QATARGAS DEN LNG TAfiIMACILI INA ÖZEL F LO

Transkript

1 QATARGAS DEN LNG TAfiIMACILI INA ÖZEL F LO QATARGAS SPECIAL FLEET FOR LNG TRANSPORTATION Qatargas n Filosu // Qatargas Fleet Al Zubarah Al Rayyan Al Wajbah Broog Al Khor Al Wakrah Zekreet Doha Al Bidda Al Jasra Qatargas dünyada LNG üretiminde önde gelen flirketlerden biri. Y lda yaklafl k 8 milyon ton LNG üreten Katarl flirket, bu üretimini özel tasar ml tanklara sahip 10 adet LNG gemisinden oluflan filosu arac l yla tafl yor. Qatargas is one of the major LNG companies in the world. Producing approximately 8 million tons of LNG annually, the Qatari company transports the LNG with its fleet consisting of 10 LNG vessels equipped with specially designed LNG tanks. 036

2 K atar n ilk ve en büyük s v laflt r lm fl do al gaz (LNG) flirketi olan Qatargas Liquefied Gas Company Ltd. (Qatargas), 1984 de Katar n Kuzey Sahas (North Field) isimli genifl bölgesinden elde edilen do al gaz iflleyen birinci s n f bir k y (onshore) LNG fabrikas n kurmak ve iflletmek amac yla kuruldu. Qatar Petroleum un en önemli yan kurulufllar ndan biri konumundaki flirketin bir baflka hedefi de üretilen LNG yi dünya çap nda pazarlamak ve ihracat n gerçeklefltirmekti. flte bu ifl için flirket 10 gemiden oluflan özel bir LNG gemi filosu oluflturdu. Qatargas günümüzde, sahip oldu u 3 üretim tesisinden y lda yaklafl k 8 milyon ton LNG elde ediyor. Hedef 2005 y l içerinde bu rakam 9 milyon tona ç karmak. Ba lant l offshore tesisleri günde 40 milyon m 3 LNG üretmek için tasarlanm fl. Üretim kapasitesini art rmak yönünde sürekli çal flmalar yapan flirketin vizyonu dünyan n önde gelen LNG tedarikçilerinden biri olmak. YA NORTH FIELD DE DO AL GAZ BULUNMASAYDI! Qatargas, LNG nin Katar daki öncüsü oldu. Her fley 1971 y l nda North Field in keflfedilmesiyle bafllad. Bölgedeki tekrar kazan labilir gaz rezervi yaklafl k 11 trilyon m 3 ten, toplam gaz rezervi ise 25 trilyon m 3 ten fazla. Qatar Petroleum, bu dev gaz bölgesinde bir sitenin kuruluflunun ilk aflamas n üstlendi. lk site flu anda günde yaklafl k 23 milyon m 3 ifllenmemifl gaz üretiyor. Bu gaz n ço unlu u flirketin onshore LNG fabrikas nda iflleniyor ve ard ndan günde yaklafl k 50 bin varillik bir miktar ihraç ediliyor. Qatargas, 1 Kas m 1984 günü Emir in 44 no lu karar yla anonim flirket halini ald de Chubu Electric ile y lda 4 milyon ton LNG nin teslim edilmesi için ilk al m sat fl sözleflmesi yap ld. Katar Hükümeti ile 1 sene sonra gerçeklefltirilen ham gaz anlaflmas na göre ise LNG üretimi için gerekli olan do al gaz hammaddesini Qatargas sa layacakt. Ayn sene içinde Nisan ay n n bafl nda teknik de erlendirmelerin yap lmas için, ilk kuyu NFB-1 Q atar s first and major liquefied natural gas (LNG) company Qatargas Liquefied Gas Company Ltd. (Qatargas) was established in 1984 to establish and operate a first-class onshore LNG plant to process natural gas obtained from Qatar s large field called the North Field. Another objective of the company that is one of the major subsidiaries of Qatar Petroleum is to market and export the LNG on a worldwide basis. It is for that reason that the company has formed a special LNG vessel fleet consisting of 10 vessels. Qatargas has an annual capacity of about 8 million tons of LNG from three production trains. The company aims to expand that capacity to 9 million tons in The associated offshore production facilities are designed to produce 40 million cubic meters LNG per day. The company continuously conducts operations to expand the production capacity, and its vision is to be the world s leading supplier of LNG. WHAT IF THERE WAS NO NATURAL GAS IN NORTH FIELD? Qatargas pioneered LNG in Qatar. Everything started with Filonun teknik özellikleri // Technical characteristics of the fleet Boy // Length m En // Breadth 45.75m Derinlik // Depth 25.50m Su Çekimi // Draft 10.95m GRT Yaklafl k // About 112,200 t DWT Yaklafl k // About 68,2000 t LNG Tank Kapasitesi // LNG Tank Capacity Yaklafl k // AboutAbout 135,000 m 3 H z // Speed 19.5 knot MARINE & COMMERCE MARCH

3 BOTAfi'IN YILLAR T BARIYLA DO AL GAZ VE LNG ALIM M KTARLARI BOTAS NATURAL GAS AND LNG PURCHASES BY YEARS Rusya Fed. ran Mavi Ak m Cezayir Nijerya TPAO Spot LNG Toplam Russian Fed. Iran Blue Stream Algeria Nigeria Turkish Total Petroleum Corp. (Million cm 3 ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,560-1, , ,524-2, , ,574-3, , ,539-3, , ,693-3, (QG) 12, ,079-3, , , ,985 1, , , ,078 1, , ,422 3,520 1,252 3,860 1, , ,106 3,558 3,238 3,237 1, ,173 aç ld. LNG nin ifllendikten sonra tafl nmas da gerekliydi. flte bu do rultuda, ilk 7 LNG gemisinin infla sözleflmesi imzaland. OFFSHORE VE ONSHORE TES SLER Qatargas fabrikas n n temel atma töreni 27 Nisan 1994 günü gerçeklefltirildi. 7 Temmuz 1996 günü North Field Bravo aç kdeniz (offshore) platformundan gelen ilk gaz k y ya ulaflt r lm flt. fiirketin North Field Bravo isimli offshore üretim, ay rma ve iflleme tesisleri Katar n 80 km kuzeydo usunda, su derinli inin 50 m oldu u bir bölgede bulunuyor. 98 kiflilik yaflam discovery of the North Field in The recoverable gas reserves in the region are about 11 trillion cubic meters and total gas reserves are in excess of 25 trillion cubic meters. Qatar Petroleum undertook the first phase of the development of this giant gas field. This first development currently produces around 23 million cubic meters per day of raw gas. Most of this gas is processed at the company s onshore LNG plant and then about 50 billion barrels per day are exported. Qatargas was incorporated under Emiri Decree no. 44 on LNG NED R? // WHAT IS LNG? LNG, do algaz n atmosferik flartlarda -164 C 0 nin alt nda so utulmas yla elde edilen, renksiz, kokusuz, korozif olmayan ve zehirsiz bir s v. Do- algaz n hacmi s v laflt r lmas yla 600 kez küçülüyor. S v laflt r lan do al gaz özel tanklarda depolanabilme ve tafl nabilme özelli ine sahip. Türkiye ye ithal edilen do algaz n yaklafl k yüzde 33'ü LNG olarak Cezayir ve Nijerya'dan geliyor. Temel olarak metan (CH 4 ) (yüzde 90 ve üzeri) ve daha düflük oranlarda etan (C 2 H 6 ), propan (C 3 H 8 ) ve daha a r hidrokarbonlar içeren do algaz küçük oranlarda azot (N 2 ), oksijen (O 2 ), karbondioksit (CO 2 ), kükürtlü bileflikler ve su gibi kirleticiler de içerebiliyor. S v laflt rma ifllemi s ras nda kirleticiler uzaklaflt r ld ndan LNG, do algaza göre daha temiz. Kaynak // Source: LNG is a colorless, odorless, non-corrosive and non-toxic gas obtained by cooling the Natural Gas to about -164 degrees Celsius under atmospheric conditions. Liquefaction reduces the volume of Natural Gas by 600 times. The liquefied Natural Gas can be stored and transported inside special tanks. Approximately 33 percent of the natural gas imported by Turkey comes from Algeria and Nigeria as LNG. The natural gas consists mainly of methane (CH 4 ) (90 percent and above), as well as of ethane (C 2 H 6 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ), and heavier hydrocarbons at lower rates. Natural gas may also contain small amounts of pollutants such as nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), carbondioxide (CO 2 ), sulfurous compounds, and water. Since the pollutants are removed during the liquefaction process, LNG is cleaner compared to the natural gas itself. 038

4 November 1, After that, the company concluded the first Sales and Purchase Agreement (SPA) with Chubu Electric for the delivery of four million tons of LNG per year. In line with the Feedstock Gas agreement concluded with the Government of Qatar one year later, Qatargas began supplying natural gas feedstock required for the manufacturing of LNG. In the same year by the beginning of April, the first well, NFB-1, was drilled for technical evaluation. It was also necessary to transport the LNG after processing. For that purpose, the company concluded a shipbuilding contract for the first 7 LNG vessels. OFFSHORE AND ONSHORE FACILITIES mahali bulunan tesis 20 adet de üretim kuyusuna sahip. Bu kuyular sayesinde günde 40 milyon m 3 ifllenmemifl gaz üretiliyor. 3 güverteli platform, gaz n offshore da ifllenmesini gerçeklefltirmek için bir boru ve kablo hatt ile araç, gereç ve ekipman a n birlefltiriyor. fllenmifl gaz, Katar n baflkenti Doha ya 80 km uzakl kta bulunan Ras Laffan Endüstriyel fiehri ndeki LNG onshore tesisine ulaflt r l yor. Bu ifllem denizalt ndan giden 32 inçlik bir boru hatt yla gerçeklefltiriliyor. K y tesisi; arama ve üretim tesisleri, 3 adet ayn özellikli LNG üretim tesisi, 2 kükürt tekrar kazanma ünitesi ile depolama ve yükleme tesislerinden olufluyor. Bu olanaklar sayesinde günde yaklafl k 8 milyon ton LNG üretimi yap labiliyor. fiirketin ayr ca 4 adet LNG depolama tank bulunuyor. Her bir tank eksi 161 C o de 85,000 m 3 LNG depolanmas na olanak veriyor. Tanklar n 1 m kal nl nda, çelikle izole edilmifl beton duvarlar bulunuyor. RAS LAFFAN DAN JAPONYA YA GEM LERLE LNG Üretilen LNG, depolama tanklar ndan Ras Laffan liman bölgesine The laying ceremony of the foundation stone of the Qatargas Plant was held on April 27, On July 7, 1996, the first gas from the North Field Bravo platform received onshore. The company s offshore production, separation and treatment facilities called the North Field Bravo are located about 80 kilometers North-East of Qatar in an area where the water depth is 50 meters. With a living quarters platform for up to 98 people, the facilities have 20 production wells. The wells supply a daily production of 40 million cubic meters of raw gas. The three-deck platform incorporates a network of piping, cabling, vessels and equipment to provide offshore processing of the gas. The processed gas is transported to onshore receiving facilities located within the Ras Laffan Industrial City about 80 kilometers North of Qatar s capital, Doha, via the thirty-two inch pipeline. The onshore plant consists of upstream facilities, 3 identical LNG process trains, 2 sulfur recovery units, storage and loading facilities. Owing to these facilities, around 8 million tons of LNG is produced daily. The company also has 4 LNG storage tanks. Each tank has a capacity to store 85,000 cubic meters of LNG product at a temperature of minus 161 degrees Celsius. The tanks have 1-meter thick concrete walls with a fully insulated inner steel lining. LNG TRANSPORTED FROM RAS LAFFAN TO JAPAN ON VESSELS The LNG produced is transported from the storage tanks to the Ras Laffan port area via a 30-inch pipeline. The LNG is than loaded on to the vessels with a rate of 10 thousand cubic meters an hour. The LNG is transported to Japan, where most of the buyers are located, on vessels with 5 Moss-Rosenberg design spherical LNG tanks with a total capacity of 135 thousand cubic 039

5 Arama ve Üretim Faaliyetlerine Yönelik Ortak Giriflim (Offshore üretim tesisleri ve k y al c tesisleri) The Upstream Joint Venture (the offshore production facilities and the onshore receiving facilities) Qatar Petroleum % 65 Totalfinaelf % 20 Exxonmobil % 10 Mitsui % 2,5 Marubeni % 2,5 Üretim Sonras Faaliyetlere Yönelik Ortak Giriflim Ortaklar (K y LNG tesisi ) The Downstream Joint Venture (the onshore LNG plant) shareholders are Qatar Petroleum % 65 Totalfinaelf % 10 Exxonmobil % 10 Mitsui % 7,5 Marubeni % 7,5 30 inçlik bir boru hatt yla ulaflt r l yor. Limana varan LNG, saatte 10 bin m 3 oranla gemilere yükleniyor. LNG en çok al c n n bulundu u Japonya ya, toplam 135 bin m 3 kapasiteli Moss- Rosenberg tasar m 5 adet küresel LNG tank na sahip gemiler vas tas yla ulaflt r l yor. Japonya ve Ras Laffan aras ndaki sefer yaklafl k 1 ay sürüyor. fiirketin ilk LNG gemisi Al Zubarah 10 Kas m 1996 da teslim edildi. Yine 1996 da üretim sonras faaliyetler tesisi 1 in aç l fl yap ld. Ayn sene içinde ilk LNG üretimi yap ld. 23 Aral k 1996 Qatargas için tarihi bir gündü. Çünkü ilk LNG kargosu Al Zubarah gemisi ile Ras Laffan liman ndan yola ç kt. lk LNG teslimat Japonya da Chubu Electric e gerçeklefltirildi. 1998, Qatargas n filosuna en çok geminin kat ld ve en verimli LNG da t m n gerçeklefltirildi i y l oldu. 2. LNG gemisi Broog un teslim edildi i 1998 senesinde 100. LNG kargosu da limandan yüklendi. Ayn sene, s ras yla Zekreet, Al Wakrah ve Doha da Qatargas filosuna kat ld. lk LNG gemisi Al Zubarah n 18 Haziran 1998 de meters. The voyage time between Japan and Ras Laffan is about 1 month. The company s first LNG vessel Al Zubarah was delivered on November 10, also witnessed the start up of the downstream train 1. Again in the same year the first LNG produced. December 23, 1996 was a historical day for Qatargas, for the first LNG cargo left Ras Laffan on board Al Zubarah. The first LNG was delivered to Chubu Electric in Japan was the year in which most of the vessels joined the fleet of Qatargas and LNG delivery was the most efficient. The second LNG vessel Broog was also delivered in The same year also witnessed the delivery of the 100th LNG cargo. The LNG vessels named Zekreet, Al Wakrah and Doha also joined the fleet of Qatargas in the same year. The first dry-docking of Al Zubarah, company s first LNG vessel, was completed on June 18, Only one week after the delivery of the vessel named Al Bidda, the 200th cargo was loaded. MARINE & COMMERCE MARCH

6 QATARGAS DAN TÜRK YE YE LNG // QATARGAS SUPPLIES LNG TO TURKEY Qatargas 8 Japon firmas ile yapt uzun dönemli LNG anlaflmalar n n yan nda baflka ülkeler ile de spot LNG anlaflmalar yap yor. Bu ülkeler aras nda ngiltere, talya, ABD, Fransa, Belçika, spanya, Kore ve Türkiye de var. Botafl, 1999 y l nda gerçeklefltirdi i toplam 12,657,000 cm3 lük LNG al m n n 331,000 cm 3 ünü spot LNG al m fleklinde Qatargas den gerçeklefltirdi. In addition to long-term LNG agreements concluded with 8 Japanese companies, Qatargas also enters into spot LNG agreements with other countries. Among these countries are the U.K., Italy, the U.S.A., France, Belgium, Spain, South Korea and Turkey. BOTAS, the Petroleum Pipeline Corporation of Turkey, imported 331,000 cubic meters of LNG from Qatargas in the form of spot LNG purchase in BOTAS purchased total of 12,657,000 cubic meters of LNG in ilk kuru havuzlamas tamamland. Al Bidda gemisinin tesliminden sadece 1 hafta sonra 200. kargo LNG yüklendi. Yeni yüzy la girildi inde Qatargas Japonya ya toplam 10 milyon ton LNG yollam fl bulunuyordu. En son LNG gemisi Al Jasra filoya dahil oldu. Yine ayn sene ISO 9002 ve sertifikalar n alan flirket böylelikle kalitesini de onaylatm fl oldu LNG kargosunun 1 Kas m da yüklenmesinin üstünden 1 sene geçmeden 9 A ustos 2001 de 400. kargo yüklendi y l n n son günü 7.8 milyon ton LNG üretimi ve 128 adet kargo teslimi ile rekorlara imza at ld. QATARGAS VE SHELL ANLAfiMASI Qatar Petroleum ve (QP) ve Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies (Shell) 28 fiubat 2005 tarihinde, büyük ölçekli bir LNG projesinin gerçeklefltirilmesi için bir sözleflme tasla (HOA) imzalad. Qatargas 4 isimli proje, Katar n North Field bölgesinden 1,4 bcf/d gaz üretilmesi için bir arama ve üretime yönelik gaz üretim tesisinin kurulmas n öngörüyor. Qatargas 4, QP ve Shell aras nda bir ortak giriflim ve iki flirket s ras yla yüzde 70 ve yüzde 30 öz kaynak pay na sahip. Shell bu giriflimiyle LNG pazar ndaki yerini sa lamlaflt rmay planl yor. & By the beginning of the new century, Qatargas delivered 10 million tons of LNG to Japan. The last LNG vessel named Al Jasra joined the fleet in the same year. Again in 2000, Qatargas obtained the ISO 9002 and certifications. Only after 10 months from the loading of the 300th LNG cargo on November 1, 2000, 400th cargo was loaded on August 9, On the last day of the year 2002, the company broke records with an annual LNG production of 7.8 million tons and annual LNG deliveries of 128 cargoes. AGREEMENT BETWEEN QATARGAS AND SHELL Qatar Petroleum (QP) and Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies (Shell) signed a Heads of Agreement (HOA) on February 28, 2005 for the implementation of a large-scale LNG project. Called Qatargas 4, the project covers establishment of an upstream gas production facility for the production of 1,4 bcf/d gas from the North Field in Qatar. Qatargas 4 is a joint venture between QP and Shell and both companies have 70 and 30 percent equity capital share respectively. Shell plans to strengthen its position in the LNG market. & QATAR PETROLEUM Eski ad Qatar General Petroleum Corporation olan Qatar Petroleum 1974 y l nda tamam na Katar Devletinin sahip oldu u ulusal bir flirket olarak kurulmufltu. Qatar Petroleum Katar ve yurtd fl ndaki tüm petrol ve gaz sanayii faaliyetlerinden sorumlu bir kurulufl. fiirket ayr ca petrol, do algaz ve di er hidrokarbonlar arama ve ç karma, rafine etme, ayr ca bu maddeler ile türevlerinin ve yan ürünlerinin nakliyesini gerçeklefltirme, depolama, ticaretini, da t m n, sat fl n ve ihracat n yapma faaliyetlerinden de sorumlu. Qatar Petroleum un yan kurulufllar flunlar: Qatar Fertiliser Company, Qatar Petrochemical, Qatargas, RasGas, Qatar Fuel Additives, Qatar Vinyl Company, Qatar Chemical, ve Gulf Helicopter Company. Qatar Petroleum (previously known as Qatar General Petroleum Corporation) was established in 1974 as a national corporation completely owned by the State of Qatar. Qatar Petroleum is responsible for all oil and gas industry process in Qatar and abroad, including exploration and drilling for oil, natural gas and other hydrocarbon substances, production, refining, transport and storage of the aforementioned substances and any of their derivatives and by-products, as well as trading in, distribution, sale and export of these substances. Qatar Petroleum s subsidiaries are Qatar Fertiliser Company, Qatar Petrochemical, Qatargas, RasGas, Qatar Fuel Additives, Qatar Vinyl Company, Qatar Chemical, Gulf Helicopter Company. 041