NANOMALZEMEYE. Üniversitesi Biyomedikal MühendisliM. hendisliği

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1 NANOMALZEMEYE GİRİŞİŞ Başkent Üniversitesi Biyomedikal MühendisliM hendisliği Yard. Doç.Dr.Dr.. Dilek Çökeliler -Endüstri Müh M h MUH 212-

2 Understanding Size How big (small) are we talking about?

3 Understanding Size 1 meter source: CERN microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

4 Understanding Size 10 centimeters source: CERN microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

5 Understanding Size 1 centimeter source: CERN microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

6 Understanding Size 100 micrometers source: CERN microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

7 Understanding Size 10 micrometers source: CERN microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

8 Understanding Size 1 micrometer source: CERN microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

9 Understanding Size 100 nanometers source: CERN microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

10 Understanding Size 10 nanometers source: CERN microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

11 Understanding Size 1 nanometer source: CERN microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm

12 Perspective Atom 0.1 nm DNA (width) 2 nm Protein 5 50 nm Virus nm Materials internalized by cells < 100 nm Bacteria 1,000 10,000 nm White Blood Cell 10,000 nm

Virus 75 100 nm Materials internalized by

13 Leucippus of Miletus 5th century BC Greek - Democritus of Abdera All matter is made up of undividable particles called atoms There is a void, which is empty space between atoms Atoms are completely solid Atoms are homogeneous, with no internal structure Atoms vary in 1) Size 2) Shape 3) Weight

which is empty space between atoms Atoms are completely solid Atoms are

14 There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom 1959, Richard Feynman Why can t we make them very small, make them of little wires the wires could be 10 or 100 atoms in diameter, and the circuits could be a few [hundred nanometers] across. Dünyayı atom atom şekillendirmek

wires could be 10 or 100 atoms in diameter, and the circuits

15 A Nanotechnology Can Exist There s s Plenty of Room at the Bottom - December 29th 1959 Manipulating and controlling things on a small scale Write the Encyclopedia Brittanica on the head of a pin How do we write small? Information on a small scale Better electron microscopes The marvelous biological system Miniaturizing the computer Miniaturization by evaporation Problems of lubrication A hundred tiny hands Rearranging the atoms Atoms in a small world

Information on a small scale Better electron microscopes The marvelous biological system Miniaturizing the

16 Nanoteknolojideki mil taşları 1905 Albert Einstein: Şeker molekülerin büyüklüğünün hesaplanması 1931 Knoll & Ruska: Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobisi 1968 Cho & Arthur: Yüzey üzerinde tek atomik boyutta tabaka biriktirilmesi 1981 Binning & Rohrer: Taramalı Tünel Mikroskobisi 1986 Eric Drexler: Geleceğin Kitabı Engines of Creation 1991 Sumio Iijima: Karbon nanotüpler 1998 Cees Dekker: Karbon nanotüplerin transistör olarak kullanımı 1999 James Tour: Anahtar olarak kullanılan moleküller 2000 Clinton Hükümeti: Ulusal Nanoteknoloji Kürsüsü

Mikroskobisi 1986 Eric Drexler: Geleceğin Kitabı Engines of Creation 1991 Sumio Iijima: Karbon nanotüpler 1998 Cees Dekker: Karbon

17 K. Eric Drexler Development of the ability to design protein molecules will open a path to the fabrication of devices to complex atomic specifications

18 Engines of Creation PART ONE - THE FOUNDATIONS OF FORESIGHT 1 - Engines of Construction 2 - The Principles of Change 3 - Predicting and Projecting PART TWO - PROFILES OF THE POSSIBLE 4 - Engines of Abundance 5 - Thinking Machines 6 - The World Beyond Earth 7 - Engines of Healing 8 - Long Life in an Open World 9 - A Door to the Future 10 - The Limits to Growth PART THREE - DANGERS AND HOPES 11 - Engines of Destruction 12 - Strategies and Survival 13 - Finding the Facts 14 - The Network of Knowledge 15 - Worlds Enough, and Time

Earth 7 - Engines of Healing 8 - Long Life in an Open World 9 - A Door to the Future 10 - The Limits to Growth PART THREE - DANGERS

19 Fullerenes 1985 (1996) Robert F. Curl Jr. Richard E. Smalley Sir Harold W. Kroto

20 IBM

21 Nanoteknolojik Yapıların Hazırlanması

22 The Theory of SAM the deposition of alkanethiols on gold surface. This application gives a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), which is obtained by immersion of an appropriate substrate into the solution of a surfactant in an organic solvent.there are several types of SAM, e.g. organosilicon on hydroxylated surfaces, alkanethiols, dialkylsulphides and disulphides on gold

23 To activate the monolayer, 100ul each of 1- ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride 46mM EDC and 46mM N- hydroxysuccinimide NHS (both prepared in distilled water)were consecutively placed over the crystal surface with a gentle mixing. These reagents were left to react on the crystal surface for 1 h. After rinsing with distilled water and the reaction buffer, antibody solution The formation of a covalent amide Group between amine groups in antibody

25 Elektrospinning

26 Mikroteknolojik temeller Planar Düzlemsel-Teknoloji. İnce Tabaka Hazırlama Ultraince İnorganik Tabaka Hazırlama ve Yüzeye Bağlı Nanopartiküller Litrografik Maskelerin Fabrikasyonu Aşındırma İşlemleri Paketleme NANOTRIB Cluster Meeting, Manchester, 17/01/2003

27 Mikroteknolojik temeller Planar Düzlemsel-Teknoloji. İnce Tabaka Hazırlama Substrate Yüzeylerine Ön İşlem Gaz Fazından Tabaka Birikimi Evaporasyon Püskürtme-Sputtering- Kimyasal Buhar Birikimi Galvanik Birikim Spin Coating Dönme Kaplama- Gölge Maskeli Birikim

28 Silikon levha yüzeyi

29 C D E F B A

30 Poliakrilatlar R 1 : H R 2 : CH 3 Polymethylacrylate (PMA) R 1 : CH 3 R 2 : CH 3 Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

31 Gölgeli Maske Tekniği

34 Karbon Yapılar lar- Nanotüpler

49 INORGANIK MALZEMELERİN İŞLENMES LENMESİ Yrd. Doç.. Dr. Dilek Çökeliler

52 FIRST STEP SYNTHESIS of MAGNETITE (Fe 3 O 4 ) Parameters Effective on Particle Size Fe 2+ / Fe 3+ Ratio NaOH Concentration Stirring Rate Temperature ph

53 SECOND STEP SYNTHESIS of POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES By Microemulsion Polymerization Monomer : 6.34% wt Surfactant (SDS): 9.3 % wt Dispersed Phase (water): % wt Initiator (KPS): 2.5 mm Magnetite suspension: 1% wt of dispersed phase 65 C, 24 hour; under N 2 atmosphere

54 SECOND STEP SYNTHESIS of POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES Monomers CH 2 CH 3 C C OCH 3 O Methyl methacrylate (MMA) CH 2 C C O OH Acrylic acid (AAc) comonomer ratio of 95/5 (% wt) and 90/10 (% wt)

55 SECOND STEP SYNTHESIS of POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES Parameters Effective on Particle Size Comonomer Ratio Effects of Initiator Type Effects of Initiator (KPS) Concentration Monomer/Surfactant (SDS) Ratio Magnetite/Monomer Ratio

56 Magnetically Loaded Polymeric Particles Iron oxide nanoparticles are formed in the constrained architectures of a polymer gel Iron oxides nanoparticles attached to the surface of polymer particles The typical method based on polymerization is to suspend magnetic particles in the dispersed phase and then polymerize the monomer in the presence of the magnetic particles to form magnetic polymeric particles Suspension Polymerization Dispersion Polymerization Emulsion Polymerization Miniemulsion Polymerization Water/Monomer Microemulsion Polymerization Monomer/water

57 Companies Qiagen Tecan Te-Mags Dynal Promega Polyscience

58 MEMS -NEMS

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