STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY OF THE TURKISH JUDICIARY ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION EU-CoE Joint Project

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1 STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY OF THE TURKISH JUDICIARY ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION EU-CoE Joint Project RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINING MODULES ON THE PROTECTION OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION BASED ON THE OUTCOMES OF THE INITIAL WORKING GROUP MEETING (3-6 March 2015, Ankara) Prepared by Mr Bert Maan, Long Term Consultant with the contributions by Short-Term Consultants: Ms Öykü Didem Aydın Ms İpek Gürkaynak Ms Silvia Palomba Ms Dominika Bychawska-Siniarska Mr Yaşar Salihpaşaoğlu This paper is produced as part of the European Union/Council of Europe Joint Project on Strengthening the Capacity of Turkish Judiciary on Freedom of Expression, funded by the European Union/Council of Europe/Republic of Turkey and implemented by the Council of Europe. Turkish Justice Academy is the Beneficiary of this project. The Central Finance and Contracts Unit is the Contracting Authority of this project. The author is the Long-Term Consultant of the project. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not engage the responsibility of the Council of Europe, the European Union and/or the beneficiary institutions.

2 1.INTRODUCTION. Consultants and participants at the meeting have delivered presentations and reports, as well as presented results of group work discussions. This constitutes a solid base for recommendations, which can be broadly shared by the involved persons. Attached as reference material to this report are the reports of the consultants Silvia Palomba, Dominika Bychawska-Siniarska, Yaşar Salihpaşaoğlu and İpek Gürkaynak as well as the reports of the three working groups (A, B and C) on both contents and methodology. An additional reference document includes the presentation made by consultant Öykü Didem Aydın. 1 The present report and recommendations are to be considered as a document with a limited scope and content. In order to ensure its readability, it concentrates on the main lines and most pressing issues. Nevertheless, it contains a rich series of ideas and suggestions, worth to take into account when finally shaping the proposed programmes and the course of activities. Moreover, additional information was received from the Turkish Academy of Justice about the training an education activities in the topic over the last three years (cited under 2.). Finally, the assessment report and recommendations by the consultants Benedek and Cengiz of December 2014 was taken into account. 1. Pre-service training and in-service education. As remarked by the consultants Benedek and Cengiz, for the Academy it will a matter of attention to ensure its collective memory. This implies having and maintaining and archive, but also the possibility to access the information fast and easy and to benefit from earlier experiences. The target group of these trainings are different, both in numbers, educational setting and in experience. For that reason, it will be useful to make a distinction between these two, having these consequences for both the programme, time and the methodology. This may also go for the trainers, but not necessarily; it is quite possible that good trainers in one area are also good in the other. What important in any case is that the contents and developments are educated in an identical way, in order to avoid or prevent confusion. According to information from the Academy, the following information clearly the archives allowed for retrieving this - is relevant. During the last three years the trainings have been taken place as follows. 1 In this initial draft recommendation paper the Annex includes only the draft list of proposed publications to be purchased for the JAT s Human Rights Unit. The outcomes of the initial working group meeting have been made available in the Annexes of the Draft Progress Report. 1

3 - Pre-service Regular general courts training programme includes the following training courses: Training course on Freedom of Expression has been delivered within 8 hours during the last period of the training programme; Training courses on Cyber Crime and Criminal Defamation have been delivered within 4 and 8 hours, respectively; No training course on Press crimes has been conducted by the Turkish Justice Academy; The training course on Organized Crimes and Terror Crimes has been delivered within 8 hours for the last time during the last period of the 16 th Civil Law Training Programme in 24 March-24 July 2014; Afterwards, the Course Organized Crimes and Terror Crimes has been moved to the curriculum of in-service training. - In-service EU-MoJ Training Programme on Cyber Crime (02-04 May 2012) Cyber Crime and the Methods of Obtaining of Evidence (18-22 March 2013) Examination Procedures in relation with Organized Crime (15-16 April 2013) Seminar on Freedom of Expression and Crimes committed through Press (23-24 December 2013) In-Service Training Seminar on Examination and Prosecution Procedures concerning Organized Crime (11-13 June 2014) Training Seminar on Counter-Terrorism Law [This seminar contains a sub-topic dealing with freedom of expression within the framework of countering terrorism, while respecting ECHR and the jurisprudence of ECtHR] (12-14 November 2014) Having said that pre-service and in-service training will require a somewhat differentiated approach, this does not mean that here should not be any relation between the two, on the contrary. The core of the information and instruction, the material to be taught must not contradict. Moreover, in a certain way the in-service training after some years of experience will be built on the pre-service training. Once judges during their initial training period have received training on freedom of expression, they cannot be considered to be ready for the rest of their career. Particularly when they will be placed in courthouses or higher courts/department/chamber dealing with these kinds of cases, they will need additional education, to fresh up their knowledge in a rapidly changing world. This also shows the need for a continued coordination between the two parts of the programme of the Academy on freedom of expression. 1. The place of the FoE in the Academy training and education programme. As comes from this information, presently the topic does not have a proper and explicit place in the programme and curriculum of the Academy. Participants to the Working Group however, were in agreement that it concerns a very important subject and that it needs adequate and explicit attention in the programme, preferably as a separate topic.. 2

4 It does not under all circumstances mean that it should be a totally separate topic, but in case a specific chapter on human rights training is introduced in the programme, then it may be part of that training on human rights. So, in the programme of the Academy, to be established every academic year, FoE needs to be given a clear and defined place, in terms of time, hours, methodology/activity, relation to other human rights training, taking into account the different approaches for pre-service and in-service education. In that respect, among the working group members it was common understanding that the numbers of training hours have to be increased. Experience (evaluations, also by the trainers themselves) will show what the really required number of hours will appear to be. The suggestion to conduct a survey among the members of the judiciary to identify needs and priorities is in itself useful, but should nevertheless not be followed. One may take the need for training on this topic for granted, given the agreement which is the basis of the project and given the daily reality as can be seen in Turkey today in its newspapers and other media. Nevertheless, over the years one must be attentive as to the needs and wishes among judges, so that gradually the programme in frequency, time, methodology can be adjusted to the needs of the judiciary and society as a whole. The training may be differentiated according to the different target groups: military courts judges, administrative judges, criminal judges and candidates for the judiciary. Presently the impression is that no training is dedicated to the freedom of expression, but it may be true that courses on press crimes appear to exist. Starting point of training on Freedom of Expression, should be exactly that freedom, and needs proper attention and emphasis. This might lead to a lesser emphasis on existing legal provisions, aiming at restricting this right. 2. The educational objectives. The purpose of these trainings is to make members of the Turkish judiciary familiar with Freedom of Expression but also with the proper way to deal with disputes in these matters. In the first place everyone in Turkey is confronted with concepts of FoE as well as with the consequences of limitations to this freedom. Recent events - closing down Twitter for instance have proved that it is a burning issue. That being so, it implies that almost everyone has an opinion on these issues and that the courts are not able to satisfy all those involved of these matters. However the knowledge and understanding of international standards in that respect remains insignificant. In addition, the Turkish judicial system can be characterised as rule based, applying the relevant legislation, while this is different in the FoE context. Here courts and prosecutors must try to balance the different aspects, in a more principle based approach. In other words, the education aims at making the participants not only familiar with the concepts but also the the manner in which judges need to take a decision, often a matter of trial and error, arguments pro versus arguments contra, thus reaching in discussions among themselves or even within themselves a decision, of which they may feel confident and safe to have used the right starting points and criteria. 3

5 In this context one may take into consideration that each judicial officer is aware of the existing system for placement and promotion, in which judgements, for instance in these kinds of cases, play a role; of the courts are in a position to rule on cases, which will not be seen as a short term advantage to authorities. Moreover, the influence of the Judicial Inspection may influence the feeling of judges and prosecutors. This implies that the education must contribute to a safe and secure feeling by the magistrates in these rapidly changing fields. 3. Procedure to determine methodology. Members of the working group propose to organise a further session of the working group. The three subgroups should discuss among themselves an make an attempt to reach an agreement on the programme and the methodology. This meeting should be completed with input by judges and other experts, having experience in this field. After having had these consultations a further draft must be made, detailed in terms of time schedule and content, to be submitted to international consultants and finally to stakeholders. This suggestion will be mentioned ate the upcoming meetings of the Steering Committee for discussion. Another preferred - option would be that on the basis of the present comprehensive contributions and input training and education well be designed, implemented and evaluated, after which possibly adjustments must be made. 4. Methodology. a. General remarks. For participants it will be good to determine beforehand what they may expect and which qualifications they may expect to have acquired from the graining, if need be confirmed aby a certificate. It was common understanding that the Academy has to perform its educational activities as adult training. This is different from education during earlier life, as adults themselves are not only to be seen as receivers of information and instruction but also as imparting such, bringing their own experience and skills into the educational activities. Moreover, the situation as stated under the previous heading, makes that the methodology reflects the reality of the judge: using the right criteria and topical aspects, searching and finding the right thing to do, the right decision to take, either in the form of a judgment or in the form of a decision on yes-or-no prosecution. Understanding of the different roles that parties in procedures (judge, prosecutor, witness, expert, suspect, lawyer, victim) play and the feelings that they undergo, are informative for the judicial officers, in order to enhance their skills to a successful professional behaviour. 4

6 This means that the main activity should be on group work (based, of course, on a sufficient knowledge of the specific field of law and the principles that govern it) during which on the basis of existing cases (domestic or international; if required amended) group discussions take place. It may often be good to change the composition of the groups during the training days. The trainers need to be inspiring, show enthusiasm and must make an effort to motivate the participate to speak up, by creating a safe atmosphere, for instance by stating that there is no such thing as a wrong answer. Often the cases presented may have contained a wrong decision, so one finds himself in good company. Particularly experiencing the different roles, can be achieved by moot courts or role play. One may hear the objection that judges and prosecutors in general find difficulty and are hesitant to actively participate in these sorts of activities, but that should not be considered as an impediment. Experiences show that once a safe environment is created, the activity is well prepared and executed, participants appear to be very enthusiastic about it. A practical matter however concerns the fact that it is rather time consuming (at the least a half day), which might make that only in certain course such an element is concluded. From experts Palomba and Bychawska-Siniarska I quote the following: It is key for a good trainer to understand that the trainings will be delivered to adults, particularly judges, who already have some basis on FoE and are already working on FoE. In this sense, trainers have the burden to present their lessons in a way that respects the trainees. Adult training must be understood as an exchange experience where both trainers and trainees can learn from each other. To do this, a trainer must know his audience, must be well educated, have a very good cumulated knowledge, leave out any judgmental attitude, and be so enthusiastic to make the trainees feel the right enthusiasm to reach the set goal. In this particular case the set objective is changing mentality attitude. Adult trainings must be motivating and enjoyable for the attendees, and efficient. Making the material that will be used during the training available in advance to the trainees it could ensure motivation and attendance. b. Online training. One may not anticipate that any judge or prosecutor without professional need will move to following online courses. The experience with this relatively new way of education shows that participants are prepared to follow such a training when there is a more or less pressing need or to accumulate more knowledge supported by official certificates or other advantages. As a consequence, for the pre-service training the proposal to be followed was that having successfully followed an online course a certificate is obtained, the second stage of the initial training can be started. This way on-line training becomes a sort of entry prerequisite but also an incentive to pursue the online course. In addition, the trainees for the judiciary are relatively young about years old and are much more used to the use of IT tools than the judges and prosecutors of the old generation. This will make following such e-learning less problematic. 5

7 For in-service training, this scenario is different. Taking into account the impressive workload of judges and prosecutors, online courses will only be followed just in case of need. For that purpose it will be useful to determine in which courthouses/jurisdictions the FoE cases will be heard at trial. Most probably this will be the case in four courthouses: Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara and Diyarbakir. Civil judges and judges in heavy crimes courts in these regions rank among the first target group. One could in cooperation with the leadership of the court and the High Council for Judges and Prosecutors HSYK determine the judges and prosecutors to follow specific courses on FoE and require as a proper preparation following a - mandatory - online course. In such a way the subsequent education in Ankara or elsewhere will be more fruitful, leading to a really integrated know how with these judges and prosecutors on FoE. For this last type of training, according to experts the so called blended e-learning approach may be chosen: a combination of online information, questions to be answered and tasks to be fulfilled together with support by an individual, online or not. The existing HELP methodology could also be used to this end. HELP could be linked to the website of the JAT or a similar (moodle) platform could be developed at the exclusive benefit of the Turkish Judiciary. The UYAP programme could also be integrated and the IT professionals who developed this support could help on this, including to make online training attractive. A secured dialogue platform for prosecutors and judges could also be developed. For inhabitants of CoE member states the HELP-programme is freely available, a very useful and sophisticated tool, which can enrich legal professionals with updated human right knowledge and skills to apply the principles. However, HELP is not accessible to everyone, so for instance in the framework of this project, it may be considered to facilitate the use of HELP and lower its threshold. In this sense it might be a good idea to compile a user manual (a hard copy) on the hand of which the less experienced user can find its way. It should contain the different options that are available, including logging in, choosing the programme, and the language, what one may expect from the support by the teacher, and how the tests are working. Even apart from the training on freedom of expression, it might be an option for the Academy to offer participants to trainings a short introduction and practical training and instruction on the use of HELP, so that the members of the judiciary on their working places can access HELP and improve their knowledge and skills whenever they feel a need for it. Maybe one way or another a link with the existing UYAP system might be possible. In addition, it might form an incentive of operating online the accessibility of materials and judgments online, as well as the possibility to share experiences on FoE with other members of the judiciary. c. Cascade training. Looking at the number of the candidate trainers, it may be taken into consideration that the cascade training will take place at a location outside Ankara. There should be an attractive 6

8 environment in order to emphasise the appreciation of the motivation of the trainers to be trained and to show them the respect they deserve. In selection of trainers, the pool existing at the Academy needs to be taken into account; this goes also for professors already training at the Academy. 5. Conditions. Often it was suggested to hold these trainings, particularly for in-service training, outside Ankara in order to prevent participant to spend some of their time visiting third persons instead of being active during the training. If training of judges and prosecutors takes place outside Ankara, it might be useful to consider to have it organised in other provinces that where the participants come from. In general it would be the preference to make use the premises of the Academy, but for more or less sophisticated trainings like combinations of training of media judges, moot courts and presentations on Freedom of Expression for a longer period of time, like 5 days an outside location may be preferable. Although it can be understood very well that participants fancy nice locations and conditions, one has to bear in mind that training and education is an integral part of the professional work and that it may be expected from participants to concentrate on and give priority to attending all training activities and organise their visits to third persons outside training hours. This view on professionalism if shared by the HSYK, Inspection Board and High Courts needs to be expressed towards the judges in the different courts, in order to contribute to an increased professional attitude. Another aspect concerns access to the relevant material. That goes for the preparation and the implementation of the training, but is also afterwards still very necessary. The project foresees creating a corner in the library of the Academy in order to show visibly the importance of the topic. But it is useful to look if a sort of documentary source might be possible where judges and prosecutors later can ask for additional or new information and even may get an indication or suggestion as to the approach of specific issues. Such an office apparently already exists at the Council of State, possibly also at the Court of Cassation. It will be necessary for a proper strengthening of the judiciary to regulate the access to this documentary bases for judges; something comparable may be arranged for prosecutors. A matter, more linked with methodology, concerns the use of training material. Of course, one will need PowerPoint presentations - and equipment -, flipcharts and/or whiteboards, but as far as the group work, role play and moot courts are concerned, the presence and availability of video equipment can be considered an advantage through which participants can observe the interaction between people and identify good and less desirable practices. 6. Selection and the person of trainers. From the side of the working group many useful and relevant objective criteria are produced (years of experience, judges ranked first class, judges from the high courts, additional skills), but this does not ipso facto ensure an adult training as the working group has in mind. It will 7

9 be essential to move away from the lecture system, where the lecturer is the persons who knows, but this does not always guarantee that principles of adjusted training are met. Adult training implies the ability to let the participants be active in thinking and discussing. They are not only people who are taught, but through their experience of very different kinds also imparting their knowledge and skill. The active participation in smaller groups (up to 15) must be provoked and maintained, without losing the sight at the ultimate aim. The trainer is supposed to be resourceful as to the content (professional authority) but must also be able to encourage and inspire. As said earlier, adult training presupposes that participation is fun, in the serious meaning of that word. Access to the most recent material for these training must be ensured; this requires the trainer to have a good command of English to read the recent case law from the ECtHR. In addition, the trainers should have received an appropriate training of trainers. Selection of trainers must also be based on the assessment of these characteristics. Training of trainers must include this aspect as well. Suggestions were made to include judge-rapporteurs ate the Constitutional Courts (particularly those who deal with individual complaints), maybe also from the other High Courts. After each and every training an evaluation must be taken, where participants openly comment on this aspect; if a trainer continuously scores insufficient on this issue, there is no other option than to replace him. It might be taken in consideration for these trainings in the more interactive part, to put not one, but two trainers before the group. One could focus on content and the other more on the group process and interaction. The present topic may be a matter of the mind, but it is to many extents certainly also a matter of the heart, as it touches in principle everyone: whenever a limitation is set to the freedom of expression, it touches virtually the whole population. For that reason and to make clear how such limitations affect the people involved, it is necessary to invite to participate in trainings the experts by experience: journalists, representatives of NGO s, lawyers, academics. For judges and prosecutors it is necessary to get acquainted with the professionals in the field. A side effect, by the way, will be that by attending these activities the journalists and the people involved in the field of the media will have a better understanding of the dilemmas with which judges and prosecutors are confronted. It may therefore lead to a better understanding and clearer view on the freedom of expression, its scope and limitations. 7. Course material. In the first place, each activity, modules of the training needs to de detailed and the related methodology and material must be defined precisely in advance. What needs to be determined is the way to deliver the concepts and the methodology reflected in the module, containing for instance: - A general outline - Definition of FoE (scope of protection, not only content but form as well); 8

10 - Philosophical basis; - Presentation of the main texts referring to FoE (international and constitution); - Limitations of FoE (health, public morals, reputation, security, presumption of innocence); - Clashes of rights (terrorism/security, religion v. FoE); - Analysis of Turkish regulations that raise questions as to FoE; - Statistics of violations to highlight the problem; - Examples of ECtHR case law (violation and no violation cases); - Examples from the Constitutional Court of Turkey as well as from other countries; - 3 steps test application, test used by ECtHR in order to adjudicate on art. 10 cases o1. Interference with the rights to FoE, o2. Prescribed by law, o3. Necessary in a democratic society; - Highlight bad practices and showing good practices, both in Turkey and other relevant member states; As far as further course material is concerned, one needs to make a distinction in the moment that the course material must be available: a. Before the training (preparation material) b. During the training (course material) c. After the training (resource material). Ad a. A proposal not discussed during the meeting of the working group, but an idea by the consultant himself would be tot develop a reader, as it is called. A reader contains selected copies of relevant texts, parts of judgments, quotes from books, introducing the whole scope very briefly. A sort of warming up; not more than 8 A4. It can contain an enumeration of books and references. In addition, a clear methodology/guide book must be prepared in order to conduct training properly; Ad b. Required will be: - Summary of case law (as an example: Aire Centre in London provides for these summaries on each article: a short description of the facts and the principal solution by the court) - Booklets; - Novels, video s and films; - E-books for online trainings; - An accessible on-line collection/library with the materials used for on-line training - Links to the website of the Academy and to useful national (e.g. MoJ web page); - Links to international websites (e.g. HELP, HUDOC); - Outcome planned for each module; - As examples e.g.- decisions of non-prosecution; - National, ECtHR and Constitutional court cases ( sophisticated case law ) - Compare old and new cases in Turkey to analyse the evolution of the issue; - References and clearly indicated sources. 9

11 Ad c. - Creating a journal by the Academy, devoted to human rights and the CoE; - ECtHR cases (including judgments and inadmissibility decisions) collected and revised by the apparently existing commission instituted within the Council of State; - Introduction to HUDOC use of the website and its search and filter functions; - Documentation units at the High Courts. 8. The role of High Courts: Constitution Court, Court of Cassation and Council of State. These authoritative courts in the recent years have delivered important judgements on actual complicated cases. Much know how on this topic is accumulated in these courts and its members, or some of them. In addition, these courts have made many efforts In general one sees that in a judiciary among peers freedom of professional discussion exists where in the framework of training and seminars, members of the judiciary among themselves openly exchange experiences and views, based on judgements in the past, but also how they might approach new situations. In such a professional setting of peers, sharing experiences proves to be very useful also to create the feeling to be members of the same professional community, contributing to the necessary consistency in approach and decision. From this perspective, it would be good that the leadership of the High Courts shows an active interest in the development and implementation of the training programmes and activities, for instance by allowing experienced judges to be available as resource persons or even teachers. Where they might accumulate documentation and are in a position to support courts and prosecutors with information and guidance, one may consider to find ways and means to make that available to the judiciary as a whole. 9. Study visits. The project plan envisages several study visits and secondments/placements. As experts Cengiz and Benedek have highlighted, selection of participants needs to be done carefully, with a view of the later position as trainer or trainer-of-trainers and/or their role and responsibility for the development and implementation of the vision and mission of the Academy. As to the study visit to Straatsburg, one should make an effort to attend a hearing by the Court, if possible a hearing about a Freedom of Expression case. In order to manage the expectations: an effort will be made, but it would be purely incidental when this might occur. One should nevertheless try to bring participants in contact with officials dealing with freedom of expression cases. The same goes for Turkish judges/lawyers working at the court. As to the countries to be visited, many ideas have been expressed. However, the project team will need to try to find countries where freedom of expression is well developed (but nevertheless causes problems still) and at the same time good practices of judicial training exists. Countries mentioned were Spain, Georgia, Sweden, Austria, The Netherlands, the UK. In addition, when visiting abroad, it is good to take the opportunity to visit international institutions dealing with judiciary and human rights like the OSCE in Vienna, the ICTY and the ICC in The Hague. 10

12 10. Recommendations. i. The Academy of Justice in Turkey is the organisation to be responsible for proper training and education for (candidate) judges and prosecutors ii. iii. iv. The Academy should in its annual programme determine the specific times and place for training of the Freedom of Expression and related human rights; The present time set for training in Freedom of Expression is not sufficient; the precise time to be dedicated to this topic needs to be determined by the Academy, taking into account priority, target group and methodology; After each training an evaluation takes place, both from the participants and by the trainers; on the basis of that information gradually the training will develop into a generally accepted activity within the Turkish judiciary; v. The training should receive the general support from the Judicial authorities in Turkey. vi. Distinction will be made between pre-service and in service training, however with common elements (programme, trainers) For pre service training, on line modules on Freedom of Expression should be made mandatory, between the first and second phase of the judicial education; a certificate will be supplied For in-service training, on line modules are to be used in preparation to in-person trainings/seminars on Freedom of Expression, so as to ensure a mandatory average knowledge of judges and prosecutors beforehand the meeting. HELP (eventually adapted to the Turkish judiciary)or another different online platform should be used. A blended e- learning approach and a certificate of completion should be considered in terms of methodology vii. The threshold for using HELP will be lowered, possibly by issuing an appropriate manual. viii. ix. In case of in service training it may be necessary to make a distinction between prosecutors, military, administrative and civil judges; In-service training must be targeted on judges and prosecutors in the courthouses in Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara and Diyarbakir, and to other courthouses where freedom of expression cases are heard regularly; x. Training must contribute to a safe and secure feeling of members of the judiciary in these cases, which includes the same atmosphere during the training activities. xi. xii. : All trainings and information provided should be referenced. JA is in a position to collect the relevant training materials (literature, case law, summaries) 11

13 xiii. xiv. xv. xvi. Training and education is focused of human rights/freedom of expression, in general and against the background of the situation in Turkey. A choice can be made in two approaches ( or a combination of the two): a. Identifying the legislation that falls within the ambit of art 10 ECHR, or b. Presenting the European human rights standards in general and look at the implementation and practice in Turkey. The training being adult training, consists of imparting fundamental knowledge (law and case law), but focuses in particular on groups talks and discussions. As tools can be mentioned further: group (guided) discussions, moot courts, films; xvii. xviii. xix. xx. xxi. xxii. xxiii. xxiv. xxv. xxvi. xxvii. Cascade training might be held in suitable conference venues outside Ankara; A documentary source (department) may be created at one or more of the High Courts (or where they exists are made accessible), where judges and prosecutors can ask questions about FoE and relevant documents,, case law or literature; Among the requirements for training courses, one might include videotaping equipment; Trainers must be well selected, be resourceful and motivating and inspiring; trainers must be trained in advance so as to ensure they are all able to ensure the same level of quality of teaching in cascade trainings. Trainers must have a good command in English; they should have received a training of trainers; One might consider to provide for more than one trainer in case of trainings in interactive groups; Third persons/ other stakeholders may be included in the training: journalists, representatives of NGO s, lawyers, academics; Each training course requires a module describing learning objective, methodology and material; Course material may be divided in material useful before, during and after the training; Leadership of the High Courts and the Constitutional Court are actively interested in these trainings and allow as much of possible judges and judge rapporteurs to support and contribute; During a study visit to Straatsburg, an effort will be made to attend a hearing by the court, preferable in a case concerning art 10; 12

14 xxviii. xxix. Target countries for other study visits will have developed judicial training institutions and be well experienced in freedom and expression, but still facing complications; During visits abroad, the visit may include visiting relevant international bodies or institutions. 13

15 ANNEX: PROPOSED DRAFT LIST OF PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS IN TURKISH 1. Abdurrahman, Eren: Özgürlüklerin Sınırlanmasında Demokratik Toplum Düzeninin Gerekleri, İstanbul Adnan, Küçük: İfade Hürriyetinin Unsurları, Ankara, Liberte Yayınları, Ahmet Şeref, Gözübüyük/ Feyyaz, Gölcüklü: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi ve Uygulaması Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi İnceleme ve Yargılama Yöntemi (Dokuzuncu Bası). Ankara, 2011, Seçkin. 4. Ahmet, Danışman: Basın Özgürlüğünün Sağlanması Önlemleri, Devletin Basın Karsısındaki Aktif Tutumu 5. Ahmet, Gökçen: Düşünce Özgürlüğü, Kapsamı, Sınırlandırılması ve 5237 Sayılı TCK nın Getirdiği Düzenlemeler, Üçüncü Yılında Yeni Ceza Adalet Sistemi, Ankara Ahmet, Gökçen: Halkı Kin ve Düşmanlığa Açıkça Tahrik Cürmü, Liberal Düşünce, Ankara, Ahmet, İnam: Düşünce Özgürlüğünden Özgür ve Özgürleştirici Düşünceye, İstanbul Ahmet, Kılıçoğlu, M. Şeref: Haysiyet ve Özel Yaşama Basın Yoluyla Saldırılardan Hukuksal Sorumluluk, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara, Ahmet, Mumcu: İnsan Hakları ve Kamu Özgürlükleri: Kavramlar, Evrensel ve Ulusal Gelişimleri, Bugünkü Durumları, Turhan, Ankara, Akıllıoğlu Tekin: İnsan Hakları-1: Kavram, Kaynaklar ve Koruma Sistemleri, A.Ü.S.B.F. İnsan Hakları Merkezi Yayınları, Ankara Aktan Hamdi Yaver, Ünsal Levent: Gündem Oluşturan Yargı Kararlarında Laiklik ve İfade Özgürlüğü, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, Aktan, Coşkun Can, İstiklal Yaşar Vural ve Tülay Aktan: Haklar ve Özgürlükler Antolojisi, Ankara, Alexander Larry: İfade Özgürlüğü Hakkı Var Mı?, Ankara Ali, Akkurt: Basın Özgürlüğünün Kapsamı ve Sınırları, Adalet, Ali, İşgören: Avrupa Birliği Sürecinde Toplantı ve Gösteri Yürüyüşleri Özgürlüğü, Seçkin, Ankara, Ali, İşgören: Türk Hukukunda Toplantı ve Gösteri Yürüyüşleri, Seçkin, Ankara, Ali, Okumuş: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Kararları Işığında Türkiye de İfade Hürriyeti, Adalet, Ankara Ali, Tanju Sarıgül: Kişiye Tanınan Özgürlük ve Güvenlik Hakkı, Seçkin, Almador Raphael Cohen: İfade, Medya ve Etik İfade Özgürlüğünün Sınırları, Ankara Alpkaya Gökçen/ Altıparmak Kerem/ Amouroux Arnaud/Arslan Zühtü/ Badse Christoffer/ Başkaya Fikret/ Bilgen Ayhan/ Can Osman/ Erdoğan Mustafa/ İlkiz Fikret/ Korkut Levent/ Pech Laurent/ Redmond Sophie/ Sancar Türkan/ Yurdatapan Şanar: İfade Özgürlüğü İlkeler ve Türkiye, İstanbul Aron Raymond: Özgürlükler Üzerine Deneme, Ankara Artun, Avcı: Türkiye'de İnternet ve İfade Özgürlüğü, Legal, İstanbul

16 23. Aslı, Baysal: Birleşmiş Milletler ve Avrupa Birliğinin Norm Yayıcı Aktörler Olarak Karşılaştırılması: Darfur Krizi ve Türkiye'de İfade Özgürlüğü, İstanbul Atilla, Yayla: Özgürlüğün Peşinde, Ankara Avcı Kemal: Türkiye de Düşünceyi İfade ve Basın Özgürlüğü Sorunları Üzerine Bir İnceleme, ( Dönemi Düşünceyi İfade ve Basın Özgürlüğü Sorunları -Suçlar, Cezalar ve Suçlular-) Ankara Aydın Öykü Didem: Üç Demokraside Düşünce Özgürlüğü ve Ceza Hukuku 1: Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Ankara Aydın, Akgül: Danıştay ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Kararları Işığında Kişisel Verilerin Korunması, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, Ayhan Beydoğan: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi Işığında Türk Hukukunda Siyasi İfade Hürriyeti, Liberte, Ankara, Ayhan Döner: İnsan Haklarının Uluslararası Alanda Korunması ve Avrupa Sistemi, Seçkin Yay., Ankara, Ayhan, Bilgen: Güvenlik-Özgürlük: Yanlış Bir Denklem, İfade Özgürlüğü, İlkeler ve TürkiyeHacı Ali ÖZHAN, Bekir Berat ÖZİPEK (Yay. Haz.): Yargıtay Kararlarında İfade Hürriyeti, Liberte, Ankara, Aykut Ersan: Toplantı ve Gösteri Yürüyüşü Hakkı, Oniki Levha Yay, Banu, Baybars Hawks: Terör Olaylarının Basın Özgürlüğüne Etkileri: ABD ve Türkiye Örneği, İÜİY, İstanbul, Barış, Günaydın: İnternet Yayıncılığı ve İfade Özgürlüğü 5651 Sayılı Kanun ve İlgili Mevzuat, Adalet, Başer Murat: İnsancıl Hukuk- Yeni Savaşlar, Yapısal Sorunlar ve Korunmayan İnsan Hakları, Gazi Yayınevi, Ankara, Bauman, Zygmunt: Özgürlük, Sarmal, İstanbul, Bekir Berat, Özipek: Teorik ve Pratik Boyutlarıyla İfade Özgürlüğü, Ankara Bekir, Özgen: Düşünce Özgürlüğü ve Laiklik, İstanbul Benan, Molu/ Esra, Demir Gürsel/ Gülşah, Kurt/ Hülya, Dinçer/ Zeynep, Kıvılcım: Üniversitelerde Disiplin Soruşturmaları: Öğrencilerin İfade ve Örgütlenme Özgürlüğü, 1. Baskı, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, Bozlak Ayhan: ABD Hukukunda Özel Hayatın Gizliliği Hakkının Korunması, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, Burhan, Kuzu: Anayasamızda Düşünce ve Düşünceleri Açıklama Hürriyeti, Yeni Türkiye Dergisi, No: 22, Ankara Bülent Tanör: Siyasi Düşünce Hürriyeti ve 1961 Türk Anayasası, Öncü Kitabevi, Bülent, Algan: Ekonomik, Sosyal ve Kültürel Hakların Korunması, Seçkin Yayınevi, Ankara, Bülent, Tanör : TCK 142.madde: Düşünce Özgürlüğü ve Uygulama, İstanbul Bülent, Tanör Türkiye nin İnsan Hakları Sorunu, İstanbul, Bülent, Tanör: Türkiye de Düşünce Özgürlüğüne İlişkin Hukuk Politikaları, İstanbul Bülent, Uygun: Türkiye'de İfade Özgürlüğü, İstanbul Cüneyt, Er: Biyometrik Yöntemler ve Özel Hayatın Gizliliği Hakkı, Yetkin Yay., Çetin, Özek / Oral, Çalışlar/ Süheyl, Batum Süheyl/ Zafer, Üskül: Düşünce ve İfade Özgürlüğü, Ankara, Çetin, Özek: Türk Basın Hukuku, İstanbul Çınar Özgür, Heval: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Kararlarının Türk Hukukuna Etkisi, İstanbul

17 51. Dilara, Yüzer: 1982 Anayasası'nda Basın Özgürlüğü Karşısında Kişilik Hakkı ve Korunması, Yetkin, Doğu, Ergil: Demokratik ve Katılımcı Yönetimin Önkoşulu Olarak İfade Özgürlüğü, İstanbul Donna Gomian, ve David Harris: Düşünce, İnanç, Vicdan ve İfade Özgürlüğü, Çev. Orhan Kemal Cengiz, İstanbul, Erhan, Günay: Yargısal Görevlerinden Dolayı Hakimlerin Tazminat Sorumluluğu ile Hakimlere, C. Savcılarına ve Avukatlara Karşı İşlenen Hakaret Suçları, Ankara Esra, Atalay: Türkiye de Toplantı ve Gösteri Yürüyüşleri Özgürlüğü, DEÜHF, İzmir, Fazıl, Sağlam: Temel Hakların Sınırlanması ve Özü, AÜSBFY, Ankara, Ferhat, Yıldız: Türk Anayasa Hukukunda Basın Özgürlüğü, Adalet, Ankara, Feyyaz, Gölcüklü: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Divanında Söz ve İfade Hürriyeti, Ankara Frederick, Schauer, İfade Özgürlüğü Felsefi Bir İnceleme, Çev. M. Bahattin Seçilmişoğlu, Ankara, Friedrich A., Hayek: Hukuk Yasama ve Özgürlük: Özgür Bir Toplumun Siyasi Düzeni, İstanbul Gülay, Arslan Öncü: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinde Özel Yaşamın Korunması, Beta, İstanbul, Gülsüm, Depeli: İfade Özgürlüğünün On Yılını Okumak, Bia, İstanbul, Güney, Dinç: Sorularla Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi (Birinci Baskı). Ankara: Türkiye Barolar Birliği Yayınları, Ankara, Hacı Ali Özhan / Bekir Berat Özipek: Yargıtay Kararlarında İfade Hürriyeti, Ankara Hamide, Zafer: Özel Hayatın ve Hayatın Gizli Alanının Ceza Hukukuyla Korunması, Beta, İstanbul, Harold Joseph, Laski: Düşünce Özgürlüğü, İstanbul, Hasan, Sınar: Türk Ceza Adalet Sisteminin Basın Özgürlüğü Yönünden Yarattığı Temel Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri Sempozyumu, On İki Levha, Hayrettin, Ökçesiz: Özgür Düşünmenin Hukuk ve Devlet Felsefesi, Düşünce Özgürlüğü, İstanbul Hüseyin, Hatemi: Düşünce Özgürlüğünün İlahi-Tabii Hukukta Temellendirilmesi ve Kavramsal Sınırları, İstanbul Ioanna Kuçuradi: İnsan Hakları Human Rigts, Maltepe Üni. Yay., Ioanna, Kuçuradi: Düşünce Özgürlüğü Nedir Acaba?, İstanbul Ioanna, Kuçuradi: İnsan Haklarının Felsefi Temelleri, Ankara İbrahim, Kaboğlu: Düşünce Özgürlüğü (Avrupa Ölçütleri ve Türkiye), İHY 1993, c İbrahim, Kaboğlu: İfade Özgürlüğünün Siyasi Partilerce Kullanımının Sınırları, Anayasa Yargısı 1999, S İbrahim, Kaboğlu: Özgürlükler Hukuku, İnsan Haklarının Hukuksal Yapısı 76. İbrahim, Kaboğlu: Pozitif Anayasa Hukukunda Düşünce Özgürlüğünün Sınırları, Hukuk Felsfesi ve Sosyolojisi Arkivi Yayınları:3, İstanbul İbrahim, Şahbaz: Karşılaştırmalı Düşünceyi Açıklama Özgürlüğü, Ankara İhsan, Dağı / Metin Toprak: Türkiye de İnsan Hakları ve İfade Özgürlüğü, Ankara İkbal, Gür :Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Hususunda AB ile ABD Arasında Çıkan Uyuşmazlıklar ve Çözüm Yolları 80. İlhan, Akın: Temel Hak ve Özgürlükler, Ankara

18 81. İzzet, Özgenç: Düşünceyi Açıklama Özgürlüğü ve Ceza Hukuku, Diyarbakır Jack, Donnelly, (Çev.Mustafa Erdoğan): Evrensel İnsan Hakları Teoride ve Uygulamada, Yetkin Yay., Jean, Morange: İfade Özgürlüğünün Hukuki Esasları, İstanbul John Bagnell Bury: Düşünme ve Konuşma Özgürlüğü, Sayfa Yayınları, John Stuart, Mill: Hürriyet Üstüne, İstanbul, Kemal, Şahin: İnsan Hakları ve Özgürlük Boyutuyla (Gerekçeleri ve Sınırları) İfade Özgürlüğü, On İki Levha, Kılıçoğlu, Prof. Dr. Ahmet M. Şeref, Haysiyet ve Özel Yaşama Basın Yoluyla Saldırılardan Hukuki Sorumluluk, Ankara, Klaus, Finkelnburg: Demokraside İfade Özgürlüğü-Düşünce Özgürlüğü, İstanbul M. E., Çağıran: Uluslararası Alanda İnsan Hakları (İkinci Baskı), Barış Kitap, Ankara, M. Emin, Değer: Düşünce Özgürlüğü Çıkmazı, İstanbul M. S., Gemalmaz/H. B., Gemalmaz Ulusüstü İnsan Hakları Standartları Işığında Türkiye de Bilgi Edinme Düşünce-İfade ve İletişim Mevzuatı, İstanbul M. S., Gemalmaz: Devlet, Birey ve Özgürlük, Legal Yayıncılık, İstanbul, M. S., Gemalmaz: Ulusalüstü İnsan Hakları Hukuku Belgeleri Cilt II, Legal, İstanbul, M. S.; Gemalmaz: Ulusalüstü İnsan Hakları Hukukunun Genel Teorisine Giriş, İstanbul, M. Sezgin, Tanrıkulu: İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi ve Etkili Başvuru Hakkı, Seçkin Yayınevi, Ankara, Macovei Monica: İfade Özgürlüğü Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi nin 10. Maddesi nin Uygulanmasına İlişkin Kılavuz - İnsan Hakları El Kitapları, No. 2, Ankara Mehmet Murat, Yardımcı: ABD Hukuku, AİHM İçtihatları ve Türk Hukukunda İletişimin Denetlenmesi 98. Metin, Baykan: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Kararlarında Basın Özgürlüğü, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, Metin, Kayaçağlayan: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi nin 10.Maddesi Çerçevesinde İfade Hürriyeti ve 1982 Anayasası, Ankara Muammer, Aksoy: Türkiye de Düşünce Özgürlüğü, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara Mustafa, Erdoğan: Demokratik Toplumda İfade Özgürlüğü: Özgürlükçü Bir Perspektif, Teorik ve Pratik Boyutlarıyla İfade Özgürlüğü, Ankara Mustafa, Erdoğan: İfade Özgürlüğü ve Sınırları, İfade Özgürlüğü İlkeler ve Türkiye, Editör: Tanıl Bora, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, Naz, Çavuşoğlu: İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi ve Avrupa Toplulukları Hukukunda Temel Hak ve Hürriyetler Üzerine, Ankara, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF İnsan Hakları Merkezi Yayını, Niyazi, Öktem: Özgürlük Sorunu ve Hukuk, İstanbul Niyazi, Öktem: Temel Hak ve Özgürlüklerden Düşünce ve İnanç Özgürlüğünün Özü, İstanbul Numan, Hazar: İnsan Hakları ve Diplomasi, Büyülüdağ Yayınevi, İstanbul, Nurullah, Aydın: Medya, İnsan Hakları ve Demokrasi, Kumsaati, İstanbul, Oktay Uygun, Türkiye'de Demokrasi ve İnsan Hakları, Ankara,

19 109. Oktay, Uygun: İnsan Hakları Kuramı, İstanbul, Osman Serkan, Gülfidan: İfade Özgürlüğü Hakkı Örneği Çerçevesinde Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi'nde Kötüye Kullanma Yasağı, İstanbul Osman, Can: Anayasa Değişiklikleri ve Düşünceyi Açıklama Özgürlüğü, Anayasa Mahkemesi Yayınları 49, Antalya Osman, Doğru/ Atilla Nalbant: İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi Açıklama ve Önemli Kararlar Cilt I (İkinci Baskı), Legal İstanbul, Osman, Doğru: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Kararlar Rehberi ( ), İstanbul Osman, Doğru: İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi İçtihatları, C.I, İstanbul Osman, Doğru: İnsan Hakları Kararlar Derlemesi, C.I, İstanbul Osman, Doğru; Atilla Nalbant: İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi Açıklama ve Önemli Kararlar Cilt II (İkinci Baskı), Legal, İstanbul, Ömer Faruk, Tüfek: Basın Yoluyla Kişilik Haklarının İhlali ve Bu İhlale Karşı Özel Hukuk, Ceza Hukuku ve İ.H.A.S. Koruması, Adalet, Ankara, Ömer Gedik: Türk Yargı Kararları Çerçevesinde Türkiye'de Kitle İletişim Özgürlüğü, Seçkin, Ankara, Ömer, Anayurt: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Hukukunda Kişisel Başvuru Yolu, Seçkin Yayınevi, Ankara, Ömer, Anayurt: Toplanma Hürriyeti Kavramı ve Türk Anayasa Hukukunda Toplanma Hürriyeti, İstanbul, Kazancı Yayınları, Ömer, Korkmaz: Düşünceyi Açıklama Özgürlüğü ve Sınırları, Yetkin Yayınevi, Ankara, Özden, Çankara/ Melike Batur Yamaner: Kitle İletişim Özgürlüğü, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara Özlem, Çakmut: Ceza Hukukunda Propaganda ve Düşünce Özgürlüğü, Prof. Dr. Sahir Erman a Armağan, İstanbul P. Barry, Norman: Hukuki ve Siyasi Açıdan İfade Özgürlüğü, Liberal Düşünce Topluluğu Yayınları, Ankara Paulıat Hélène: Memurlar ve İfade Özgürlüğü,İstanbul Pulat Yüksel Tacar: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi nde Doğu Perinçek- İsviçre Davası: Bir Düşünceyi İfade Özgürlüğü Sorunu ve Adil Bellek Talebi 127. Raphael Cohen-Almagor: İfade, Medya ve Etik: İfade Özgürlüğünün Sınırları, Phoenix, Ankara, Reyhan, Sunay: Anayasa Mahkemesi Kararlarında İfade Özgürlüğü, Ankara Reyhan, Sunay: Avrupa Sözleşmesinde ve Türk Anayasası nda İfade Özgürlüğünün Muhtevası ve Sınırları, Ankara Robert Trager ve Donna L Dickerson, 21. Yüzyıl da İfade Özgürlüğü, Çev. A. Nuri Yurdusev, Liberal Düşünce Topluluğu Yay., Ankara, Saadet, Yüksel: Özel Yaşamın Bir Parçası Olarak Telekomünikasyon Yoluyla Yapılan İletişimin Gizliliğine Önleyici Denetimle Müdahale, Beta, İstanbul, Sacit, Kayasu: 2802 Sayılı Kanuna Göre Hakim ve Savcıların İfade Hürriyeti, Legal Yayınevi, İstanbul, Sadurski, Wojciech: İfade Özgürlüğü ve Sınırları, çev. Bahattin Seçilmişoğlu, Ankara, LDT Yay., Safa, Reisoğlu: Uluslararası Boyutlarıyla İnsan Hakları, İstanbul Sait, Güran: İfade Özgürlüğü Üzerinde İdarenin Yetkileri, İstanbul Selda, Çağlar: Disiplinlerarası Yaklaşımla İnsan Hakları, Beta Yay.,

20 137. Serkan, Kızılyel: Temel Hak ve Özgürlüklerin Kısıtlanmasında Kamu Güvenliği Ölçütü, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, Sevinç, Kırgıl: İfade Hürriyeti Bağlamında Basın-Yayın Hürriyetinin Sınırlandırılması 139. Sevtap, Yokuş: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi nde ve 1982 Anayasası nda Hak ve Özgürlüklerin Kötüye Kullanımı, Ankara Sibel, İnceoğlu (Ed.), İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi ve Anayasa: Anayasa Mahkemesine Bireysel Başvuru Yöntemleri, 3. Baskı, Beta, Suat, Kamber: İfade Özgürlüğü, Ankara Sultan, Üzeltürk: 1982 Anayasası ve İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesine Göre Özel Hayatın Gizliliği Hakkı 143. Süleyman, Dost: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Yargısında İfade Özgürlüğü ve Türkiye, Isparta Şenol, Cem: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Kararlarında Etkin Soruşturma Yükümlülüğü, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, Taner Koçak/ Taylan Doğan/ Zeynep, Kutluata: Türkiye de İfade Özgürlüğü, BGST, Tanju, Erhan: AİHM Kararları Işığında İfade ve Basın Özgürlüğü, Seçkin, Ankara Tolga, Şirin: 30 Soruda Toplantı ve Gösteri Yürüyüş Hakkı, 12 Levha, Turgut, Kazan: İfade Özgürlüğü ve Terörle Mücadele Yasası, İfade Özgürlüğü ve Türk Ceza Hukuku, İstanbul Ursula, Kilkelly: Özel Hayata ve Aile Hayatına Saygı Gösterilmesi Hakkı, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi nin 8. Maddesinin Uygulanmasına İlişkin Kılavuz, İnsan Hakları El Kitabı 150. Utku Ufuk, Zengi: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Kararları Işığında Kitle İletişim Özgürlüğü, Yetkin, Vahap, Coşkun: İnsan Hakları: Liberal Açıdan Bir Tahlil, Lİberte, Ankara, Vahit, Bıçak: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Kararlarında İfade Özgürlüğü, Liberte, 2002, Ankara 153. Vecdi, Aral: İnsan Özgür mü?, İstanbul Vehbi, Hacıkadiroğlu: Bilginin Sağladığı Özgürlük, Düşünce Özgürlüğü, İstanbul Veli, Yılmaz/ Osman,Taş / Mustafa, Yıldırımtürk: Düşünce Suçu Bir Engizisyon Hukuku Kavramı, İstanbul Yasemin, Özdek: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Hukuku ve Türkiye (AİHS Sistemi, AİHM Kararlarında Türkiye), Ankara Yaşar, Salihpaşaoğlu: Türkiye de Basın Özgürlüğü, Seçkin, Ankara, Yılmaz, Aliefendioğlu: Bir Temel İnsan Hakkı: Düşünce Özgürlüğü, Yeni Türkiye Dergisi, Y.4, S Yusuf Şevki, Hakyemez: Hukuk ve Siyaset Ekseninde Anayasa Mahkemesinin Yargısal Aktivizmi ve İnsan Hakları Anlayışı: Türk Anayasa Mahkemesinin İşlevi, İnsan Hakları Anlayışı ve Oluşumu Üzerine Bir İnceleme 160. Yusuf Ziya, Polater: Türk Hukukunda ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinde Özel Hayatın Gizliliği ve Korunması, Adalet, Zeki, Hafızoğulları: Laiklik İnanç, Düşünce ve İfade Hürriyeti, Ankara Zeki, Yıldırım: İfade ve Basın Özgürlüğü Bağlamında Terörizmin Propagandası Suçu, Adalet, Ankara,