infla edilmifltir. K flla; ah rlar, f r n, silah ve teçhizat imalathaneleri, camii, mektep, hünkar mahfili, hünkar dan flma dairesi, hamam, tekke, menzilhane, han, su terazileri, çeflmeler, zab t evleri ve çarfl dan meydana gelmekteydi. ç k s mlar ve tavanlar ahflap, d fl k s mlar kargir olan Selimiye K fllas, Cumhuriyet ten sonra, bir müddet kendi kaderine terk edilmifl ise de bir süre sonra iç k s mlar betonlaflt r larak önce askeri okul, daha sonra da l.ordu Karargah olarak kullan lmaya bafllam fl olup l980 y l nda ciddi bir tadilattan gecirilmifltir. It was built for the Nizam- Cedid soldiers founded by Selim III. The building got fire twice for various reasons, and was finally built between and was allocated to the British army whiched came to the help of the Ottomans during the Crimean war. Although the barracks had its own port, the Harem port was also built for better logistics. The barracks consisted of stables, bakery, the gun and equipment ateliers, the quarters of the Sultan, Sultan s counseling hall, Turkish bath, dervish lodge, inn, posting house for horses, water canals, fountains, officer flats and a market. The inner parts and the ceilings were made of wood was left for a while during the Republican era, but, the inner parts was built in concrete later and has been begun to use it as the 1st Army Headquarters, and was seriously renovated in > Üsküdar Turizm Rehberi

17 17 saraylar, kas rlar, köflkler palaces, mansions, villas ayazma saray ayazma palace Üsküdar da yap lan ilk saray olan Ayazma Saray Fatih devrine ait olup, fiemsi Pafla sahil yolu civar nda ve K zkulesi nin karfl s ndad r.fiimdi Ayazma Camii nin bulundu u oldukça genifl bir sahaya yay ld anlafl lan bu saray, sonradan Mimar Sinan taraf ndan onar lm flt r. Bugün bu saray n önemsiz bir k sm ayakta bulunmaktad r. It is the first palace built in Üsküdar and belongs to the era of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror, and it is on the fiemsi Pasha coastal road and across K zkulesi. This palace was restorated by the Architect Sinan later, and was built on the wide area of the current Ayazma mosque. Today, only an unimportant part of this palace exists. gezelim görelim let s travel - let s see adile sultan kasr adile sultan mansion Bu kas r Kofluyolu ile Altunizade aras ndaki 354 bin metrekarelik bir bahçenin ortas na kurulmufltur. Kas r Sultan Abdülaziz in küçük k z kardefli Adile Sultan ad na yap lm flt r (1853). Mimar n n Balyan Kalfa olma ihtimali vard r. Kas r bodrumuyla beraber üç katt r. A rl klar ve tavan tafl yacak k s mlar taflla, öbür k s mlar genifl ebatl hususi tu la ile yap lm flt r. Kubbenin ve baz odalar n tavanlar n n orijinal süsleri günümüze kadar ulaflm flt r. Kas r Cumhuriyet in ilk y llar nda baz tadiller yap larak Darü leytam denilen yetimler yurdu olarak kullan lm flt r.sonra Maarif vekili Mustafa Necati Bey burada 60 yatakl bir çocuk prevantoryumu kurdurmufltur.27 May s 1928 de yüz yatakl yeni bir bölüm ilave edilmifltir. Üzerine bir kat daha ç k larak buras 200 yatakl bir sa l k merkezi haline sokulmufltur.kas r bugün Ö retmenevi olarak kullan lmaktad r. > Üsküdar Tourism Guide

18 18 This mansion was found on the garden of square meters between Kofluyolu and Altunizade. It was built for Sultan Abdülaziz s younger sister Adile Sultan (1853). There is a possibility that its architect is Balyan kalfa. It is three stories including the basement. The bearing structures were made with stone, and other sections were built with special bricks. The ornaments of the dome and the ceilings of some rooms still exist today. The mansion was used as the dormitary for the orphans, which was called Darü leytam during the fi,rst years of the republic. Afterwards, the Education Minister Mustafa Necati Bey founded a prevantorium for the kids with a 60 bed capacity. A section of 100 beds was added on May 27, Another story was added to the top, and it became a health center of 200 beds. It is used today as a facility for teachers. abdülaziz av köflkü abdülaziz hunting villa Adile Sultan Kasr n n bahçesi içinde Altunizade Camii taraf ndad r.köflk, Sultan Abdulaziz ad na yapt r lm flt r.kap s n n iki taraf nda devrinin süslenmifl iki tunç fener vard r.köflkün zeminine renkli çiniler döflenmifltir. Duvarlar da talyan çinileri ile kaplanm flt r.kap dan girince sa köflede minicik flömineye benzeyen bir kahve piflirme oca, solda da mermer yatakl bir çeflme vard r. Çeflmenin üstüne su deposu gibi yerlefltirilen üstüvane (silindir) fleklinde çeflitli renklerle süslü bir tafl vard r. Köflk bugün kahvehane olarak ö retmenlerin hizmetine sunulmufltur. It is in the garden of Adile Sultan mansion and on the Altunizade Mosque part. The villa was built for Abdülaziz. There are two bronze decorated lanterns at its gate. The flooring is made of colored tiles. The walls are covered with Italian tiles. There is an oven to prepare coffe at the entrance resembling a fireplace, and a fountain with marble base on the left side. There is a cylindrical stone decorated with various colors on the marble placed as a water tank. The villa serves as a coffee house for teachers. > Üsküdar Turizm Rehberi

19 19 beylerbeyi saray beylerbeyi palace Önceleri, Bizans mparatoru Konstantinus un diktirdi i haç dolay s yla stavroz Bahçeleri diye adland r lan, daha sonralar lll.murat döneminin Beylerbeyi Mahmut Pafla n n buradaki köflkü dolay s yla Beylerbeyi diye an lmaya bafllanan semtte Bo az Köprüsünün ayaklar n n yan ndad r. Bu günkü saray,1829 da Sultan ll.mahmut un yapt rd ahflap saray n yanmas ndan sonra, Sultan Abdülaziz taraf ndan, y llar aras nda Mimar Serkis Balyan a yapt r lm flt r. Yazl k saray olmas sebebiyle sürekli oturulmayan saray genellikle yabanc konuklar n a rlanmas nda kullan lm flt r. Sultan ll.abdulhamit tahttan indirildikten sonra 1918 e kadar ömrünün son 6 y l n burada geçirmifltir. 3 katl, 6 salonlu ve 26 odal olan saray Harem ve Selaml k olarak 2 ana bölümden oluflur.türk evi tarz nda bir orta sofaya aç lan odalar fleklinde yap lm flt r. Saray bahçesinde, deniz k y s nda haremlik, selaml k yal köflkleri, yamaca do ru setler biçiminde yükselen set bahçeleri ndeki büyük havuzun çevresinde Sar Köflk, içindeki havuzu ve sebiliyle ünlü Mermer Av Köflkü ve Ah r köflkü saray tamamlayan önemli yap lard r.beylerbeyi Saray n n en ilginç yan, Set Bahçeleri nin alt ndan geçen tarih tüneldir. Yusuf zzettin Efendi Köflkü: Bu köflk Büyük Çaml ca n n bat ete inde, su bafl ndad r.osmanl Pad flah Sultan Reflad n Veliahd Yusuf zzettin Efendi nin ad n tafl maktad r.ahflap köflk üç katl d r.üç set halinde yirmi üç dönümlük bahçesi vard r. Vaktiyle ikinci kat n tavan n otuzalt kandilli muhteflem renkli kristal bir avize süslüyordu. Yusuf zzettin Efendi nin k zlar fiükriye ve Mihriflah Sultanlar bu avizeyi Topkap Saray Müzesi ne hediye etmifllerdir.köflk Romanya dan getirilen,zamanla çelikleflen bir çeflit kereste ile yap lm flt r gezelim görelim let s travel - let s see > Üsküdar Tourism Guide

20 20 Earlier, the quarter was named The Gardens of the Cross because of the cross erected by the Byzantinian Emperor Konstantinus, later it was named after the Beylerbeyi Mahmut Pasha of the era of Murat III. The current palace was built by Architect Sarkis Balyan upon the request of Sultan Abdülaziz between , after the burning of the palace built by Sultan Mahmut II in Since it was a summer palace, it was not used continuously and was allocated to foreign guests generally. Sultan Abdülhamit II spent the last 6 years of his life here until 1918 after having been dethroned. It consists of 2 maim sections as Harem and Selaml k, and has 3 stories, 6 halls and 26 rooms. It was constructed in the Turkish style, with rooms opening to a main hall in the middle. The important building completing the palace are villa mansions of haremlik, selaml k at the sea shore in the garden of the palace, Yellow Mansion in the terrace gardens towards the slopes around the big pool, Marble Hunting Villa famous with its pool and fountain and Ah r Villa. The historical tunnel under the terrace gardens is the most interesting part of Beylerbeyi Palace. Yusuf zzettin Efendi Villa: This villa is at the western outskirt of Büyük Çaml ca at the waterfront. It bears the name ofthe heir to the throne and son of the Ottoman Emperor Reflat. The wooden villa has three stories. It has a garden of 23 acres in three terraces. There was a crystal chandelier of thirty-six candles on the ceiling of the second floor once. Ther daughters of Yusuf izzettin Efendi, fiükriye and Mihriflah Sultans donated this chandelier to Topkap Palace museum. The villa was made of timber brought from Romania, which hardened through time. > Üsküdar Turizm Rehberi