İNGİLİZCE 7 DERS NOTU

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1 T.C. MİLLÎ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞI AÇIK ÖĞRETİM OKULLARI AÇIK ÖĞRETİM LİSESİ MESLEKİ AÇIK ÖĞRETİM LİSESİ İNGİLİZCE 7 DERS NOTU YAZARLAR İrfan BAYGÜL Gürsel YEŞİLOĞLU ANKARA 2014

2 MEB HAYAT BOYU ÖĞRENME GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ YAYINLARI AÇIK ÖĞRETİM OKULLARI DERS NOTLARI DİZİSİ Copyright MEB Her hakkı saklıdır ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına aittir. Tümü ya da bölümleri izin alınmadan hiçbir şekilde çoğaltılamaz, basılamaz ve dağıtılamaz. Yazar Grafik : İrfan BAYGÜL / Gürsel YEŞİLOĞLU : Hatice DEMİRER Resimleme : Sevgi MERT Kapak : Güler ALTUNÖZ

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7 İÇİNDEKİLER 1. ÜNİTE TOURISM Part One Health Tourism (Sağlık Turizmi) 11 Part Two Usage of Adjective+ Preposition (Sıfat+Edat Kullanımı) 15 Test ÜNİTE EDUCATION Part One Distance Education (Uzaktan Eğitim) 35 Part Two Reported Speech (Dolaylı Aktarım) 39 Test ÜNİTE CULTURE Part One Nasreddin Hodja 59 Part Two Present Perfect Tense 62 Present Perfect Continuous Tense 67 Test ÜNİTE LANGUAGE Part One English Around The World 81 Part Two Past Perfect Tense 84 Past Perfect Continuous Tense 87 Test _ 91

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9 UNIT ONE TOURISM (TURİZM)

10 NELER ÖĞRENECEĞİZ? Bu ünitenin sonunda; 1. Sağlık turizmi ile ilgili bir okuma parçasını okuyup anlayabilecek konu ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabilecek, 2. Sıfat - edat kombinasyonlarının cümlede nasıl kullanıldıklarını öğreneceksiniz. NASIL ÇALIŞMALIYIZ Konuyu dikkatle okuyunuz. Konuda geçen yeni kelimeleri öğreniniz. Konu içinde karşılaştığınız yeni kavramları öğreniniz. Alıştırmaları yapmadan önce örnekleri dikkatlice inceleyiniz. Alıştırmaları ve testleri çözdükten sonra kontrol edip yanlış yaptığınız alıştırmaları ve testlerin konularına tekrar çalışınız. 10

11 Health Tourism (Sağlık Turizmi) Tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean and Mediterranean Sea coasts. In the recent years, Turkey has also become a popular seaside for culture, spa, and health care tourism. Every year, Turkey attracts more than 30 million foreign tourists, ranking as the 6th most popular tourist destination in the world. PART ONE A visit to Turkey would not be complete without a stop at one of the country s better known spas, to a health problem. The natural hot springs have been renowned since antique age. The ancient city of Hierapolis was built on the site of the rich mineral waters of Pamukkale. Lycians bathed in the mineral-rich mud near Köycegiz Lake. The Balçova hot springs in İzmir were also used in health therapy in Roman times. Bursa which has an important role in health tourism has many hot springs. Ottomans built a large complex of domed baths during the reign of Murat I on the site of an earlier Roman and Byzantine baths complex. In the Central Anatolian Region, there is an extraordinary spa which is unique in the world. It is visited by people searching for cures from all over the world. This healing spa is called Kangal Hot Spring with Fish and it is only 13 km from Kangal town in the province of Sivas. The beneficial waters of 36 C contain bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium and also many small fish (2-10 cm long), which play a vital part in curing various skin diseases. There are also other thermal spas which cures different kinds of illnesses all over the country. It can be said that Turkey is a paradise of spas. 11

12 According to the researches, Turkish tourism will continue to grow at a higher rate than the European and the world average and the future prospects in the long term seem also to be very bright for Turkish tourism. For our country to evaluate its natural beauty as tourist income, it is inevitable to spread the tourism investments in 12 months. Health tourism is the most important alternative tourism branch. Nowadays with the awareness of being healthy there is a sensation towards health tourism. Turkey, with respect to thermal sources took its place 7th in the world and 1st in Europe. In short our country which is a tourism paradise is in the position to give as a source and potential health tourism for the world. Unknown Words: (Bilinmeyen Kelimeler) focused : odaklanmak historical sites : tarihi yerler seaside : deniz kenarı destination : hedef, gaye spa : kaplıca, içme ranking : sıralama treat : tedavi etmek renowned : bilinen mineral-rich mud : mineral bakımından zengin çamur hot springs : sıcak su domed baths : kubbeli hamam(osmanlı hamamı) reign : saltanat Byzantine : Bizans extraordinary : olağandışı unique : benzersiz cure : tedavi healing : şifalı province : bölge beneficial : faydalı paradise : cennet researches : araştırmalar 12

13 average : ortalama prospects : beklentiler inevitable : kaçınılmaz investments : yatırımlar spread : yayılmak awareness : farkındalık sensation : his respect : ilgi sources : kaynaklar 1. Parçaya göre doğru olan kelimeyi işaretleyiniz. 1. In the recent years, Turkey has / hasn t become a popular destination for culture, spa, and health care tourism. 2. Turkey is /isn t the 6th popular tourist destination in the world. 3. The ancient city of Byzantine /Hierapolis was built on the site of the rich mineral waters of Pamukkale. 4. Lycians bathed in the mineral-rich mud/water near Köycegiz Lake. 5. The Balcova hot springs in İzmir were also used in health therapy in Roman/ Byzantine times. 2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun kelimelerle doldurunuz. 1. Bursa which has an important role in health tourism has Ottomans built a large complex of In the Central Anatolian Region, there is an extraordinary spa which is... in the world. 4. The beneficial waters of 36 C contain...,... and magnesium. 13

14 5. Health tourism is the most important... branch. 3. Metni okuyunuz ve soruları cevaplandırınız. 1. What is the tourism in Turkey focused largely on? 2. How many foreign tourists do Turkey attracts every year? 3. Were the Balçova hot springs in İzmir also used in health therapy in Roman times? 4. What did Ottomans do during the reign of Murat I on the site of an earlier Roman and Byzantine baths complex? 5. What kind of a disease do the small fish cure? 14

15 PART TWO Adjective Preposition Combinations (Sıfat-Edat Kombinasyonları) İngilizcede sıfatlar(adjectives) isimlerin nitelik ve niceliklerini bildiren kelimelerdir. Varlıkların nasıl olduklarını, sayılarını bildirirler; yerlerini işaret ederler. İngilizce sıfatlar, isimlerden önce gelir. Edatlar(prepositions) ise cümle içinde, sözcükler arasında anlam ilgisi kuran kelimelerdir. Bu sözcükler ile diğer sözcükler arasındaki anlam ilgisi; hareket, zaman, yer ve mantık bakımından olmaktadır. Sıfat + edat kombinasyonu bir kişinin bir konu hakkındaki tutumunu anlatmak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu sıfatlar be (olmak) fiili ile birlikte kullanılır. be fiili sıfat + edat kombinasyonunun önüne gelir. Subject + to be + adjective + preposition + object Özne + to be + sıfat + edat + nesne I am afraid of dogs. (Köpeklerden korkarım.) Of afraid of: korkmak My little sister is afraid of spiders. (Küçük kız kardeşim örümcekten korkar.) 15

16 She is afraid of failure. (Başarısızlıktan korkuyor.) I am afraid of my boss. (Patronumdan korkarım.) Full of: Bir şeyle dolu olmak This village is full of new cars. (Bu kasaba yeni arabalarla dolu.) The room is full of flowers. (Oda çiçeklerle dolu.) The garden is full of trees. (Bahçe ağaçlarla dolu.) 16

17 Proud of: birisiyle / bir şeyle gurur duymak I am proud of my son. (Oğlumla gurur duyuyorum.) We are proud of the success of our national team. (Millî takımımızın başarılarıyla gurur duyuyoruz.) You should be proud of yourself. (Kendinle gurur duymalısın.) Ashamed of someone or something: bir şeyden/birinden utanmak She s ashamed of her grades. (Kötü notlarından dolayı utanıyor.) He is ashamed of his bad behaviors. (Kötü davranışlarından utanıyor.) Don t be ashamed of me, I am your friend. (Benden utanma, ben senin arkadaşınım.) Fond of someone or something: düşkün olmak She is fond of her nephew. (Yeğenine çok düşkündür.) The old woman is fond of animals. (Yaşlı kadın hayvanlara düşkündür.) Are you fond of your children? (Çocuklarına düşkün müsün?) 17

18 For Bad for: Zararlı olmak Eating much is bad for health. (Çok yemek sağlığa zararlıdır.) Aerosol gases are bad for the ozone layer. (Aerosol gazlar ozon tabakası için zararlıdır.) Smoking is bad for health. (Sigara sağlığa zararlıdır.) Famous for: Bir şeyle ünlü olmak What is your hometown famous for? (Memleketin ne ile ünlü?) Gaziantep is famous for its baklava. (Gaziantep baklavasıyla ünlüdür.) This village is famous for its historical sites. (Bu kasaba tarihî yerleri ile ünlüdür.) 18

19 Late for: Bir şeye / yere geç kalmak Recep is always late for his appointments. (Recep her zaman randevularına geç kalır.) Wake up! Don t be late for work. (Kalk! İşe geç kalma.) If you hurry up, we won t be late for the school. (Acele edersen okula geç kalmayacağız.) Responsible for: Bir şeyden sorumlu olmak The headmaster is responsible for the school. (Müdür okuldan sorumludur.) You are responsible for your behaviors. (Davranışlarından sorumlusun.) 19

20 Who is responsible for this situation? (Bu durumdan kim sorumlu?) Ready for: Bir şey için hazır olmak Are you ready for your wedding? (Düğününe hazır mısın?) I am not ready for a new job. (Yeni bir işe hazır değilim.) With busy with: Bir şeyle meşgul olmak I am busy with the reports. (Raporlarla meşgulüm.) Linda is busy with her customer at the moment. (Linda şu anda müşterisiyle meşgul.) Timmy is busy with his lessons. (Timmy dersleriyle meşgul.) Familiar with: Alışık, aşina olmak I am not familiar with Chinese traditions. (Çin geleneklerine aşina değilim.) 20

21 Are you familiar with this machine? (Bu makineye alışık mısın?) I am familiar with these kind of problems. (Bu tür problemlere alışığım.) Disappointed with something: Hayal kırıklığına uğramak I am disappointed with my new computer. (Yeni bilgisayarım beni hayal kırıklığına uğrattı.) I am disappointed with you. (Beni hayal kırıklığına uğrattın.) She is disappointed with her new car. (Yeni arabası onu hayal kırıklığına uğrattı.) Pleased with: Hoşnut / memnun kalmak I am pleased with you. (Ben senden memnunum.) Are you pleased with the service? (Servisten memnun kaldınız mı?) I am pleased with my new house. (Yeni evimden memnunum.) 21

22 About Crazy about: Bir şeyi deli gibi sevmek Ayla is crazy about ice cream. (Ayla dondurmayı deli gibi sever.) Ayla is crazy about ice cream. Dan is crazy about football. (Dan futbolu deli gibi sever.) Are you crazy about pets? (Evcil hayvanları sever misin?) Worried about: Birisiyle / bir şeyle ilgili endişeli olmak Mothers always worry about their children. (Anneler her zaman çocuklarından endişelenirler.) I was worried about you, why didn t you call? (Senin için endişelendim, neden aramadın?) Why are you worried about your son? He is twenty years old. (Neden oğlundan endişeleniyorsun? O yirmi yaşında.) 22

23 From Different from: Farklı olmak This project is different form the others. (Bu proje diğerlerinden farklı.) Our government is different from the previous ones. (Hükümetimiz geçmiş hükümetlerden farklıdır.) A motorbike is different from a bicycle. (Bir motosiklet bisikletten farklıdır.) At Good at: Bir şeyde iyi olmak Are you good at singing folk songs? (Halk müziği söylemede iyimisin?) My mother isn t good at playing chess. (Annem satranç oynamada iyi değildir.) 23

24 I am good at finding directions. (Yön bulmada iyiyim.) Bad at: Bir şeyde kötü olmak My wife is bad at driving car. (Eşim araba sürmede kötüdür.) Why are you so bad at finding your way? (Yönünü bulmada neden bu kadar kötüsün?) I am bad at playing tennis. (Tenis oynamada kötüyüm.) In Interested in: Bir şeyle ilgilenmek, ilgili olmak Mr Johnson is interested in mountain sports. (Bay Johnson dağ sporları ile ilgilenir.) Ali is interested in collecting stamps. (Ali pul biriktirmeyle ilgilenir.) Are you interested in riding bicycle? (Bisiklet sürmeyle igilenir misin?) On Keen on: Bir şeye istekli olmak,düşkün olmak My uncle is keen on her children. (Amcam çocuklarına düşkündür.) 24

25 The young man is keen on riding bicycle. (Genç adam bisiklet sürmeye düşkündür.) Mothers are keen on their children. (Anneler çocuklarına düşkündürler.) To Similar to: Bir şeye benzer olmak This bridge is similar to Bosphorus bridge. (Bu köprü Boğaz Köprüsü ne benziyor.) Your problem is similar to mine. (Senin problemin benim problemime benziyor.) 25

26 Your solution of the problem is similar to mine. (Senin problemi çözüş yöntemin benimkine benzer.) 1. Aşağıdaki sıfat ve edatları eşleştiriniz. 1 similar a from 2 keen b of 3 different c for 4 disappointed d about 5 ready e to 6 afraid f with 7 good g on 8 crazy h at 2. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları verilen edatlarla doldurunuz. on for of in at to from with 1. She is very keen... horses. 2. England is famous... its rainy weather. 3. I m very proud... my daughter, she worked very hard. 4. She is interested... playing chess. 5. Unfortunately, I m very bad... geography. 6. My niece is afraid... dogs. 7. What is your town famous...? 8. That bike is similar... yours. 9. Are you pleased... your new house? 10. English language is different. French. 26

27 3. Aşağıda verilen kelimeleri cümlelerdeki boşluklara yerleştiriniz. interested full proud different good(2) crazy pleased famous afraid 1. Mustafa is extremely... at teaching English. 2. He isn t... of anything. 3. Paris is... for its tower. 4. I am... in collecting sea shells. 5. Are you... at riding horse. 6. Julie is very... from her sister. 7. You should be... of yourself. 8. Are you... with your new house? 9. Dan is... about chocolate 10. The vase is... of flowers. 27

28 UNIT ONE (TEST) 1. They enjoyed their holiday but we they disappointed... their hotel. A) to B) in C) of D) with 2. Tom wasn t very keen... going to the theatre with you. A) to B) about C) on D) from 3. My uncle is interested... archery. A) about B) in C) at D) to 4. My cousin doesn t go out in the evening because she s afraid... the dark A) of B) about C) with D) to 5. He is very fond... animals. A) to B) of C) in D) at 28

29 6. Turan is good... playing chess. A) in B) of C) at D) for 7. We ve got enough to eat. The fridge is full... food. A) to B) in C) at D) of 8. Are you interested... basketball? A) in B) at C) under D) for 9. Your shoes are similar... mine but they are not exactly the same. A) for B) in C) to D) at 10. We stayed at home because Mary wasn t very keen... going out in the rain. A) with B) about C) from D) on 29

30 11. The letter was full... mistakes. A) to B) of C) in D) at 12. I am not familiar... Chinese food. A) with B) on C) from D) about 13. Ali is interested... collecting stamps. A) about B) for C) on D) in 14. Who is keen... art? A) about B) on C) with D) to 15. Mary is fond... animals. A) to B) at C) of D) about 30

31 16. I m very... at mathematics. A) bad B) slim C) interested D) fond 17. A car is... from a bus. A) similar B) different C) same D) keen 18. I am... of flying. A) good B) bad C) famous D) afraid 19. I am... with your marks. You could do better. A) interested B) disappointed C) good D) bad 20. Antalya is... for its sun. A) busy B) please C) worried D) famous 31

32 21. Are you... on travelling. A) ready B) interested C) keen D) worried 22. I am... of my new car. A) fond B) good C) bad D) busy 23. The little girl is... about dolls. A) interested B) crazy C) familiar D) famous 24. Don t be... of my dog. It is very friendly. A) good B) similar C) afraid D) worried 25. Her dress is very... to mine. A) similar B) different C) interested D) keen 32

33 UNIT TWO EDUCATION (EĞİTİM)

34 NELER ÖĞRENECEĞİZ? Bu ünitenin sonunda; 1. Uzaktan eğitim ile ilgil ibir okuma parçasını okuyup anlayabilecek, konu ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabilecek, 2. Bir kişinin söylediği bir sözü başka birisine nasıl aktarabileceğinizi öğreneceksiniz. NASIL ÇALIŞMALIYIZ Konuyu dikkatle okuyunuz. Konuda geçen yeni kelimeleri öğreniniz. Alıştırmaları yapmadan önce örnekleri dikkatlice okuyunuz. Alıştırmaları ve testleri çözdükten sonra kontrol edip yanlış yaptığınız alıştırmaları ve testlerin konularına tekrar çalışınız. 34

35 PART ONE Distance Education (Uzaktan Eğitim) Distance education or distance learning is a model of delivering education and teaching, often on an individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional setting such as a classroom. In distance education you do not need to attend the classes at school. This type of education is not new. It is widely used all over the world. Distance education dates to 1728, in an advertisement in the Boston Gazette. A teacher named Caleb Phillips, was seeking students for lessons to be sent weekly. Modern distance education initially relied on the development of postal services in the 19th century and has been practiced at least since 1840s. The University of London began its external programme in It is one of the top distance learning universities in the world. The university offers courses including degrees, diplomas and certificates. Most courses are available throughout Europe and some are available worldwide. Since 1989, In America the University of Phoenix has been offering online distance learning education. Students can earn a bachelors, masters or doctoral degree online. In Australia the University of Sothern Queensland offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs to off-campus students across Australia and internationally. The governments are responsible to give education to students who, for one reason or another, could not go to school. In Turkey Anadolu University is the leader of distance education which was established in 1982 in Eskişehir. The university has nearly students who get distance education among Turkey. As a distance education student, you can study wherever, whenever and whatever you want. It s your choice.you don t have to worry about being at lectures. You have the convenience of course materials being delivered to your home or office; you can also watch the lesson from the television. For some 35

36 people whose job requires regular travel or irregular working hours, distance learning may be the only way they improve their qualifications. In most cases, students have choice of when to study and how quickly they progress through the programme. So a great variety of people prefer to be a distance student because of the benefits we mentioned above. Unknown Words (Bilinmeyen Kelimeler) mode : biçim, tür delivering : hizmet sunumu individual basis : bireysel bazda advertisement : reklam seeking : aramak initially : başlangıçta rely : dayanmak development : gelişme postal service : posta servisi offer : sunmak available : yararlanılabilir bachelors degree : diploma undergraduate : lisans postgraduate : doktora off campus students : uzaktan eğitim alan öğrenciler responsible : sorumlu established : kurulmak choice : seçim delivered : gönderilmek requires : gerektirmek improve : geliştirmek qualifications : nitelikler 36

37 case progress benefits : durum : gelişme, ilerleme : faydalar 1. Doğru olan kelimeyi işaretleyiniz. 1. The University of London started developing distance learning programmes in the 18th / 19th century. 2. In distance education you need to / do not need to attend the classes at school. 3. The governments are responsible / are not responsible to give education to students who, for one reason or another, could not go to school. 4. A distant learner can watch / listen the lesson from the television. 5. Only a few / A great variety of people prefer to be a distance student. 2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun kelimelerle doldurunuz. 1. Modern distance education initially... the development of postal services are responsible to give education to students who, for one reason or another, could not go to school. 3. In Australia the University of Southern Queensland offers a wide range of... and... programs. 4. If you get distance education materials will be... to your home or Office. 5. For people whose job requires...distance learning may be the only way they improve their qualif ications. 37

38 3. Soruları parçaya göre cevaplandırınız. 1. Do you need to go to school in distance education? 2. Who started distance education f irst? 3. Which university began distance education f irst? 4. Does Anodolu University give distance education in Turkey? 5. Can the lessons be watched form the television? 38

39 PART TWO Reported Speech (Dolaylı Aktarım) Reported Speech (dolaylı aktarım ) birisinin söylediği bir sözü, bir cümleyi bir başkasına aktarmaktır. Eğer aktarılan eylem geçmişte yapılmış ise cümle geçmiş zamana dönüştürülür. Bu aktarılacak cümleyi bulunduğu zamandan bir geçmiş zamana dönüştürerek yapılır. Dolaylı aktarım yapılırken cümlede bazı değişiklikler yapılır (özne, zamir, zaman zarfı gibi). Aşağıdaki cümleleri dikkatle inceleyiniz: Düz Cümle Hasan: I don t want to live in this house anymore. (Hasan: Bu evde daha fazla yaşamak istemiyorum. dedi.) Aktarılmış Cümle Hasan said that he didn t want to live in that house anymore. (Hasan bu evde daha fazla yaşamak istemediğini söyledi.) Düz Cümle Ayşe I study my lessons regularly. (Ayşe Derslerime düzenli olarak çalışırım dedi.) Ayşe said that she studied her lessons regularly. (Ayşe derslerine düzenli olarak çalıştığını söyledi.) Dolaylı aktarım cümlesindeki aktarım fiili (genellikle say ve tell kullanılır.) 1. hâlde (v1) ise nakledilen cümlenin zamanında hiçbir değişiklik yapılmaz. Linda: We are friends. (Linda: Biz arkadaşız. ) Linda says (that) they are friends. (Linda onların arkadaş olduklarını söyler.) My brother: I don t want go there. (Kardeşim: Oraya gitmek istemiyorum. ) 39

40 My brother says he doesn t want to go there. (Erkek kardeşim oraya gitmek istemediğini söylüyor.) Aşağıdaki kelimeler de aktarılan cümlenin anlamına bağlı olarak değişebi- here there (burası - orası) these those (bunlar - onlar) this that (bu - şu) today that day (???????) (bu gün - o gün) yesterday the previous day (dün - önceki gün) ago before (önce - önce) last week the previous week (geçen hafta - önceki hafta) tomrrow the next day (yarın - ertesi gün) next week te following week, (gelecek hafta - sonraki hafta) lir: now then (şimdi - o zaman) next year the following year (gelecek yıl - sonraki yıl) Dolaylı aktarım cümlesindeki aktarım fiili 2. hâlde ( said told ) ise nakledilen cümlenin zamanı bir derece geçmişe dönüştürülür. Aşağıdaki tabloyu inceleyiniz: Direct speech Simple Present He said. I am a doctor. ( Ben bir doktorum dedi.) Present Continuous She said. I am not sleeping ( Uyumuyorum. dedi.) Simple Past He said, We went shopping. ( Alışverişe gittik. dedi.) Indirect Speech Past Simple He said he was a doctor. (Bir doktor olduğunu söyledi.) Past Continuous She said she wasn t sleeping. (Uyumadığını söyledi.) Past Perfect He said they had gone shopping. (Alışverişe gittiklerini söyledi.) 40

41 Past Continuous He said: I was watching TV last night. (Dün akşam televizyon seyrediyordum.) Present Perfect I have seen this film before. he said. ( Bu filmi önceden görmüştüm. dedi.) Will He said. I will wash my hands. ( Ellerimi yıkayacağım. dedi.) am / is / are going to He said I am going to find a new job. Yeni bir iş bulacağım. dedi. Must He said: I must sleep. ( Uyumalıyım. dedi.) May We may go to the party he said. ( Partiye gidebiliriz. dedi.) Can He said: I can come tonight. Bu akşam gelebilirim. dedi. Have to He said: I have to give Ken a call. Ken i aramam gerekiyor. dedi. Past Perfect Continuous He said he had been watching TV the previous night. (Dün akşam televizyon seyrettiğini söyledi.) Past Perfect He said he had seen that film before. (O filmi daha önce izlemiş olduğunu söyledi.) Would He said he would wash his hands. (Ellerini yıkayacağını söyledi.) was / were going to He said he was going to find a new job. (Yeni bir iş bulacağını söyledi.) Had to He said he had to sleep. (Uyuması gerektiğini söyledi.) Might He said they might go to the party. (Partiye gidebileceklerini söyledi.) Could He said he could come that night. (O akşam gelebileceğini söyledi.) Had to He said he had to give Ken a call. (Ken i araması gerektiğini söyledi.) 41

42 Özet olarak direct bir cümle indirect cümleye çevirirken; 1. Tırnak ve iki nokta kaldırılır. 2. Sözü söyleyene göre özne değiştirilir. 3. Sözün söylendiği kişiye göre zamir değiştirilir. 4. Cümledeki yer ve zaman zarfları konuşulan yere ve zamana göre değiştirilir. 5. Giriş fiili v1 ise tırnak içindeki cümlenin zamanı değişmez. 6. Giriş fiili v2 ise tırnak içindeki cümlenin zamanı bir derece geçmişe dönüştürülür. 4. Aşağıdaki cümleleri dolaylı aktarıma çeviriniz. 1. Tom: Linda is at school. Tom said that Mahir: Fevzi always reads history book. Mahir said that Sinem: I m listening to music. Sinem said that Selim Didem is ill. Selim said that Pelin: My daughter helped me with the housework. Pelin said that Recep: I am going to ride a crossbike. Recep said that Ali to Ahmet: We have cleaned the car. Ali told Ahmet that Cihan: I didn t have time to water the flowers. Cihan said that

43 9. Mrs Anderson: My brother will be a doctor. Mrs Anderson said that Jale: You must do your duty. Jale said that.... Imperatives in Reported Speech (Dolaylı Aktarımda Emir cümleleri) Emir cümlelerinde genellikle özneden sonra tell + pronoun (tell + zamir) getirilir ve fiilden önce to kullanılır. He said: Close the door. He said: Close the door. (Kapıyı kapat) dedi. He told me to close the door. (Bana kapıyı kapamamı söyledi.) They said: Play with us, Henry. ( Bizimle oyna Henry. dediler.) They told Henry to play with them. (Henry ye onlarla oynamasını söylediler.) 43

44 Olumsuz cümlelerde to dan önce not getirilir. He said: Don t make noise. ( Gürültü yapma. dedi.) He told me not to make noise. (Gürültü yapmamamı söyledi.) They said: Don t study here. ( Burada çalışma dedi.) They told me not to study there. (Bana orada çalışmamamı söylediler.) 5. Aşağıdaki emir cümlelerini dolaylı aktarıma çeviriniz. 1. Ali: Clean the backboard! Andrew told me Recep: Write a formal letter! Recep told me Nedim: Help me with my homework! Nedim told me My mother: Tidy your room! My mother told me

45 5. Ayşe: Open the window! Ayşe told me Tarık: Come with me! Tarık told me My father: Do your homework! My father told me Dennis: Go to your room! Dennis told me Sinem: Come with me shopping! Sinem told me Thomas: Check your s! Thomas told me.... Questions in Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatımda Soru Cümleleri) Dolaylı aktarımda sorular düz cümleye çevrilir. Ask, want to know gibi fiiller kullanılır. Soru cümlelerinin dolaylı aktarıma çevrilmesi iki şekilde olmaktadır: 1. Yardımcı fiille başlayan soru cümleleri 2. Soru kelimeleriyle başlayan soru cümleleri 1. Yardımcı Fiille Başlayan Soru Cümleleri (yes / no questions) If veya whether kullanılarak dolaylı aktarıma dönüştürülür. David said: Do you have any time, Tom? (David: Vaktin var mı Tom? dedi.) David asked Tom if he had any money. (David Tom a vaktinin olup olmadığını sordu.) 45

46 Were you ill? he said. ( Hasta mıydın? dedi.) He wanted to know if I had been ill. (Hasta olup olmadığımı bilmek istedi.) Did you go to school? he said. ( Okula gittin mi? dedi.) He wanted to know whether I had gone to school. (Okula gidip gitmediğimi öğrenmek istedi.) My sister said: Did you buy a new hat? (Kız kardeşim: Yeni bir şapka mı satın aldın? dedi.) My sister asked me if I had bought a new hat. (Kız kardeşim yeni bir şapka satın alıp almadığımı sordu.) 2. Soru Kelimeleriyle Başlayan Soru Cümleleri (Wh Question) Bu cümleleri dolaylı aktarıma dönüştürürken cümle soru hâlinden çıkartılır ancak soru kelimeleri cümle içerisinde muhafaza edilir. He said: What are you going to do with that hammer? ( O çekiçle ne yapacaksın? dedi.) 46

47 He wanted to know what I was going to do with that hammer. (O çekiçle ne yapacağımı öğrenmek istedi.) Where has your father gone, Emre? (Ali amca: Baban nereye gitti Emre? ) Uncle Ali asked Emre where his father had gone to. (Ali amca Emre ye babasının nereye gittiğini sordu.) My mother said: Why are you sad? ( Neden üzgünsün? dedi annem.) My mother asked why I was sad. (Annem neden üzgün olduğumu sordu.) Melinda asked me: Where will you go at the weekend? (Melinda bana sordu. Hafta sonu nereye gideceksin.) Melinda asked me where I would go at the weekend. (Melinda bana hafta sonu nereye gideceğimi sordu.) My father asked me: How many lessons have yo got? (Babam bana sordu. Kaç dersin var? ) 47

48 My father asked me how many lessons I had got. (Babam bana kaç dersim olduğunu sordu.) The teacher asked: Whose bag is that on the table? (Öğretmen sordu: Masanın üzerindeki kimin çantası? ) The teacher asked whose bag that was on the table. (Öğretmen, masanının üzerindeki çantanın kimin olduğunu sordu.) 6. Aşağıdaki soru cümlelerini dolaylı aktarıma çeviriniz. 1. My mother: Where are my glasses? My mother asked me Nancy: Why didn t you go there? Nancy wanted to know

49 3. Betül: When will you go? Betül wanted to know Rita: Where do you go at the weekends? Rita asked me Emin When did you watch Fetih 1453? Emin asked me Mesut: Who helped you? Mesut asked me Berk: Where do you play football? Berk wanted to know Hale: What are you doing now? Hale asked me Fatih: How much money did you spend? Fatih wanted to know Jale: Who gave you the laptop? Jale wanted to know Aşağıdaki cümleleri dolaylı aktarıma çeviriniz. 1. Ceyda: Do you want to drink something hot? Ceyda asked me Metin: Has your brother arrived? Metin asked me Anıl: Will you come wih me to play football? Anıl asked me if The doctor to the children: Don t make noise in the hospital. The doctor told the children

50 5. A man: When does the Karesi express leave? A man asked me My borther Help me! My brother told me Eva: Must I clean the kitcken? Eva asked Recep: Are you leaving now? Recep asked me Davud: Will it rain at the weekend? Davud asked me Lale: Did Melih go to Adana two weeks ago? Lale wanted to know

51 UNIT TWO (TEST) 1. Rahmi said: I want to renew my domain.. A) Rahmi said that I wanted to renew my domain. B) Rahmi said that he wanted to renew his domain. C) Rahmi said that he would renew my domain. D) Rahmi said that he renewed his domain. 2. Gizem said: I can t upload the files. A) Gizem said that she couldn t upload the files. B) Gizem said me that she can upload the files. C) Gizem said that she can uploaded the files. D) Gizem said I couuld uploaded the files. 3. Semih said: Mahmut speaks English very well. A) Semih said that Mahmut spoke English very well. B) Semih said that Mahmut speaked English very well. C) Semih said that Mahmut had speak English very well. D) Semih said that Mahmut speaks English very well. 4. Amanda said: I have to leave. A) Amanda said that I have to leave. B) Amanda s aid that she has to leave. C) Amanda said that she has had to leave. D) Amanda said that she had to leave. 5. Semih said: I have already written ten letters. A) Semih said that he had already written ten letters. B) Semih said that he wrote ten letters. C) Semih said that he has writing ten letters. D) Semih said that he could have write ten letter. 51

52 6. Ceyda said: Mine has had a baby. A) Ceyda said Mine has had a baby. B) Ceyda said Mine had had a baby. C) Ceyda said Mine had a baby. D) Ceyda said Mine has a baby. 7. The teacher: You have to study hard for the exam. A) The teacher said that I have to study hard for the exam. B) The teacher said that I have had to study hard for the exam. C) The teacher said that I am having to study hard for the exam. D) The teacher said that I had to study hard for the exam. 8. My mother said: I am waiting for the milkman. A) My mother said that she is waiting for the milkman. B) My mother said that she was waiting for the milkman. C) My mother said will be waiting for the milkman. D) My mother said she waits for the milkman. 9. Ali said: I work 8 hours a day. A) He said that he work 8 hours a day. B) He said that he has worked 8 hours a day C) He said that I works 8 hours a day. D) He said that he worked 8 hours a day. 10. The policeman: You cant park here. A) The policeman said that I won t park there. B) The policeman said that I could park there. C) The policeman said that I will park there. D) The policeman said that I couldn t park there. 52

53 11. My mother: Do the washing-up! A) My mother asked me if I do the washing-up! B) My mother asked me the washing-up. C) My mother told me to do the washing-up. D) My mother told me do the washing-up. 12. The old lady: Help me carry my bags A) The old lady told me to help her to carry her bag. B) The old lady told me help her carry her bag. C) The old lady told help my bags to carry. D) The old lady told you to help me carry my bag. 13. Thomas: Wait for me! A) Thomas told him to wait foryou. B) Thomas told me waiting for me. C) Thomas told me wait for me. D) Thomas told me to wait for him. 14. My mother: Eat your dinner! A) My mother told me to eat my dinner. B) My mother told me you eat your dinner. C) My mother told me to eat your dinner. D) My mother told me eat my dinner. 15. My grandfather: Do you like chocolate? A) My grandfather asked me if I liked chocolate. B) My grandfather asked me do you like chocolate. C) My grandfather asked if I like chocolate? D) My grandfather said I like chocolate. 53

54 16. The manager: I m leaving tomorrow. A) The manager said that he left the next day. B) The manager said that he was leaving the next day. C) The manager said that he is leaving the next day. D) The manager said that he was leaving tomorrow. 17. The lady: Help me. A) The lady asked me to help. B) The lady asked me not to help. C) The lady asked help me. D) The lady said help me. 18. My friend: Do you go on holiday every summer? A) My friend wanted to know if I go on holiday every summer. B) My friend wanted to know if I went on holiday every summer. C) My friend wanted to know did I go on holiday every summer. D) My friend wanted to know do I go on holiday every summer. 19. The sports teacher: How often do you play basketball? A) The sports teacher asked how often do you play basketball. B) The sports teacher asked how often do you played basketball C) The sports teacher asked how often I played basketball? D) The sports teacher asked How often do you play basketball? 20. My father: Is it cold outside? A) My father wanted to know was it cold outside. B) My father wanted to know if it was cold outside. C) My father wanted to know if it is cold outside. D) My father wanted to know if it did cold outside. 54

55 21. The man: Is the bus stop near the train station? A) The man asked if the bus stop was near the train station. B) The man asked is the bus stop near the train station? C) The man asked wheather the bus stop be near the train station? D) The man asked were the bus stop near the train station? 22. My aunt: Are Emre and Ayşe from Ankara? A) My aunt asked if Emre and Ayşe were from Ankara? B) My aunt asked if Emre and Ayşe will be from Ankara? C) My aunt asked are Emre and Ayşe from Ankara? D) My aunt asked do and Ayşe from Ankara? 23. The judge: Tell me the truth. A) The judge told me to told the truth. B) The judge told me to tell the truth. C) The judge told if I tell the truth to him. D) The judge told me not to tell the truth. 24. Ali to Ayla: I ll come and help you. A) Ali told Ayla that she come and help her. B) Ali told Ayla that she will be come and help her. C) Ali told Ayla that she will come and help her. D) Ali told Ayla that she would come and help her. 25. Ayşe: Does it snow a lot in Yozgat in winter? A) Ayşe asked me if it snowed a lot in Yozgat in winter. B) Ayşe asked does it snow a lot in Yozgat in winter. C) Ayşe asked if it snow a lot in Yozgat in winter. D) Ayşe asked if it is snowing a lot in winter. 55

56

57 UNIT THREE CULTURE (KÜLTÜR)

58 NELER ÖĞRENECEĞİZ? Bu ünitenin sonunda; 1. Bir biyografi okuyacak, konu ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabileceksiniz. 2. Geçmişte olmuş ve etkisi devam eden olayları anlatabilecek, 3. Geçmişte başlamış ve hâlâ devam eden olayları anlatabileceksiniz. NASIL ÇALIŞMALIYIZ Konuyu dikkatle okuyunuz. Konuda geçen yeni kelimeleri öğreniniz. Alıştırmaları yapmadan önce örnekleri dikkatle inceleyiniz. Alıştırmaları ve testleri çözdükten sonra kontrol edip yanlış yaptığınız alıştırmaları ve testlerin konularına tekrar çalışınız. 58

59 PART ONE Nasreddin Hodja Nasreddin Hodja was born in the village of Hortu in Sivrihisar in 1208 and died in Akşehir in His tomb is in Akşehir. He was first educated by his father Abdullah Effendi, who was the imam of the village he was born in. Then he studied at Sivrihisar and Konya Madrasahs. After he finished his education, he worked as an imam in his village in place of his father. Besides that he worked as an assistant cadi and a madrasah teacher, and learnt sufism from Seyyid Mohammed Hayrani. Nasreddin Hodja devoted his life to showing people the right path, telling them what s good, leading them to the truth, and advising them to avoid evil-doing. When he was doing this, he used a method of his own. He used to tell what was right; and in order to amend the corrupt sides of society, he used to explain the matter briefly making quite allusive jokes and using a language which the public could understand easily. 59

60 Each of his banters is like a proverb full of wisdom and morality. In this respect, it is obvious that some jokes that are dull, but are assumed to be Nasreddin Hodja s jokes, do not in fact belong to him. It is clear that a person who was both a scholar and a saint did not tell such simple and ordinary jokes. Nasreddin Hodja even wanted to teach his student while riding his donkey so he got backwards on his donkey to teach more. This is the reason why he got backwards on his donkey. Researches demonstrate that Nasreddin Hodja is not a legendary figure, but a devout Moslem who lived in the Seljukian times in the 13th century. Unknown Words (Bilinmeyen Kelimeler) tomb : mezar education : eğitim besides : bunun yanı sıra assistant cadi : kadı yardımcısı sufism : tasavvuf devoted : adamak, adanmış right path : doğru yol lead : öncülük etmek amend : değiştirmek corrupt : yozlaşmış society : toplum allusive : kinayeli banters : fıkra, şaka, espiri proverb : atasözü wisdom : bilgelik morality : ahlaki respect : saygı dull : sıkıcı assume : üstlenmek scholar : bilgin demonstrate : göstermek legendary : efsanevi devout : dindar 60

61 1. Doğru olan kelimeyi işaretleyiniz. 1. Nasreddin Hodja was born in the city / village of Hortu in Sivrihisar. 2. Abdullah Efendi was the imam / teacher of the village Nasreddin hodja was born in. 3. Nasreddin Hodja used to explain the matters in a long way / briefly. 4. Nasreddin Hodja is / is not a legendary figure. 5. Nasreddin Hodja s tomb is in Niğde / Akşehir. 2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun kelimelerle doldurunuz. 1. Nasreddin Hodja was a saint who... his life to showing people the right path. 2. Nasreddin Hodja learnt... from Seyyid Mohammed Hayrani. 3. Nasreddin Hodja briefly made... jokes and using a language which the public could understand easily demonstrate that Nasreddin Hodja is not a legendary figure. 5. Nasreddin Hodja did not tell simple and... jokes. 3. Sorular parçaya göre cevaplandırınız. 1. Where was Nasreddin Hodja born? 2. What was Nasreddin Hodja s father s name? 3. Do the dull jokes belong to Nasreddin Hodja? 4. Is Nasreddin Hodja a legendary figure? 5. In which century did Nasreddin Hodja live? 61

62 PART TWO Present Perfect Tense Geçmişte olmuş etkisi devam eden olayları anlatmak için kullanılır. I have lost my key. (Anahtarımı kaybettim.) Bu cümleden anahtarın hâlâ kayıp olduğunu anlamaktayız. The mechanic has repaired the car. We can use it now. (Tamirci arabayı tamir etti. Artık kullanabiliriz.) I have cleaned the window. (Pencereyi temizledim.) Bu cümleden pencerenin şu anda temiz olduğunu anlıyoruz. 62

63 Olumlu I / You / We / They have verb 3 He /She / It has verb 3 I have washed the car. (Arabayı yıkadım.) He has washed the car. (O arabayı yıkadı.) Olumsuz I / You /We /They haven t verb 3 He / She / It hasn t verb 3 I haven t washed the car. (Arabayı yıkamadım.) He hasn t washed the car. (O arabayı yıkamadı.) Soru Have I/you/we/they verb 3 Has he/she/it verb 3 Have you washed the car? (Arabayı yıkadın mı?) Has he washed the car? (O arabayı yıkadı mı?) Present Perfect Tense te kullanılan zaman zarfları aşağıdaki tabloda verilmiştir: since so far already just (-den beri) (şu ana kadar) (zaten, çoktan) (henüz) Başlangıç noktası gösterir. Cümle başında ve sonunda kullanılır. Esas fiilden önce kullanılır. Esas fiilden önce kullanılır. for lately recently yet (...dır...dir) (son zamanlarda) (son zamanlarda) (henüz) Başlangıç noktası gösterir. Cümle sonunda kullanılır. Cümle sonunda kullanılır. Olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde cümle sonunda kullanılır. 63

64 ever never gone been (asla, hiç) (hiç) gitmek bulunmak Soru cümlelerinde kullanılır. Olumsuz cümlelerde kullanılır. Kişi şu anda mevcut değil, bahsedilen yere gitmiş. Kişi bahsedilen yerde bulunmuş. I haven t ridden a motor bike since I was fifteen. (On beş yaşından beri motosiklete binmedim.) Fatih has been in prison for 10 months. (Fatih 10 aydır hapiste.) The mechanic has repaired ten cars so far. (Tamirci şu ana kadar 10 araba tamir etti.) I haven t seen him lately. (Son zamanlarda onu görmedim.) 64

65 There has been a lot of noise in the office recently. (Son günlerde ofiste çok gürültü oluyor.) ENGLISH SEVEN (İNGİLİZCE 7) I ve just received an . (Şimdi bir aldım.) Have you cleaned your room yet? (Odanı temizledin mi?) Have you ever seen a lizard? (Şu ana kadar) Hiç kertenkele gördün mü? My mother has never visited a foreign country. (Annem (Şu ana kadar) hiç yabancı ülke görmedi.) Hasan has gone to Adana. (Hasan Adana ya gitti.) Bu cümlede Hasan şu anda yanımızda değildir, Adana dadır. Hasan has been to Adana. (Hasan Adana da bulundu.) Bu cümlede Hasan ın daha önce Adana da bulunduğunu anlıyoruz. Hasan yanımızda ya da başka bir yerde olabilir ancak Adana da değildir. 4. Aşağıdaki boşlukları Present Perfect Tense kullanarak doldurunuz. 1. Tom s hair was very dirty. Now it s clean. He... (wash) his hair. 2. My brother can t find his wallet. He is looking for it. He... (lose) it. 65

66 3. Betül was 100 kg. She was very fat. She went on a diet. Now she s 70. She... (lose weight). 4. He can t go to school. He is ill. He... (catch) cold. 5. I know the series Huzur Sokağı very well. I... (read) its novel. 6. I can t eat anything more because I... (eat) too much. 7. My father was in Germany last month. He is at home now. My father... (be) to Germany. 8. Lisa...cook) a delicious cake. 9. My sister is very tired. She... (clean) the house. 10. We...listen) to Uğur Işılak in the concert. 5. Uygun olan seçeneği işaretleyiniz. 1. He hasn t called us yet / already. 2. Celil has already / ever bought the tickets for the football match. 3. I haven t visited my grandparents lately / since. 4. Ali isn t at home. He has been / gone shopping. 5. I have been / gone there several times. 6. I have just / already cooked the meal it is very hot. 7. I have been a teacher since / for a long time. 8. The baby has been ill since / for morning. 9. I haven t eaten anything already / so far. 10. I have never / ever seen such a beautiful scene before. 66

67 Present Perfect Continuous Tense ENGLISH SEVEN (İNGİLİZCE 7) Geçmişte başlamış ve şu anda hâlâ devam eden ya da henüz yeni bitmiş olayları anlatmak için kullanılmaktadır. Ayşe telefonda arkadaşı ile konuşuyor: Ayşe: Sahra, where are you? (Sahra nerdesin?) Sahra: I have been studying for my exam in the room. (Odamda sınavıma çalışmaktayım.) Ali ve Ahmet karşılıklı konuşmaktalar: Ali: Your hands are in dirt. What have you been doing? (Ellerin kirli. Ne yapıyordun?) Ahmet: I have been cleaning the attic. (Çatıyı temizliyordum.) 67

68 Olumlu I / We / You / They He / She / It Olumsuz I / We / You / They He / She / It Soru have been verb ing has been verb ing haven t been verb ing hasn t been verb ing I have been driving. (Ben araba sürmekteyim.) He has been driving. (O araba sürmekteyim.) I haven t been driving. (Ben araba sürmemekteyim.) He hasn t been driving. (O araba sürmemekte.) Have I / you / we / they been verb ing Has he / she / it been verb ing Have you been driving? (Araba sürmektemisin?) Has he been driving? (O araba sürmektemi?) Present Perfect Continuous Tense kullanılan zaman zarfları aşağıdaki tabloda verilmiştir: since (-den beri) for (-dır, dir) recently (son zamanlarda) lately (son zamanlarda) all day (gün boyu) all week (hafta boyu) We have been playing football since morning. (Sabahtan beri futbol oynamaktayız.) 68

69 I have been teaching English for a long time. (Uzun süredir İngilizce öğretmekteyim.) I have been learning French recently. (Son zamanlarda Fransızca öğrenmekteyim.) He has been sleeping all day. (Gün boyunca uyumakta.) What have you been doing lately? (Son zamanlarda ne yapmaktasın?) 6. Aşağıdaki boşlukları Present Perfect Tense kullanarak doldurunuz. 1. It... (snow) all day long. 2. Ayşe... (study) very hard this semester. 3. We... (play) football for two hours. 4. Metin... (work) very hard these days. 5. He... (sing) for a long time. 6. The baby... (sleep) since morning. 7. They... (wait) in front of the door for more than two hours. 8. She... (work) at the company for five years. 9. I... (write) all morning. I ve just finished it. 10. The children... (watch) Keloğlan. 69

70 Present Perfect Tense ile Present Perfect Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense ile Present Perfect Continuous Tense birbirlerine çok benzemektedirler. Bu iki zamanın da Türkçe de karşılığı yoktur. Aşağıda Perfect Simple ve Present Perfect Continuous Tense arasındaki farklar açıklanacaktır. He iki zaman arasındaki benzerlik ve farkları örnekler üzerinde dikkatlice inceleyiniz. Present Perfect Simple bir işin tamamlandığını ve bunun sonucunu belirtir. Present Perfect Continuous eylemin hâlâ devam ettiğini belirtir. Örnekleri inceleyiniz: I have repaired the television. You can watch it now. (Televizyonu tamir ettim. Şimdi seyredebilirsin.) I have been repairing the television. So you can t watch it now. Please wait. You can watch it when I finish repairing it. (Televizyonu tamir ediyorum. Bu yüzden şu an seyredemezsin. Lütfen bekle. Tamir etmeyi bitirdiğimde seyredebilirsin.) The secretary has typed two letters. (Sekreter iki mektup yazdı.) 70

71 The secretary has been typing a letter. (Sekreter mektup yazmakta.) I have drunk five glasses of tea so far. (Şu ana kadar beş bardak çay içtim.) I have been drinking tea. (Çay içmekteyim.) Geçmişte başlayan, hâlâ devam eden eylemleri anlatırken eylemin ne kadar süredir devam ettiğini belirtmek istiyorsak her iki zamanı da kullanabiliriz. İki zaman arasında anlam bakımından herhangi bir fark bulunmamaktadır. We have lived in this city since (Biz 1986 dan beri bu şehirde oturuyoruz.) We have been living in this city since (Biz 1986 dan beri bu şehirde oturuyoruz.) How long have the children played in the playground? (Çocuklar ne kadar zamandır parkta oynuyorlar?) How long have the children been playing in the garden? (Çocuklar ne kadar zamandır parkta oynuyorlar?) Bir eylemin ne kadar zamandır devam ettigini anlatmak istiyorsak Present Perfect Continuous kullanılabilir. Ayten has been reading a book. (Ayten kitabı okuyor.) 71

72 Fakat bir eylemin kaç kere yapıldığını veya miktarını belirtmek istiyorsak Present Perfect Tense kullanırız. Ayten has read a book. (Ayten bir kitap okudu.) 7. Aşağıdaki boşlukları Present Perfect Tense kullanarak doldurunuz. 1. Our team... (win) only a match so far. 2. When will we arrive there? We... (walk) for hours. 3. I... (finish/just) my homework. 4. I... (work) on this project for two months. 5. How long... (wait / you) here? (you / play / ever) American football? (you / win) any gold medals? 8. We... (know) each other for 20 years. 9. Mr. Anderson... (be) abroad for 15 days. 10. He... (have) this car for 12 years. 72

73 UNIT THREE (TEST) 1. We have been here... two hours. A) for B) since C) just D) already 2. James has lived in this town...10 years. A) yet B) already C) since D) for 3. She... a book. A) has readed B) have read C) has been reading D) have been reading 4. I... up my room. A) has tidied B) have tidied C) is tidied D) have tidy 5. - Why are you out of breath? - I.... A) have runned B) has been run C) have been running D) has run 73

74 6. The teacher s voice is gone because he... all the lesson. A) have been shouting B) has been shout C) have shout D) has been shouting 7. I am very tired. I... all day. A) has been worked B) have been working C) have been work D) has been worked 8. My eyes are red because I.... A) have cried B) has cried C) is cry D) was cry 9. Mummy, can I go out? I... my homework. A) done B) have done C) has do D) has done 10. We can t watch the film now because the television.... A) have broke B) has broke C) does break D) has been broken 74

75 11. Emre is wet. He... with water. A) have played B) has play C) has been play D) has been playing 12. She... him for a long time. A) hasn t see B) has see C) hasn t seen D) hasn t saw 13. School... yet. A) hasn t started B) hast started C) hasn t starting D) has starting 14. Where... you...? I couldn t see you anywhere. A) has/been B) have / been C) was/be D) do/be 15. Annie... to do her homework. A) forgets B) was forget C) has forgotten D) have forgotton 75

76 16. There is a delicious smell coming from the kitchen. What... you...? A) has / been cooking B) have / been cooked C) is/cooking D) have / been cooking 17. The dog... the cat. A) is been cashed B) has been chasing C) have been chasing D) has be chased 18. How long... the dog... around? A) have / been barking B) is/ been barking C) has/be barked D) has/ been barking 19. They have been discussing the problem... one o clock. A) for B) since C) yet D) ago 20. He hasn t painted the house.... A) just B) for C) yet D) already 76