Water, Wastewater and Waste Management Services in İstanbul

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1 Water, Wastewater and Waste Management Services in İstanbul Dr. Cevat YAMAN Director of Environmental Protection and Control Department Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 1

2 Duties of İstanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (İSKİ) To provide drinking water To discharge and treat wastewater To protect water resources İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 2

3 Key Figures on İstanbul Population served : 13,2 million Total area served : km 2 Total number of customers : 5 million Total length of water networks : km Total length of sewers : km Annual yield of water resources : m 3 /year Average daily water supply to the city : m 3 /day Volume of Water Reservoirs : m 3 Budget (2011) : 2 billion 171 million $ Investment (2011) : 969 million $ İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 3

4 Water Tariff Euro / 1 Customer Group m 3 House 1,27 Commercial 2,71 Industrial 2,82 Rural 0,33 1 Euro = 2,50 TL İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 4

5 Drinking Water Supply İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 5

6 Water Demand in Istanbul Years Population (million) Total Annual Water Demand (million m 3 /year) Total Daily Water Demand (million m 3 /day) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,7 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 6

7 Existing Water Resources in İstanbul Population Water Population Water BULGARIAN BORDER % 65 % 40 BLACK SEA % 60 % 35 DÜZCE Almost 100 % of drinking water in Istanbul is provided from surface waters. The area of water resources range from city of Kırklareli in the west to the city of Düzce in the east. 60% of water resources is on the Asian side with 35% of population while 40% is on the European side with 65% of the population. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 7

8 Yield of Water Resources (million m 3 /year) The yield of water resources has increased from 620 million m 3 /year to 1 billion 353 million m 3 /year İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 8

9 Existing Water Resources Name of the Plant Put into Operation Yield (million m 3 /year) Elmalı I & II Dams Terkos Dam Alibeyköy Dam Ömerli Dam Darlık Dam Büyükçekmece Dam Yeşilvadi Regulator Istrancalar Şile Wells Kazandere Dam Sazlıdere Dam Pabuçdere Dam Yeşilçay Regulator Melen Total İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 9

10 Ömerli Dam İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü

11 Terkos Lake İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 11

12 Capacity of Water Treatment Plants m 3 /day The water treatment capacity has increased from 1 million m 3 /day to 3.7 million m 3 /day in a 16 year period. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 12

13 milyon m3 Drinking Water Supplied to City According to Years (million m 3 ) Months İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 13

14 Locations of Drinking Water Treatment Plants Tekirdağ B L A C K S E A Taşoluk İkitelli Kağıthane B.Çekmece Elmalı Ömerli S E A O F M A R M A R A Kocaeli Drinking Water Treatment Plants İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 14

15 İkitelli Drinking Water Treatment Plant m 3 /day İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 15

16 İkitelli Drinking Water Treatment Plant The Plant consists of twelve main units 1- Inlet Structure 2- Aeration Basin 3- Ozone Unit 4- Chemical Unit 5- Clarifier (Settling) Basin 6- Fast Sand Filter 7- Chlorine Contact Tank / Clean Water Tank 8- Chlorination Unit 9- Pumping station 10- Mud Thickening Ponds 11- Mud Dewatering Unit 12- Laboratory İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 16

17 Melen Project İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 17

18 Melen Project Black Sea 180 km Kağıthane Melen Dam Marmara Havzası Developed to meet the long-term water need in İstanbul, Melen Project shall provide an annual amount of m 3 /yr of water to fulfill the water requirement until İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 18

19 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Additional Water Resources Planned S.N Name of the Resource Capacity (million m 3 /year) 1 Melen Project 2nd Stage Yeşilçay Project (İsaköy,Sungurlu and Kabakoz) Istranca 3th and 4th Stages (Including Mutlu Deresi) Additional Reservoir in Lake Terkos Desalination Facility 110 Total 1.033

20 Annual Rainfall Rates in The Last 50 Years in İstanbul from October to September (12 months) İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 20

21 The Istanbul Water Quality Report 2011 Parameters Turkısh Standarts 2005 FIRST STANDARTS (TURBIDITY) NTU World Health Organization (WHO) US Enviromental Protection Agency Avrupa Birliği (EC) 1998 Büyük Çekmece Gross Alfa 1 0,5-0, Gross Beta İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü İkitelli FSMH Kağıthane Yıldırım Beyazıt Han Turbidity, NTU ,2 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,2 0,4 FIRST STANDARTS (MICROBIOLOGICAL), EMS/100 Ml Coliform Bacteria <1 0 < FIRST STANDARTS (ORGANIC CHEMICALS), µ g/l Total Trihalomethane ,2 26,4 29,2 20,5 29,9 16,1 Bromate FIRST STANDARTS (INORGANIC CHEMICALS), Mg/L Emirli Yavuz Sultan Selim Elmalı Ömerli Muradiye - Orhaniye Aluminium ,05 0,05 < 0,05 < 0,05 < 0,05 < 0,06 Arsenic < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 Barium ,03 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,02 0,02 Cadmium < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 Chromium (Total) < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 Flouride ,19 0, Lead 0,010 0, <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Mercurv 0,001 0,001 0,002 0,001 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 Nitrate (NO3) ,42 2,11 1,48 1,44 5,46 2,89 Selenium 0,01 0,01 0,05 0,01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Silver --- 0,10 0,10 - < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 Antimon 0,005 0,020 0,006 0,005 < 0,005 < 0,005 < 0,005 < 0,005 < 0,005 < 0,005 Berilium < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 FIRST STANDARTS (RADIOACTIVITY), pci/l

22 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü The Istanbul Water Quality Report 2011 Parameters Turkish Standarts 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) US Enviromental Protection Agency Avrupa Birliği (EC) 1998 Büyük Çekmece İkitelli FSMH Kağıthane Yıldırım Beyazıt Han Emirli Yavuz Sulta n Selim Elmalı Ömerli Muradiy e- Orhaniye SECONDARY STANDARTS, mg/l Chloride Colour (Unit) ,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 Cupper < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Iron 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Manganese 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Odour Treshold Value (br.) ---- Not feel the harm Not feel the harm PH ,3 7,2 6,9 7,0 7,1 6,9 Sulfate ,2 47,6 55,2 12,8 69,7 31,9 Total Dissolved Solids Zinc < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS, mg/l Calcium ,1 53,9 47,5 43,7 41,6 32,3 Hardness (as CaCO3 ) Magnesium ,9 4,0 6,4 4,7 8,3 5,2 Potasium ,84 1,99 1,93 1,10 2,72 1,69 Sodium ,6 13,5 16,2 6,6 25,1 10,2 Residual Chlorine ,3 1,4 1,2 1,6 1,3 1,5 Ammonium 0, <0,03 <0,03 <0,03 22 <0,03 <0,03 <0,03

23 Wastewater Collection, Treatment and Disposal İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 23

24 Location of Wastewater Treatment Plants Tekirdağ BLACK SEA Terkos Kilyos Şile Kumbaba Paşabahçe Ağva Çanta Silivri Baltalimanı Küçüksu Selimpaşa Bahçeşehir B.Çekmece Üsküdar Paşaköy Ambarlı Ataköy K.Çekmece Yenikapı Kadıköy Completed / Biten Ongoing / Devam Eden Planned / Planlanan SEA OF MARMARA Tuzla Kocaeli 24

25 m3/day Daily Wastewater Treatment Per Years İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 25

26 Basic Data on Wastewater Treatment Plants in İstanbul No Treatment Type Number of Plants Treatment Capacity (m 3 /day) Water Treated (m 3 /day) Treatment Rate (%) 1 Pre-treatment 9 4,169,880 2,194, Biological , ,850 7,9 3 Advance Biological 5 701, ,503 18,1 4 Natural Total 34 5,039,410 2,964, İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 26

27 Tuzla Biological Treatment Plant Total Cap m 3 /day İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 27

28 Paşaköy Advance Biological Treatment Plant Mevcut Kapasite m 3 /gün Existing Capacity m 3 /day İlave Kapasite m 3 /gün Additional Capacity m 3 /day Toplam Kapasite m 3 /gün Total Capacity m 3 /day Paşaköy Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant was taken into service in 2000 with a treatment capacity of m 3 /day As the plant failed to meet the demand, second stage of the Plant was completed in 2009 to enable an increase of m 3 /day. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 28

29 Ataköy Advanced Biological Treatment Plant Capacity m 3 /day Taken into service in 2010, the Plant serves to a population of with a capacity of m 3 /day. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 29

30 Planned Wastewater Treatment Plants Name of the Plant Daily capacity (m3/day) 1 B.Çekmece Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) Silivri Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) Tuzla Advanced Biological WWTP (3rd Phase) Selimpaşa Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) Çanta Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) Kilyos Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) K.Çekmece Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) TOTAL İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 30

31 Seawater Transfer Tunnel from Bosphorus to Golden Horn Seawater from the Bosphorus shall be linked to the Golden Horn through a 5-km tunnel and Kağıthane Stream. The tunnel boring work is complete and will be put into service in early The complete tunnel shall enable renewal of water and biological diversity in the Golden Horn as it will increase the dissolved oxygen level in the Golden Horn. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 31

32 Seawater Transfer Tunnels from Bosphorus to Golden Horn Sarıyer Çayırbaşı Ayzağa Pumping Station Tunnel Constructed (5 km) Bosphorus Kağıthane Stream Cross section of the Tunnel Flow / Debi: m 3 /h Pumping height : 23 m EXISTING MEVCUT ONGOING CONSTRUCTION EXISTING STREAM İNŞAATI DEVAM EDEN İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü MEVCUT DERE 32

33 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ISTANBUL İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 33

34 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü The City of Istanbul Population : 13.3 million (2010) % 18 of Turkey s population Number of Districts: 39 Approximately tons/day solid waste

35 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Waste Management Facilities in Istanbul 4 Transfer Stations 1 Landfill Site 1 Composting Plant 1 Leachate Treatment Plant 3 Transfer Stations 1 Landfill Site 1 Leachate Treatment Plant

36 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Waste Disposal Percentages in Istanbul Landfilling has the largest ratio of 92 % Composting, RDF and Granule Plants 4.7 % Recovery and recycling 3.3 %

37 General Waste Composition in Istanbul İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü

38 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Collection and Transportation of Wastes in Istanbul

39 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Transfer Stations tons of solid waste produced daily in Istanbul requires: runs to 7 transfer stations and 500 runs from transfer stations to landfill sites.

40 Disposal of Wastes İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü

41 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Landfill Sites in Istanbul Landfill Site in European Side Amount of Waste Landfilled Daily; tons. Landfill Site in Asian Side Amount of Landfilled Waste Daily; tons.

42 Amount of Waste Landfilled in 2011 (tons/month) Amount of Waste Landfilled According to Years (thousand tons/year) Landfill Sites Waste Amounts ASIA EUROPE TOTAL ASIA EUROPE TOTAL * Months Years Avg tons/month ASIAN SIDE (ton/day) EUROPEAN SIDE (ton/day) TOTAL (ton/day) Avg tons/year * * 7 month data including July, İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü

43 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Electricity Production from Wastes in Istanbul

44 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Landfill Gas (LFG) Plant There are 2 LFG waste-to enery plants in Istanbul, with 24 MW of installed capacity.

45 Amount of Energy Produced in LFG Plants (MWh/month) İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Amount of Produced Energy in LFG Plants ASIA EUROPE TOTAL million kwh energy was produced in * 7 month data including July, Months Asian Side (MWh/year) European Side (MWh/year) Total (MWh/year) * This amount equals approximately to TL ( Euros)

46 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Composting, RDF and Granule Plants

47 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Composting, RDF and Granule Plants Capacity of the plant is tons/day. Aerobic Compost Method Area; m 2 Capacity; tons/day Place of Use; Parks and gardens of Istanbul

48 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Environmental Investment Costs ( ) Sectors NECESSITY OF INVESTMENT Million TL* Milyon Euro Rate (%) Water Sector Solid Waste Sector Air Sector Noise Pollution Sector Chemicals Sector Integrated Solid Waste Sector Nature Conservation Sector Total

49 THANK YOU İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 49