T eknik gezi - Technical Visit. Almanya Teknik Gezisi Germany Technical Visit

Transkript

1 T eknik gezi - Technical Visit EXITCOM taraf ndan A ustos 2009 Tarihleri nde gerçeklefltirilen Almanya Teknik Gezi sine Türkiye den kat lan heyet çok say da tesisi inceledi Group of participants from Turkey participated in Germany Technical Visit held by EXITCOM on 10th-13th August 2009 examined so many plants. Almanya Teknik Gezisi Germany Technical Visit 28 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009

2 Elektronik at k deyince Türkiye de akla ilk gelen firma olan EXITCOM taraf ndan organize edilen ve Almanya n n Hannover kentinde bafllayan teknik gezi 4 gün sürdü. Gezide pekçok tesis incelendi ve yetkilililerden uygulamalarla ilgili bilgi al nd. The technical visit started in Hannover in Germany and organised by EXITCOM which comes first to the mind in Turkey when said electronic waste, lasted for 4 days. So many plants were examined, and information on practices from authorities was received during the visit EXITCOM 1999 y l nda Almanya n n Hannover flehrinde kuruldu EXITCOM was established in Hannover in Germany in 1999 EXITCOM Almanya n n Hannover flehrinde at k elekrik ve elektronk ekipmanlar n geri dönüflümü konusunda hizmet vermek üzere kurulmufl bir geri kazan m flirketidir. Özellikle 2002 y l ndan bu yana yat r mlar n ve etki alan n geniflleten firma Türkiye de de bu alanda öncü olarak 2003 y l nda faaliyetine bafll yor. Türkiye de de pek çok büyük projenin gerçekleflmesinde söz sahibi olan firman n elektronik at klar n Türkiye de belli bir sistem dahilinde toplanmas ve ekonomiye yeniden kazand r lmas yönünde genifl bir yelpazeye oturan say s z çal flmalar oldu. Almanya da kazanm fl oldu u tecrübesiyle Türkiye de fa- EXITCOM is a regaining company established to serve on recycling of waste electric and electronic equipments in Hannover in Germany. Especially since 2002 the company which has widened its investments and domain started its action as the pioneer also in Turkey in this field in The company, which has a voice on the realization of so many important projects also in Turkey, had countless works sat a wide fan in collecting electronic waste within a particular system in Turkey, and re- Elektronik at kta kurumsal yap s yla dikkatleri çeken alan nda lider kurulufl EXITCOM 2003 y l ndan bu yana Türkiye de de faaliyette EXITCOM which is the leading company in its section, and draws attention through its institutional structure in electronic waste has been active since 2003 TEKN K GEZ - TECHNICAL VISIT 29

3 EXITCOM un tesisi mükemmel The plant of EXITCOM is perfect Ortalaman n çok üzerindeki geri kazan m oranlar na ulaflan EXITCOM un tesisini inceleyen heyet tesisi ve çal flma sistemini baflar l buldu The group, who examined the plant of EXITCOM reached the regaining proportions much over the average, found the plant and its working system successful EXITCOM daki tesis gezisine Genel Müdür Murat Ilgar da efllik etti Murat Ilgar, General Manager, companied to the plant visit in EXITCOM as well aliyetlerini sürdüren firma elektronik at k denince ilk akla gelen marka olma baflar s n da yakalam fl durumda. Türkiye de elektronik at klarla ilgili çal flmalar n daha etkin ve sistematik bir flekilde yap lmas gerekti ini ifade eden firman n Genel Müdürü Murat Ilgar bu amaca hizmet etmek ve Almanya da gerçeklefltirilen baflar l çal flmalar yerinde göstermek amac yla A ustos 2009 tarihleri aras nda alan nda uzman olan kiflilerden kurulu bir heyeti organize ettikleri teknik geziyle biraraya getirdiklerini ifade ederek Türkiye nin art k kaybedecek bir dakikas olmad n bu amaçla Avrupa daki uygulamalar n anlafl lmas - n n önemli oldu unu söyledi. Geziye stanbul Büyükflehir Belediyesi nden At k Yönetimi Müdürü Eyüp Naf z Korkut, Teknik Müdür Yard mc s Gültekin Güllü, Finansal Koordinatö Ünal Koflar ile tekniker lyas Ertafl n yan s ra Recycling INDUSTRY Dergisi nin Genel Yay n Müdürü Türkay Özgür, Kartal Belediyesi Çevre Koruma ve Kontrol Müdürü brahim Gürbüz, Ataflehir Belediyesi Çevre Koruma ve Kontrol Müdürü Ayten Kartal, Y ld z Teknik Üniversitesi Çevre Mühendisli i Bölümü Çevre Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dal Baflkan Prof. Dr. M.Talha Gönüllü, T.C. Margaining them for the economy. The company keeps on its activities in Turkey with its experience gained in Germany is in the position that it also succeeded to be the mark first come to the mind when said electronic waste. Murat Ilgar, General Manager of the company, who said studies on electronic waste in Turkey must be made more effectively and systematically, and by explaining they brought a group including expert persons in their fields together through the technical visit he organised on 10th- 13th August in order to show successful studies realized in Germany in its place, and to serve for this purpose, claimed that Turkey does not have even a minute to lose, and for this purpose it is important to understand the practices in Europe. Naf z Korkut, Waste Management Manager, from stanbul Metropolitan Municipality, his Technical Co-director, Gültekin Güllü; Ünal Koflar, Financial Coordinator, with technician, lyas Ertafl n, and also Türkay Özgür, Broadcast Manager of Recycling INDUSTRY 30 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009

4 Teknik gezinin birinci gününde EXITCOM un faaliyetlerine ve Almanya daki uygulamalara iliflkin sunum heyet taraf ndan dikkatle dinlendi. Sunumda Avrupa Birli i ndeki son durum da aktar ld On the first day of the technical visit, the presentation on practices in Germany, and the activities of EXITCOM was listened by the group carefully. The present picture in European Union was also given during the presentation mara Belediyeler Birli i Çevre Direktörü Aynur Acar, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarl k Fakültesi Mineral-Metal Kazan m ve Geri Dönüflüm araflt rma grubundan Doç. Dr. Ata Utku Akç l ve Çankaya Belediyesi Belediye Baflkan Yard mc s Eser Atar kat ld. Teknik Gezi nin ilk gününde EXITCOM un tesisinde firman n çal flmalar na iliflkin bilgi verildi ve tesis incelendi. Almanya da 2003 y l nda Avrupa da yürürlü e giren WEEE Yönetmeli i öncesinde de elektronik at klar n topland n ifade eden EXIT- COM Genel Müdürü Murat Ilgar yönetmeli in elektrikli ve elektronik at klar n ayr toplanmas ve tafl nmas için bir sistem kurulmas n ön gördügünü hat rlatarak AB ülkelerinde kifli bafl her y l en az 4 kg e-at k toplanmas gerekti ini söyledi. AB Direktifi ne göre at klar n 10 kategoride Almanya daki yönetmeli e göre ise 5 grupta topland n belirten Murat Ilgar üreticilerin toplama koyteyn rlar na daha az bedel ödemek için bu yolun tercih edildi ini belirtti. Toplama ve geri kazan m esnas nda ortaya ç kan maliyetlerin üreticiler taraf ndan karfl land n da sözlerine ekleyen Murat Ilgar firma olarak Magazine; brahim Gürbüz, Kartal Municipality Environment Protection and Control Manager; Ayten Kartal, Ataflehir Municipality Environment Protection and Control Manager; Prof. M. Talha Gönüllü, Y ld z Technical University Environment Engineering Department Head of Main Science Branch; Aynur Acar, T.R. Marmara Municipalities Association Environment Director; Assoc. Prof. Ata Utku Akç l, from Süleyman Demirel University Engineering Architecture Faculty Mineral-Metal Gaining and Recycling research group, and Eser Atar, Vice Mayor of Çankaya Municipality participated in the visit. On the first day of the technical visit information about the studies of the company in the plant of EXITCOM was given, and the plant was examined. Murat Ilgar, General Manager of EXITCOM, who said electronic waste was being collected also before the WEEE Regulation issued in Europe in Germany in Almanya da Hannover, Dortmund gibi büyük merkezleri de içine alan gezide çok say da tesis gezildi ve pekçok sunum çal flmas na kat l nd. During the visit also consisted of big provinces such as Hannover, Dortmund in Germany so many plants were visited, and many presentation studies were participated in Geziye kat lan heyet 4 günün sonunda çok önemli bilgilerle Türkiye ye döndü The group participated in the visit came back to Turkey with very important information at the end of the 4 days TEKN K GEZ - TECHNICAL VISIT 31

5 Herfley dikkatle incelendi Everything was carefully examined Gezide Pape Tönsmeier, Dataserv, Exner Trenntechnik, Veolia Umweltservice ve Elektrocling Goslar gibi alan nda önemli çal flmalara imza atan firmalar n tesisleri görüldü The plants of the companies, such as Pape Tönsmeier, Dataserv, Exner Trenntechnik, Veolia Umweltservice and Elektrocling Goslar, signed in very important businesses in their fields were seen during the visit Teknik Heyet ziyaret edilen tesislerde kullan lan teknolojiyi yak ndan inceleyerek çok say da foto raf çekti Technical Committee has taken many photos by closely investigating the technology used in visited plants Almanya daki sistemin iflleyiflinden memnun olduklar n da özellikle belirtti. Toplama gruplar na göre AEE kategorilerine bakt m zda birinci grupta büyük ev aletleri ve s t c lar n grup ikide so utucular n grup üçte televizyon, müzik seti, video gereçleri, grup dörtte ayd nlatma ekipmanlar n n ve grup beflte küçük ev aletlerinin yer ald n görüyoruz. Gezide ziyaret edilen firmalardan biri olan Dataserv 1972 y l nda bilgisayar at klar oluflmaya bafllay nca ihtiyaç üzerine kurulmufl bir firma. Y lda 500 bin ürünün girdi i firmada. Take back sistemi kurulmufl ayn zamanda Apple, Sony gibi firmalara da hizmet veriliyor. Firmada 35 kifli çal fl yor. Bilgisayarlar n al nd firman n iste ine göre format at larak 2003, by reminding the regulation anticipated a system to be established to carry and collect electric and electronic separately, mentioned that it is necessary to collect at least 4 kg of e-waste per a person every year in EU countries. Murat Ilgar said that waste is being collected in 10 categories according to EU Directive, but in 5 groups to the regulation in Germany, and uttered that this way is preferred by the producers to pay less cost to the collection containers. He also added that the costs occurred during collecting and regaining are also covered by the producers, and also emp- 32 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009

6 hard disk silme ifllemi yap l yor. Bilgi güvenli i için mobil bir sistemle baz durumlarda firmalara da gidilip silme ifllemi yap l yor. Güvenli in son derece önemsendi i firmada imha edilen harddiskler defalarca formatland ktan sonra tamamen kapal alanlarda gözetmenler alt nda çok küçük parçalar haline getiriliyor. Firma hizmet verdi i firmalara karfl büyük bir sorumlulu u üstlenmifl durumda. Öte yandan ziyaret edilen di er bir firma olan Elektrocycling Goslar 1995 y l nda kurulmufl lisansl bir firma. Ortaklar ; Alcatel SEL AG, Deutsche Telekom AG, Siemens AG. Firmada bugüne kadar 300 bin tonun üzerinde at k geri kazahasized that they satisfied with the system operation in Germany as a company. When we look up WEEE categories according to collection groups, we see that there are big household goods and heaters in the first group, and coolers in the second, and television, music player, video tools in the third, and lightening equipments in the fourth, and small household goods in the fifth. Dataserv, one of the companies gone during the visit, is established upon the need when computer was- Almanya da 2006 y l nda kifli bafl 6 kg. e-at k toplanm flt r 6 kg of waste per a person was collected in Germany in 2006 Geri kazan lan The substances regained were examined maddeler incelendi Yerel yöneticiler, akademisyenler, çevre uzmanlar ve önde gelen bas n temsilcilerinden oluflan Türk heyet elektronik at klar n ayr flt r lmas sonras nda elde edilen hammaddeleri inceleyerek not ald lar. Elektronik at klardaki de erli metallerin geri kazan m ülke ekonomilerine de önemli katk lar sa lamaktad r. Metaller geri dönüflüm için oldukça iyi özelliklere sahip malzemelerdir. Platin, gümüfl ve alt n grubu gibi de erli metaller cevherden do rudan kazan labildi i gibi di er demir d fl metallerin ifllenmesinden veya geri dönüflümlü malzemelerden de elde edilebiliyor. Elektronik at klar Almanya da geneldie çevre dostu teknolojilerle geri kazan l yor. nsan sa l ve çevre bak m ndan son derece önem arz eden elektroik at klar n miktar ça m z n sürekli artan tüketim sürecinde ço almakta ve geri dönüfltürülmesi geliflmifl ülkelerde üzerinde ciddiyetle durulan bir duruma gelmifltir. Türkiye deki toplama oranlar ne yaz k ki çok düflüktür. Turkish group consisted of local authorities, academicians, environment experts, and pioneer press representatives put notes analysing the raw materials obtained after electronic waste is parsed. Regaining valuable metals in electronic waste provides important contributions also to country economies. Metals have very good characteristics for recycling. Valuable metals such as the group of platinum, silver and gold can be not only regained directly from the essence, but also be obtained from operating other metals out of iron or from recycled materials. Electronic waste is usually regained by environmentally friendly technologies in Germany. The amount of electronic waste which is extremely important for human health and environment gradually increases during the consumption process always raised in our age, and becomes an issue discussed seriously on recycling them in the developed countries. The collection proportions in Turkey are unfortunately very low. TEKN K GEZ - TECHNICAL VISIT 33

7 Toplama noktalar na getirilen her türlü evsel at k belirlenmifl olan noktalara son derece düzenli bir flekilde b rak l - yor. Ayr flt r lamaz durumda olan çöpler ise yak larak bertaraf ediliyor All sorts of domestic waste brought to the collection points are left very orderly to the points determined. Rubbish which can not be parsed is also eliminated by burning. n lm fl. Firma çal flmalar n planlarken y l gibi çok uzun vadeli stratejiler fl nda faaliyetlerini sürdürüyor. Ziyaret edilen firmalar n en önemli özelli i bilgiye büyük önem veriyor olmalar yd. Elektrocycling Goslar firmas nda üretici kay tlar n n tutulmas n n yan s ra lojistik, geri kazan m ve tamirat, tekrar kullan m ve raporlama hizmetleri de verilmektedir. Ziyaret edilen firmalardan biri de buzdolab geri dönüflümü yapan Veolia Umweltservice, bir çok at n geri kazan m nda da hizmet vermekte olup buzdolab n dönüfltüren 18 firmadan biri. Günde yaklafl k 15 ton y lda 5 bin tonun üzerinde buzdolab n n geri kazan m n yapan firmada 6 ay gibi bir sürede yaklafl k 700 ton demir sadece buzdolab n n geri dönüflümü sonucunda hammadde olarak geri kazan lmaktad r. Tesise gelen buzdolaplar ön ifllemden geçiriliyor içersindeki yabanc maddeler al - n yor ve raflara ç kart l yor. Daha sonra bi düzenek üzerinde ya yerde birekecek flekilde yan tutularak içersindeki ya ile gaz kar fl m çekiliyor. kinci aflamada buzdolab n n k r lmas ifllemi gerçeklefltiriliyor ve demir, plastik, izalosyon köpü ü ayr flt r l yor. Granür hale gelen köpükler s k flt r larak içersinde kalan ortalama 183 g CFC gaz ç kart l yor. Gazs zlaflt r lm fl köpük paletler haline getiriliyor. Absorban ifllemlerinden sonra bertarafa gönderiliyor. Teknik gezidi incelenen tesislerte started to be fell out in In the company where 500 thousand products were entered per year, Take back system was established, and also it serves to companies such as Apple, Sony. 35 people are working in the company. According to request of the company from which the computers received, hard disc deletion operation is made by formatting. For the info security with a mobile system, the operation of the deletion is made by also going to companies on some occasions. In the company where the security is given an importance seriously, hard discs which are destroyed are made as very small pieces under the control of observers completely in closed areas after formatting again and again. The company has shouldered a great responsibility for companies it serves. On the other hand, Elektrocycling Goslar, another company visited, is a licensed company established in Its partners are Alcatel SEL AG, Deutsche Telekom AG, Siemens AG. In the company, over 300 thousand 34 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009

8 Kim ne getiriyor! Kamerayla takip ediliyor Who brings what! Is followed by camera Gezinin program nda yer alan Neinburg Toplama Noktas yandaki foto raflarda görülüyor. Toplama noktas na gelen her araç ve at klar sürekli olarak kontrol ediliyor Neinburg Collection Point within the visit programme is seen in the photos next. Every vehicle and their waste come to the collection point are always controlled Toplama noktalar kameral sistemle sürekli kontrol ediliyor The collection points are always controlled by the camera system den biri de Almanya n n büyüklerinden biri olarak kabul edilen bir grup flirketi olan Pape Tönsmeier di. Kurumsal firmalar n bütün at klar için çözüm sunmakta olan firman n 900 özel arac, 3 bin çal flan ve 60 tesisi bulunuyor. Tesiste ayr flt r lan at klar farkl noktalardaki ilgili tesislere gönderiliyor. Firma özellikle gizlilik arz eden dökümanlar n imha edilmesine yönelik de hizmet veriyor. Tesise getirilen gizli dökümanlar tamamen izole edilmifl özel konteyn rlarda tafl n yor. Bu konteyn rlar tesis içersindeki özel bölüme gözetmenler taraf ndan sadece arac n içeriye girmesine izin verilerek al n - yor. Bu özel bölümde çal flan kifliler kamerayla sürekli takip ediliyor. Gezinin en önemli duraklar n biri de Exner Trencntechnik firmas yd. Son derece baflar l bir geri kazan m sistemine sahip olan firman n tesislerinde pekçok tesiste ayr flt r lamas mümkün olmayan metal at klar n n ay flt r lmas yap - labiliyor. Sor derece yüksek oranda geri kazan m yapan firma 6 gün boyunca 3 vardiya çal fl yor. Almanya da 2005 y l ndan bu yana at klar n ifllem görmeden depolanmas yasaklanm flt r. Geri kazan lamayan at klar yak l yor ve eneji kazan l yor. tones of waste have been regained so far. When the company plans its studies, it keeps on its activities with the enlightenment of very long term strategies as years. The most important characteristics of the companies visited is that they give a very important role on the information. In Elektrocycling Goslar company, the services of logistics, regaining and maintenance reusing and reporting as well as recording the producers registry are also given. One of the companies visited, Veolia Umweltservice, which recycles refrigerator, is one of 18 companies recycled refrigerator. In the company which makes about 15 tones of refrigerator regaining per a day, and over 5 thousand per a year, about 700 tones of iron are gained as raw material for a period of 6 months only as a result of recycling refrigerator. The refrigerators come to the plant are pre-operated, and unknown substances within itself are taken. Vatandafllar için at klar ay rarak toplamak adeta bir rituel haline gelmifl To collect waste by parsing for the citizens has become really a ritual TEKN K GEZ - TECHNICAL VISIT 35

9 EXITCOM Genel Müdürü Murat Ilgar EXITCOM General Manager Murat Ilgar Elektronik at kta Avrupa n n istekleri ve Türkiye nin gerçekleri Avrupa birli i taraf ndan yap lan analizlere göre toplanan e-at k miktar n belirlemede rol oynayan faktörler; Toplama Noktalar n n Say s Co rafi Konum Mevcut Ekonomik Durum Sosyo-Kültürel Yap At k Toplama Yöntemleri Bu veriler fl nda, e-at k miktar hakk nda bilgi sahibi olabilmek için Türkiye yi ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel anlamda analiz etmenin gereklili i ortaya ç kmaktad r. Biz de Exitcom Almanya olarak tarihleri aras nda organize etti imiz Teknik gezinin çok faydal oldu una inan - yoruz. Bu gezinin amac Avrupa n n istekleri ve Türkiye nin gerçeklerine yönelik çevre ve at k yönetimine dayal Türkiye nin bütüncül bir sistem gereksinimiydi, her yönüyle tüm konular incelendi, geziye kat lan stanbul Büyükflehir Belediyesi nin, Ataflehir Belediyesinin, Kartal Belediyesi nin, Çankaya Belediyesi nin, Y ld z Teknik ve Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi akademisyenlerinin, Recycling INDUSTRY Dergisi nin ve Marmara Belediyeler Birli i nin kat l m ile konular görüflüldü ve sorunlar detayl olarak masaya yat r larak, Türkiye için çözümler araflt r ld. Almanya daki belediyelerin at k toplama noktalar n n çoklu u ve kolay ulafl - l r olmas ve geri dönüflüm tesislerinin sistematik çal flmalar yerinde görüldü ve Türkiye deki eksikler flekillendi. Toplama noktalar nda sadece geri kazan labilir at klar de il, tehlikeli at klar da toplanmaktad r. Vatandafla sunulan imkanlar dahilinde herkesin ayn duyarl l gösterece i görülmüfl ve deneyim edilmifltir. Avrupa da 2003 y l nda yürürlü e giren ve sistematik bir flekilde her geçen gün iyilefltirilerek devam eden AEEE (AEEE: At k Elektrikli ve Elektronik Ekipmanlar; WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), Çevre ve Orman Bakanl n n 2005 y l ndan beri sürdürdü- ü çal flmalarla Türkiye ye de getirilmeye çal fl lmakta ancak karfl lafl lan çeflitli engeller ve itirazlar neticesinde, yönetmeli in yürürlü e girifl tarihi her seferinde ertelenmektedir. Yönetmeli in yürürlü e girmesi engellenirken elektronik at klar n çevreye verdi i zararlar göz ard edilmektedir. E-At k hangi hallerde çevreye zarar verir? 1. Eski bilgisayar monitörleri ve televizyonlar n k r lmas ya da topra a gömülmesi sonucunda ortaya ç kan toksin maddeler 2. Kullan lmayan kablolar n, yanmay engelleyici bromür kapl d fl yüzeylerinin bilinçsizce yak lmas sonucu atmosfere kar flan dioksinler. 3. Elektronik devre kartlar n n yak lmas sonucu ortaya ç kan zehirli bileflenler. 4. C va ihtiva eden bileflenlerin k r lmas veya zarar görmesi sonucu c - van n topra a ya da suya kar flmas 5. So utucu cihazlarda bulunan CFC ve freon gazlar n n atmosfere sal nmas sonucu oluflan sera etkisi 6. Poliklorür Bifenil ihtiva eden bileflenlerin (Kondansatör) suya kar flmas sonucu meydana gelebilecek kirlenmeler. AEEE direktifinin ülkemize getirece i fayda göze al nd nda, Türkiye ye Avrupa Birli i uyum yasalar beraberinde gelen ve fluan Bakanl kta Türkiye ye uyumu incelenen AEEE Direktifleri nin onay ve bu yasa ile Türkiye ye gelen sorumluluklar dahilinde bilinçlendirme çal flmalar m z h zland r lmal d r. Avrupa daki sistem hizmet tecrübeleriyle bu konunun Türkiye de de üretici son kullan c zincirinde yer alan her referans bu sorumlulu a davet edilmelidir. WEEE ile ilgili sistemlerin bir an önce kurulmas ve üreticiler ile belediyeler üstlerine düflen sorumluklar yerine getirmeleri gerekmektedir. WEEE kapsam nda kurulmas gereken toplama noktalar sadece elektronik at klar n ayr toplanmas n kapsamayacakt r, ayn anda evlerde oluflan boya, tiner, ya lar, kimyasallar, ilaçlar gibi tehlikeli at klar ve ahflap, tekstil, ambalaj, cam gibi geri kazan labilir at klar da kabul edecektir. Türkiye de hâlihaz rda y ll k ton kapasiteli tesisimizle ve Türkiye ye entegre etti imiz Almanya daki tecrübelerimizle yönetmeli in bize getirece i sorumluklara karfl firma olarak haz r z. Yönetmeli in bir an önce yürürlü e girmesiyle daha temiz bir Türkiye ye bir ad m daha yaklaflt m za inan yoruz ve bunun için elimizden gelen her türlü yard - ma haz r z. 36 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009

10 European Requirements and actual position of Turkey in terms of Electronic Waste The factors playing role in determination of collected e-waste amounts in line with analysis conducted by the European Union are; Number of Collection Points Geographical Position Current Economic Position Socio-Cultural Structure Methods of Collecting Waste Under the light of such data, it becomes evident that it is necessary to analyse Turkey economically, socially and environmentally in order to be able to have any idea about the e- waste sum. We as Exitcom believe that the technical trip that we organize between were very beneficial. The purpose of this trip was to discover requirement of Turkey for an integral system based on environment and waste management in line with demands of Europe and realities of Turkey. All issues were widely investigated, the topics were discussed by participants of the trip namely stanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Ataflehir Municipality, Kartal Municipality, Çankaya Municipality, Academicians of Y ld z Teknik and Süleyman Demirel University and Recycling INDUSTRY Magazine and Union of Municipalities of Marmara and problems were discussed in a detailed manner and solutions for Turkey were searched. The fact that the Municipalities in Germany have plenty of waste collection points and their easy accessibility and systematic functioning of recycling facilities were observed onsite and missing elements in Turkey were shaped. In collection points, not only recyclable wastes but also hazardous wastes are collected. It was seen and experienced that everyone would show the same sensibility in line with opportunities provided for the citizen. WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulation, which entered into force in Europe in year of 2003 and which continues after being improved systematically every passing day, is planned to be brought to Turkey as well by means of studies conducted by Ministry of Environment and Forestry since the year of 2005, however as a result of various handicaps and objections faced, the date of entry of regulation into force is postponed each time. While entry of regulation into force is prevented, the harms caused by electronic wastes to the environment are neglected. Under which cases e-waste causes harm to the environment? 1. Toxin items produced as a result of breaking and burning into soil of old computer monitors and televisions 2.Dioxins contaminating in atmosphere as a result of unconscious burning of unused cables and their external surfaces covered by bromur preventing the burning. 3.Toxic components arising as a result of burning of electronic circuit cards. 4.Contamination of mercury into soil or water as a result of breaking or damaging of components containing mercury 5.Greenhouse effect caused by emission of CFC and freon gasses that are present in refrigerating devices. 6.Pollutions that may arise as a result of contamination of components (capacitor) containing Polychloride biphenil into water When the benefits to be brought by WEEE directive, the approval of WEEE directives coming to Turkey in parallel to the European Unity harmonisation laws and of which harmonisation to Turkey is examined in the Ministry and our awareness raising studies within the framework of responsibilities brought to Turkey by means of such a law should be accelerated. Each reference of such issue included in producer-final user chain in Turkey as well by means of system-service experiences in the Europe should be invited to such responsibility.systems related to WEEE should be established as soon as possible and the Municipalities are expected to fulfil their given responsibilities. Collection points that should be established within the scope of WEEE shall not only cover segregated collection of electronic wastes but also accept recyclable wastes produced at homes such as hazardous wastes such as dye, thinner, greases, chemicals, medicines and recyclable wastes produced at homes such as wood, textile, packaging and glass. We, as the Company, are ready against responsibilities to be imposed by the Regulation on us by means of our facility with an annual capacity of tons currently in Turkey and our experiences in Germany which we integrated into Turkey.We believe that we approach one more step to a cleaner Turkey upon the immediate entry of enforcement of the regulation and we are ready for any kinds of assistance for this. TEKN K GEZ - TECHNICAL VISIT 37

11 Hannover de AEEE, At klarda Hafl r Neflir bir A ustos Kesiti... Prof. Dr. M. Talha GÖNÜLLÜ - Y ld z Teknik Üni. Çevre Müh. Bölümü Almanya ve ülkemizde elektronik ve elektrikli alet at klar konusunda faaliyet gösteren Exitcom firmas n n organizasyonlu unda ve deste inde icra edilen A ustos 2009 tarihleri aras na s k flt r lm fl, yo un, Hannover ve çevresindeki flehirlerde kapsayan, temelde AEEE konusunu kapsayan ve ayr ca da mevcut sistem bütününün di er parçalar n oluflturan ambalaj at klar, bahçe at klar, inflaat y k m at klar, evsel zararl at klar vb. gibi di er at klar da kapsayan, heyecan dolu ülkeden bir grup ile ki bunlar ülkemizin en büyük belediyesi stanbul Büyükflehir Belediyesi, stanbul ve Ankara n n ilçe belediyelerinden, Marmara Belediyeler Birli i, Recycling dergisi, iki üniversiteden akademisyenleri kapsamakta olup, toplama merkezi ve fabrika niteliklerinde birçok tesis incelenmifltir. ncelenen toplama merkezleri belirli bir nüfusa ve alana hizmet etmekte olup, bu merkezlerde toplanan her bir AEEE malzemesini toplayan farkl bir tesis konteyneri dolunca, konteyneri dolusu al n p ifllenece i geridönüflüm tesisine tafl nmakta ve bir adet boflu ise buraya tekrar konulmaktad r. Geridönüflüm tesisinde ayr lan ve çeflitli hammaddeler oluflturmak üzere safs zl az metal, plastik vb. malzemeler kazan lm fl olmaktad r. Bu tür tesislerde esas olan nokta AEEE at klar n n potansiyel olarak içinde bulundurdu- u çevre ve topluma zararl maddelerin emniyetli bir biçimde at klar içinden çekilmifl olmas ve bunlar n uygun biçimde bertarafa gönderilmesidir. Bu tür tesislerde bazen ayr flt - r lamayan k s mlar oluflmakta ve bunlar bir baflka geridönüflüm tesisinin hammadde kayna n ve u rafl nedenini oluflturmaktad r. Bu çal flmalar sonucunda esas olarak çevre için çok yaralay c sonuçlar olabilecek zararl maddeler ortadan kald - r l rken, ülkelerin sanayi döngüleri için çok önemli bir yeri olan metal rezervi koruma f rsat da söz konusu olmaktad r. Gezilen tesislerde bir aç klay c tarif olmas bak m ndan Almanya da tafl ve topra a kadar her tür at n de erlendirilmesini kapsayan bir sistemin kurulu oldu unu görürsünüz. Bunun için gerek flehir içi ve gerekse flehir d fl nda en ücra köylerde dahi yerlerde en ufak çöp k r nt s, sigara izmariti de dahil, görmeniz mümkün de il, bunun cayd r c para cezalar ve toplum bask s ile oldu unu söyleyerek geçifltirmek çok kolayc l k olur zann mca, nedeni toplumun gönülden kat l m d r. At klar n bertaraf için ayda 50 Avro civar nda bir para toplanmakta, oluflan evsel AEEE s - n f at klar toplama merkezlerine toplum fertlerince bizzat götürülmekte, e er belirli bir a rl ktan fazla ise bunun bertaraf için harcanmak üzere ayr ca bir bedel ödenmektedir. Ev çöpü ve ambalaj at klar d fl nda kalan, AEEE at klar ve di er at klar toplama merkezine belediyelerin gösterdi i ve kurdurdu u toplama merkezi alanlar na getirilmektedir. Sistem olabildi ince düzgün çal flmaktad r. Ancak burada bir akademisyen gözü ile gezdi imiz tesislerdeki çal flma flartlar n n olmas gerekti i kalitede olmayabildi ini görmekle analiz etmek zorunlulu unu duymaktay m. Oldukça büyük ve donan ml iki tesiste ifl sa l aç s ndan uygun olmayan koflullar mevcuttu. Birinde belki bir top sahas büyüklü ündeki hangar fleklinde ve oldukça da yüksek tavanl bir tesisin içinde göz gözü görmeyecek kadar iç ortam partikülleri oldu u idi. Esasen bu tesiste özellikle zor denebilecek metal ayr lmalar gibi önemli bir imalat baflar s bulunmas na karfl l k. kinci tesiste ise belirli madde gruplar nca zengin at klar n ayr flt r ld, çok büyük bir tesisin elle ay rma bantlar n n bulundu u k s mda kirli hava çekme ve temiz hava besleme sisteminin devre d fl olmas idi. Ancak bu gibi kesitsel ve belki günlük olumsuzluk tespitleri yine de tüm kurulu sistemin olmas n, hemen tüm de erlendirilebilir malzemelerin geri kazan lmas n n çal fl ld n, dünyada en büyük geri kazanma oranlar n n Almanya ya ait oldu u, yukar da da ifade etti im gibi en ifllek ve ücra yerlerde dahi yerlerde bir k r nt at k görmenin mümkün olmad gerçe ini unutturacak de ildir. Kurulmufl sistemlerin ald klar mesafe, geçen zaman baflar n n eriflilebilecek üst noktas n belirleyen en önemli etkendir kuflkusuz. Belirtmem gereken önemli bir bu alandaki teknoloji gelifltirme için akademik alana çok ihtiyaç oldu udur. Halen daha birçok çözümsüz problemin oldu u ve baz at klar n de erlendirilmeksizin depoland d r. Bunun d fl nda at k de erlendirmenin iyilefltirilmesi sürekli bir geliflimi sa layacak araflt rmalar n yararl olaca n da ifade etmek isterim. Ülkemize gelirsek, elektronik ve elektrikli alet at klar n n tümüyle geri kazan l p, bunlara ait k ymetli metallerin ülkemizde kalmas mutlaka sa lanmal d r. Bu alandaki u rafl ve ambalaj at klar n n da toplan p, de- erlendirilmesini hedefleyen bütüncül bir sistemin oluflturulmas ile geliflmifl ülkelerde oldu u gibi ekonomi için önemli bir sektör olan bir geridönüflüm sektörünün gelifltirilmesi, kurulmas? çok yararlar sa layacakt r. Önemli bir istihdam alan n da oluflturacakt r ayn zamanda. Bu ifllerin ehil olmayan hurdac grubu taraf ndan yakarak, balyozla k rarak yap lmas n n önüne de geçilmelidir. Toplum olarak bizler de iyi fleyleri hak ediyoruz isteminde bulunmayal m m? 38 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009

12 An August Overview where we mingled with WEEE Wastes in Hannover Prof. Dr. M. Talha GÖNÜLLÜ - Head of Environmental Sciences Division The intensive visit organized by and with the support of Exitcom company that operate in Germany and our country in the field of electrical and electronic equipment wastes on August 2009 involved Hannover and neighboring cities and covered mainly WEEE agenda as well as other wastes such as packaging wastes, garden wastes, construction debris wastes, domestic wastes that constitute other parts of the current system. An enthusiastic group from our country that involves Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, authorities from district municipalities of Istanbul and Ankara, Union of Municipalities of the Marmara Region, Recycling magazine and academicians from two universities participated in the visit and examined many facilities such as collection centers and factories. Collection centers that were examined provide service to a certain part of population and area and when containers, each of which collects a different WEEE material, are full, they are replaced by new and empty containers and full containers are transported to recycling facilities to be treated. Wastes that are separated in recycling facilities result in various raw materials such as low impurity metals, plastics etc. The main point in such facilities is that substances that are embodied potentially by WEEE wastes and damage the environment and public are safely taken from wastes and they are sent to disposal. Sometimes some parts cannot be degraded in such facilities and these parts become the resource and business field of another recycling facility. As a result of these works, hazardous substances that may have negative consequences for environment are removed and they allow metal reservoir protection that has a very important place in industrial cycle of countries. As a description of facilities visited, you can see that a system has been established in Germany that involves treatment of any waste ranging from stone to soil. Thus, you can't see even the smallest piece of trash or cigarette butt in cities or remote villages outside the city. I think it is to cut corners to say that this results from deterrent pecuniary penalties and social influence. The main factor is sincere participation of public. Approximately?50 is raised monthly for waste disposal and domestic WEEE wastes are personally delivered to collection centers by public. If these wastes exceed a certain weight limit, a separate amount is paid for disposal. WEEE wastes and other wastes except domestic and packaging wastes are delivered to collection centers and collection center areas that municipalities have established. The system runs smoothly. However, from an academician's perspective, I have to state that working conditions in facilities that we visited are not always at the required level and quality. Occupational health conditions were unfavorable in two highly large and wellequipped facilities. In one of these facilities that is as large as a football field and has a very high ceiling, there were many indoor particles that you almost can't see beyond the end of your nose although this facility achieved an important success in manufacturing such as metal degradation that is very difficult. In the second facility, system that takes polluted air and gives fresh air was not active where wastes that are rich in certain substance groups are degraded and manual classification bands exist. However, such sectional and daily handicaps will not cause us to ignore the fact that there is a well-established system and almost all materials that can be evaluated are tried to be recovered and Germany has the highest recovery rates in the world and as I mentioned above, it is not possible to see piece of trash even in the busiest and most remote places. By all means, great strides made by established systems and time that flows by are the most important factors that determine the peak of success. I would like to emphasize that academic area is very important and necessary for technological developments in this field. Unfortunately there are problems yet to be resolved and some types of wastes are stored without being evaluated. Furthermore, researches will be helpful for constant improvement in waste treatment. As for our country, electrical and electronic equipment wastes should be recovered and precious metals obtained from them should necessarily remain in our country. The development of recycling sector, which is an important sector for economy in developed countries, through efforts in this area and by creating a holistic system aiming at collection and treatment of packaging wastes as well will be very beneficial and will create employment opportunities. Unqualified junk collectors should be prevented from burning wastes and breaking them into pieces by sledge hammer. We as community deserve better things, don t we? TEKN K GEZ - TECHNICAL VISIT 39

13 Almanya Teknik Gezi zlenimleri Gültekin GÜLLÜ stanbul Büyükflehir Belediyesi At k yönetimi Müdür Yrd. Genel olarak, üretilen her fley potansiyel bir at kt r. Dünyada üretimin ve tüketimin boyutlar sürekli artmaktad r. Bu ba lamda ülkemizde de ortaya ç kan at k miktarlar her geçen gün artmaktad r. Oluflan at klar her yerde karfl m za büyük bir problem olarak ç kmaktad r. Bu problemlerin sa l kl olarak çözülmesi için, flehirlerde bu at klar için, at k tipine göre ayr ayr yönetim ve uygulama planlar - n n olmas gereklidir. Ülkemizde at k yönetiminde yasal alt yap n n tamamlanarak, gerekli çal flmalar n h zl bir flekilde yürütülmesi, bu alanda görev ve sorumluluklar m z yerine getirmemiz bak m ndan büyük önem arz etmektedir. At k yönetimindeki baflar n n, iyi bir Entegre at k yönetimi sisteminin varl yla olaca na inan yorum. Sistemin bütünlü ü içerisinde her türlü at k iflleme, geri kazan m, geri dönüflüm ve bertaraf tesisleri ile birlikte, at k getirme merkezleri, at k toplama ve tafl ma faaliyetleri bir bütün olarak de erlendirilip sistem oluflturulmal d r. Sa l kl bir at k yönetimi sistemi üzerinden yap lacak her türlü çal flma ve e itim çok daha etkili ve verimli ve ekonomik olacakt r. At k yönetim sisteminin merkezinde at k getirme merkezleri vard r. At klar n toplanmas, yönlendirilmesi, ve at klar n yeniden de erlendirilmesi yönüyle at k getirtme merkezleri adeta at k yönetim sisteminin kalbi gibidir. Farkl nitelikteki at klar n özel olarak bertaraf n n ve geri dönüflümünün sa lanabilmesi için ayr toplama gerekli bir ön kofluldur. At k getirtme merkezleri, farkl at klar n bir arada toplanabildi i merkezler olup, her kesime at klar n getirebilmeleri bak m ndan bütün olarak çözüm sunmaktad r. Bu tip at k getirtme merkezleri at klar n ayr toplanmas nda h zland r c bir etkende olmaktad r. Ayr ca, bütün at klarda oldu u gibi, elektrik ve elektronik at klar n toplanmas nda, geri dönüflümü ve yeniden kullan - m n n sa lanmas nda da at k getirtme merkezlerinin oluflturulmas en etkin yoldur. Bu konuda, piyasaya sürenler, belediyeler ve lisansl kurulufllar n koordineli bir flekilde çal flmalar gerekmektedir. Elektronik at klarla ilgili, Almanya ya yapm fl oldu umuz teknik gezinin çok faydal oldu una inan yorum. Belediyelerin ve özel firmalar n kurmufl oldu u at k toplama merkezlerini yerinde incelemifl olmam z, kat at klar n ve elektronik at klar n de erlendirilmesi amac yla hizmet veren dünyada ve Almanya da faaliyetleri ile önde gelen VEOL A, ELECTRO CYCLING, EXNER, DATASERV RECYCING, TOENSMEIER GRUP ve EXIT- COM gibi firmalara ait gördü ümüz tesisler at k yönetimi ve elektronik at klar n yönetimi konusunda bizlere güçlü bir vizyon kazand rm flt r. Özellikle elektronik at klar konusunda yapm fl oldu umuz incelemeler ve Almanya da Elektronik At klar n Yönetimi ve uygulama planlar, Almanya daki elektronik at k türlerinin grupland r lmas ve bütün at k maddelerin ayr ayr geri kazan ld tesislerin varl ülkemiz aç s ndan modellenebilecek yap dad r. Geri kazan m tesisleri sayesinde hem çevre korunmakta hem de at klar n yeniden kullan m ile çevrenin sürdürülebilirli i ve ekonomik fayda sa lanmaktad r. Çevre ve gelece imiz aç s ndan önem arz eden, at k elektrik ve elektronik eflyalar n sa l kl bir flekilde bertaraf n n ve geri dönüflümünün sa lanabilmesi için, ülkemizde Çevre ve Orman Bakanl - n n 2009 y l n n sonuna kadar yürürlü e koymay hedefledi i At k Elektrik ve Elektronik Eflyalar (AEEE) Yönetmeli i nin en k sa zamanda yürürlü e girmesi ve bu alanda yap lan çal flmalara h z kazand r lmas son derece önemlidir. stanbul Büyükflehir Belediyesi nin giriflimleri ve EXITCOM UN organizasyonu ile yap lan bu teknik gezinin gerçeklefltirilmesinde eme i geçen herkese çok teflekkür ediyorum. Son derece faydal bir gezi oldu Kartal Çevre Koruma ve Kontrol Müdürü brahim GÜRBÜZ Kartal Belediyesi ni temsilen kat ld - m, geri dönüflüm tesislerine yönelik düzenlenen Almanya teknik gezisi, hem bilgi edinimi hem de görsel olarak en geliflmifl uygulamalar n incelenmesi aç s ndan çok faydal olmufltur. Özellikle, Kartal Belediyesi olarak, planlad m z e-at k projesi için önemli veriler elde edilmifl, bu süreçte daha bilinçli bir strateji gelifltirilmesi sa lanm flt r. Ayr ca, bu gezinin, ülkemizde ç kar lmas planlanan elektrik ve elektronik at k yönetmeli ine de katk da bulunmas n temenni ediyoruz. Bu organizasyonda büyük eme i geçen Exitcom flirketinin yetkilileri Say n Murat ILGAR ve Rakip DUMLU ile ekibine, ayr ca, çevreye ve insan sa l na duyarl Recycling ndustry dergisinin Genel Yay n Yönetmeni Türkay ÖZGÜR e ve bu teknik geziye kat lan baz belediye temsilcileri ve üniversite hocalar na da teflekkür ederiz. 40 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009

14 My Observations From Technical visit to Germany Gültekin GÜLLÜ stanbul Metropolitan Municipality Waste Assistant Manager Generally, everything produced is potentially a waste. Production and consumption sizes are constantly increasing in the world. In this context, waste amounts produced in our country are also increasing day by day. These wastes pose a big problem for us everywhere. Separate management and application plans for these wastes according to waste type should be available in cities to overcome these problems healthily. Establishing the necessary legal infrastructure in waste management and carrying out the necessary procedures rapidly in our country are of utmost importance for us to fulfill our duties and responsibilities in this respect. I believe that the success in waste management can be achieved by an efficient and integrated waste management system. A system should be created by evaluating all waste treatment, recovery, recycling and disposal facilities and waste collection centers, waste collection and transport activities as a whole under the same roof. All activities and training to be carried out by means of a healthy waste management system will be more effective, more efficient and more economic. Waste collection centers are the core of waste management system. Waste collection centers are almost the heart of waste management system in terms of waste collection, management and recycling. Separate collection is a prerequisite for special disposal and recycling of wastes with different nature. Waste collection centers, where different wastes can be collected together, offer a holistic solution to all social segments for bringing their wastes. These waste collection centers are also a factor that accelerates separate collection of wastes. Furthermore, the most efficient way for collection, recycling and reuse of electrical and electronic equipments, like all wastes, is to establish waste collection centers. Introducers, municipalities and licensed organizations should act in coordination in this respect. I believe that our technical visit to Germany related to electronic wastes has been very beneficial. We have gained a strong vision in terms of waste management and electronic waste treatment after we have examined in-situ waste collection centers established by municipalities and private companies and facilities of companies such as VEOL A, ELECTRO CYCLING, EXNER, DATASERV RECYCLING, TOENSMEIER GROUP and EXITCOM that are prominent in Germany and the world and provide service for solid waste and electronic waste treatment. Our examinations especially related to electronic wastes have showed that Electronic Waste Management and application plans in Germany, and facilities, where types of electronic wastes are categorized and all wastes are separately recovered, can be implemented to our country. Thanks to recovery facilities, the environment is protected and sustainability of environment and economic benefits can be achieved by reuse of wastes. It is of utmost importance that the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments Regulation (WEEE) that the Ministry of Environment and Forests in our country aims to put into effect until the end of 2009 for healthy disposal and recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipments, which is very important for the environment and our future, comes into force as soon as possible and that works in this field are accelerated. I would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this technical visit that was realized by initiatives of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and was organized by EXITCOM. It was a highly beneficial trip Kartal Environmental Protection and Control Manager brahim GÜRBÜZ Technical visit to Germany to recycling facilities that you organized and I participated on behalf of Kartal Municipality was very beneficial for being informed and examining applications that are most visually developed. We obtained very important information especially for e-waste project that we -as Kartal Municipalityplanned and a more conscious strategy was developed in this process. We also wish that this visit would contribute to the process to issue waste electrical and electronic equipments regulation that is planned to be issued in our country. We would like to extend our thanks to authorities of Exitcom company -Mr. Murat IL- GAR and Rakip DUMLU and his team, who has made great contributions to this organization, and Türkay ÖZGÜR, the Executive Editor of Recycling Industry Magazine that respects the environment and human health and additionaly municipality representatives and lecturers that participated to this technical visit TEKN K GEZ - TECHNICAL VISIT 41

15 Almanya da At k Toplama Sistemleri ncelendi Aynur Acar Marmara Belediyeler Birli i Çevre Koordinatörü Türkiye nin AB ye uyum sürecinde gerçeklefltirmesi gereken çevre koruma ve çevre alt yap s çal flmalar nda büyük sorumluluklar olan belediyelerin baz lar ile Almanya n n Hannover kentinde at k toplama sistemleri incelendi. Exitcom firmas taraf ndan düzenlenen teknik geziye Marmara Belediyeler Birli i Çevre Yönetim Merkezi, stanbul Büyük fiehir Belediyesi, Kartal Belediyesi, Ataflehir Belediyesi, Ankara Çankaya Belediyesi, YTÜ stanbul, SDÜ Isparta, Recycling INDUSTRY dergisi, Exitcom Türkiye ve Almanya çal flanlar n n kat l mlar yla 4 ifl gününde 5 flehirde 8 tesis gezildi. Bu tesislerden 4 ü genifl kampsaml elektronik at k ayr flt rma ve geri dönüflümü, 2 si genifl kapsaml evsel ve ambalaj at ayr flt rma ve geri dönüflüm tesisi, 2 si ise At k toplama merkezli ayr flt rma tesisi idi y l ndan beri çöp depolaman n yasak oldu u Almanya da bu tesislerle her türlü at k geri dönüfltürülüyor ve ülke ekonomisine kazand r - l yor. Almanya daki sistemi yerinde detayl ca inceledi imizde, gördükki geri dönüfltürülmeyen hiçbir at k yok gibi. Türkiye nin her bölgesinde büyük ihtiyaç olan bu tesislerde dikkatimizi çeken her tesis di er tesislerle de iletiflim halinde ve paylaflarak çal fl yor. Yani hem birbirlerine rakip hemde birbirlerine destek oluyorlar. Tam bir centilmenlik anlaflmas var. Evlerden toplanan at klar genellikle evsel at klar ve depozitosuz at klar. Di er her türlü at k vatandafllarca at k toplama merkezlerine götürülüyor. Her Belediyenin mücavir alan içinde kurulmufl olan Bölgesel At k Toplama Merkezleri Belediyelerin denetiminde tüzel kiflilik firmalar taraf ndan iflletiliyor. Toplama merkezlerinde (bizdeki at k toplayan mahalli hurdac lar n modern ve temiz hali) yukar da bahsetti im centilmenlik anlaflmas imzalam fl firmalar n her birinin (bir kamyon veya t r damperi büyüklü ünde) konteynerleri yerlefltirilmifl ve beher konteynerlerin her biri bir at k için hedeflenmifl. Yani X firmas elektronik at k alt nda Buzdolab geri dönüflümü yap yor onun konteynerlerine vatandafllar Buzdolaplar n b rak yorlar. XX firmas elektronik at k alt nda çamafl r makinas, Kurutma makinas, F r n, Ocak, Mikrodalya v.b. geri dönüflümü yap yor onun konteynerine bu at klar b rak l - yor. XXX firmas tehlikeli, zehirli ve kimyasal at k geri dönüflümü yap - yor, onun konteynerine de kimyasal içerikli boyalar, tinerler ve yan ürünleri, spreyler, yan c maddeler v.b. at klar b rak l yor. XXXX at k lastik geri dönüflümü yap yor, onun konteynerine at k araç lastikleri ve kauçuk at klar b rak l yor. Bu böyle firmalar n geri dönüfltürdü ü at a göre b rakt konteynerlerde at klar toplan yor. Ka t, Klasör, Karton v.b. A aç ve bahçe at klar v.b. Tahta Odun, talafl v.b. Demir, demir benzeri metaller v.b. Evsel ve Sanayi ya at klar v.b. Tekstil iki flekilde ayr toplan yor, Kullan labilir giysiler, hay r amaçl, Tekstil art klar, giyilemiyecek giysiler fleklinde. Akü, pil v.b. TV ve elektrikli ev aletleri at klar, Bilgisayarlar iki flekilde ayr toplan yor, Elden geçirilerek kullan labilir bilgisayarlar, Kullan lamayan bilgisayarlar fleklinde. Bu konteynerler doldu unda toplama merkezi yetkilileri hangi firmaya ait ise haber vererek bofl bir konteyner getirilmek kayd yla doluyu teslim ediyorlar. Firma konteynerinde toplanm fl at klar tesislerinde kendi içinde ayr flt r yor ve geri dönüfltürüyor. Teknik gezinin en faydal ve verimli oldu u yönü, Türkiye de yönetmeli i henüz yay nlanmam fl taslak çal flmas olan Elektrikli Elektronik At klar n geri dönüflümü idi. Tesislere ilk giriflte görünen Elektronik at k y nlar (Tv, bilgisayar, buzdolab v.b.) sonra aflama aflama takip ettik. Konveyör bantlar üzerinde yürüyen bu at klar ilk önce en zararl maddeden ar nd r l yor. Örne in: Buzdolab gaz, TV ekranlar ve bilgisayar monitörlerinin içindeki zararl maddelerden (Kurflun, Fosfor v.b.) ar nd r l yor. Daha sonra içlerindeki çevreye en çok zarar veren di er zararl parçalar ayr ayr sökülerek ayr flt r l yor (TV ve monitör ampulleri, her çeflit piller, floresan lambalar ve kimyasallar). 42 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009

16 Waste Collection Systems Examined in Germany Aynur Acar, Environmental Coordinator of Marmara Municapilities Association Some authorities, from municipalities having important responsibilities in environmental protection and environmental infrastructure works that Turkey should carry out within the EU harmonization process, examined waste collection systems in Hannover/Germany. Authorities from the Union of Municipalities of the Marmara Region Center for Environmental Management, stanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Kartal Municipality, Ataflehir Municipality, Ankara Çankaya Municipality, YTÜ stanbul, SDÜ Isparta, Recycling INDUSTRY magazine and Exitcom employees in Turkey and Germany participated in the technical visit organized by Exitcom company and visited 8 facilities in 5 cities during 4 working days. Four of these facilities are comprehensive electronic wastes decomposition and recycling facilities, two of them are comprehensive domestic and packaging wastes decomposition and recycling facilities and two of them are decomposition facilities with a waste collection center. Any waste can be recycled in these facilities in Germany where garbage storage has been prohibited since 2002 and thus, significant contributions have been made to national economy. We examined the system in Germany in-situ and witnessed that there was almost no waste that could not be recycled. What drew our attention in these facilities that are required all around Turkey was that each facility was in communication and worked in cooperation with other facilities. In other words, not only were they competitors but they also supported each other. There was a complete gentlemen s agreement. Wastes collected from houses are usually domestic wastes and non-deposit wastes. Any other waste is delivered by citizens to waste collection centers. Regional Waste Collection Centers established within neighboring areas of each municipality are administrated by legal entity companies under the supervision of municipalities. Containers of each company (having size of a lorry or truck damper) that signed the above-mentioned gentlemen s agreement are placed in collection centers (modern and clean version of our local junkmen that collect wastes) and a waste type is allocated for each container. In other words, X company recycles Refrigerators within the scope of electronic wastes and citizens deliver refrigerators to its containers. XX company recycles Washing Machines, Drying Machines, Ovens, Stoves and Microwaves etc. within the scope of electronic wastes and citizens deliver these wastes to its container. XXX company recycles hazardous, toxic and chemical wastes and chemical dyes, thinners and by-products, sprays and flammable materials etc. are delivered to its container. XXXX company recycles waste tires and waste vehicle tires and rubber wastes are delivered to its container. In brief, wastes are collected in containers according to the waste type that the company recycles. Paper, Folder, Cardboard etc. Tree and garden wastes etc. Wood, Timber, Wood Chips etc. Iron and Ironlike metals etc. Domestic and Industrial oil wastes etc. Textiles are collected in two ways: Reusable clothes for charity purposes Textiles wastes such as non-wearable clothes Batteries etc. TV and electrical household wastes, Computers are collected in two ways: Computers that can be used after overhaul Computers that cannot be used When these containers are full, collection centers authorities inform the company to which these containers belong accordingly and deliver full containers in return for empty ones. The company decomposes wastes that are collected in its containers and recycles them accordingly. The most beneficial and efficient part of technical visit was recycle of Electrical and Electronic Wastes that is a draft work of which regulation is yet to be issued in Turkey. We followed Electronic waste piles (TV, Computer, Refrigerator etc.) that we saw after entry to facilities stage by stage. These wastes that move forward on conveyor bands are decontaminated from the most hazardous material first. For example, Refrigerator Gas, TV Screens and Computer Monitors are decontaminated from the most hazardous materials in their bodies (Lead, Phosphor etc). Later, their other hazardous parts that give most damage to environ- 46 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009

17 48 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009 ment are separately decomposed (TV and Monitor bulbs, any battery and florescent bulbs and chemicals). As we advanced in facilities, we saw computer cards, cables, hard disks, plastic components, metals and metal types that were separately collected. Then, all waste types within metal boxes were separately thrown into breakers and crumbled; some of them were ground and sieved with large and small sieves on conveyor band (aluminum, copper, brass, iron etc.) and sent to factories in the sector as raw materials. What drew our attention most in collection centers was that domestic and packaging wastes didn t exist because a- Domestic wastes were collected by legal entity company of the municipality and delivered to compost facilities to be turned into composts. These composts were used by municipalities in city s Parks and Gardens and were purchased by citizens to be used in their gardens and for flowers. b- As for packaging wastes, since Glass Bottles, Plastic Bottles, Aluminum beverage boxes, canned food boxes were deposit, they were collected in hypermarkets, supermarkets and groceries in return for their prices. Storage places for deposit wastes exist behind each of these groceries. Some groceries press these packaging wastes and put them in bags while some put them directly in bags and deliver to recyclers according to packaging type for which they have an agreement in return for their price. There is a barcode on deposit packaging wastes put by packaging manufacturers. This barcode is put by packaging manufacturer during manufacturing process and package is followed up by this barcode within deposit system follow-up program from purchase and return by consumer to delivery to recyclers. And the packaging manufacturer follows up how much packaging has been collected by this barcode. SUGGESTION: The system is highly detailed and easy to establish on Internet. It is possible through this system to create a new sector and commercial benefits and job opportunities are offered to packaging manufacturers, hypermarket, supermarket and grocery owners and those who collect and transfer wastes, and existing junkmen and local scrap dealers can be controlled under a more corporate structure. Easy and simple barcode follow-up system can be established in the following way: Like controlled invoice number system in Tax Offices administrated by the Ministry of Finance or the Customs Declarations follow-up and approval system of the Undersecretariat of Foreign Trade, a department can be established within the Ministry of Environment and packaging manufacturers can be provided packaging barcodes by a similar system on Internet. Barcodes can be scanned by barcode identification machines connected to computers where packaging wastes are returned and their return can be followed up on the system. (Deposit diagram) I d like to come back to Technical Visit to Germany and state that there is almost no waste that cannot be recycled as I have summarized in my booklet. Bottles and Glasses are recycled to produce Glass. Plastic, Nylon and Plastic Bottles are recycled to produce new Plastic products (Buckets, Hangers, Plastic Tools, Nylon Bags etc). Paper and Cardboard (when collected as clean and unpolluted) are recycled to produce papers. Domestic Wastes (readily-spoiled food, fruit peels etc.) are turned into compost and recycled to be used as fertilizer in parks and gardens or are processed and the resulting compost is pressed like Chipboard and is recycled to be used as benches in parks, fences in gardens, roof coating in houses and even planks under rails due to its strength. Tree, wood and garden Wastes are ground and blended with compost to be recycled as fertilizer. Frying Oil in Houses and Restaurants is processed in special facilities and Biodiesel is produced and used in Buses and Trucks and is recycled to produce a cheaper fuel that gives less damage to environment. Vehicle Tires and Rubbers are recycled to produce rubber or floor covering materials. When all metals in Electrical and Electronic wastes (Computers, Refrigerators, Washing Machines, Ovens and Electrical Households etc.) are decomposed, significant raw materials (Iron, Steel, Copper, Aluminum, Metal, Zinc etc.) are produced. Residue wastes from decomposition and recycle are destroyed in waste incineration plants. Cinders obtained from these waste incineration plants are reused as filling materials in road construction and asphalt. In brief, I as a person in the industry- know that these facilities can be constructed in Turkey and think that every effort should be exerted in this respect and it s high time that we took action.

18 Almanlar n düzeni ve sistemi hayran b rakt... The order and system of Germans attracted... Geziye kat lanlar hat ra foto raflar da çektirdiler The participants in the visit also took souvenir photos Geziye kat lan uzman heyet Almanya daki sistemi son derece baflar l buldu ve gelinen noktaya tam puan verdi Son derece geliflmifl olan bir sisteme sahip olan Almanya da yakalanan toplumsal konsensüs hayat n her alan nda kendini gösteriyor. Kurallara son derece sayg l ve ba l olan Almanlar n say s z genifl ve yeflilin her tonuyla bezenmifl parklar ndan oto yollardaki düzenlemelere kadar çevre hassasiyetlerini görmeniz mümkün. At klar n ayr flt r lmas ve toplanmas hususunda vatandafllar bunu bir mecburiyetten ziyade bir sorumluluk olarak görüyor. Nienburg nüfusu yaklafl k 100 bin olan bir yer. Toplamda bir büyük ve üç küçük toplama noktas mevcut toplam alan 13 hektar olan yerin 10 hektar düzenli depolama alan d r. Bu noktalar belediyeler taraf ndan kurulmaktad r. Vatandafllar bu noktaya at klar n bedelsiz olarak b rak rken firmalar at klar n b rakmak için bedel ödemektedirler. Türkiye nin alan nda lider firmas olan EXITCOM un bu organizasyonu heyette yer alan herkesi yukar da özetlemeye çal flt m z süreçten arta kalanlar dikkate ald m zda fazlas yla memnun etti. Almanya daki sistemin Türkiye de de benzer sonuçlar al - narak en k sa zamanda ülke flartlar na uygun gerçeklefltirilece ini umuyoruz. The participant expert group in the visit found the system in Germany so successful, and gave a perfect mark to the point come In Germany which has a fully developed system, social consensus kept shows itself in every field of life. It is possible that you can see environmental sensibilities from its so many wide parks decorated with each tone of green up to regulations in motorways belonged to Germans who are so faithful and respectful for the rules. On the issue of parsing and collecting waste citizens sees it as a responsibility more than an obligation. Neinburg has about 100 thousand population. 10 hectares of the place, of which the current total area of a big and 3 small collection points totally is 13 hectares, is a regular storage area. These points are built by municipalities. While citizens leave their waste to this point without cost, companies pay to leave their waste. This organisation of EXITCOM, the leading company in its field in Turkey, satisfied everyone in the group more considering left over from the process we tried to summarize above. We hope that the system in Germany will be realized by getting similar results also in Turkey in accordance with the country conditions as soon as possible. 50 Recycling INDUSTRY EYLÜL - SEPTEMBER 2009