AN, B., TOSUN, S., ÖZPAY, Z., AKSOY, C., ÖRTEL, E., GÜRGEN, D., DA

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1 PROVENANCE TRĐALS IN TURKEY Forest area of Turkey is million hectare, which consists of 26 % of total size of the country. The 44 %, 8.9 million hectare is productive forest and the rest, 56% 11.3 million hectare is unproductive. Unproductive forest area needs to be forested in order to turn into productive forest. However, certain provenances should be used in forestation works. Therefore, which provenance may be used in regional afforestation should be determined, particularly in Turkey, which climatic and soil conditions show great changes from one to another (Simsek et al., 1995). The selection of seed resources is the main factor influencing the productivity of forestation (Urgenc, S., 1982). One of the major objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and its affiliates is to conserve forest tree species and genetic biodiversity. Provenance trials are important particularly at the initial stage of a tree improvement of program. They provide information about the genetic architecture of the species that is utilized for gene conservation programs, and for maximizing gain for a given area (Isık et al., 2002) There are lots of provenance trail in Turkey. The Turkish Forest Research Institutes are carrying out 6 provenances trials. The main aim of these studies is to determine the best performing provenances for forestations, each geographic zone in Turkey. 1-Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Provenance Trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1988 on 26 test sites (one of the test side was established in Cyprus). 50 provenances were tested (47 provenances originating from Turkey, 3 provenances from northern Cyprus) below Table 1. Most provenances included in the experiment were phenotypically superior stands and had been designated as seed stands for operational planting programs for a particular region. For each provenance, about 30 trees were sampled, cones were bulked and sun dried to extract seeds. One-year old were transplanted to 26 sites in the late autumn of 1988 and in the winter of The experiments were laid out in the fields as to Randomized Complete Blocks Method with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows. Data were collected from the experimental sites in 1999 when the trees were 10 years old in the field. Survival was assessed s the proportion of surviving trees in each plot. Total height (cm) and diameter at breast height (mm) were measured and the volume was estimated to the nearest dm³. The coordinator institute of (Pinus brutia Ten) provenance trial is Southwest Anatolia Forest Research Directory (Antalya). Southwest Anatolia Forest Research Directory were published the 5 and 10 years old results: The five-year results of the experiment as a technical report (Cengiz et al., 1999) Results of provenance study at age 10 on Pinus brutia: Provenance-site interactions and defining breeding zones (Isık et al., 2002). IŞIK, K., TOPAK, M. ve KESKĐN, A. C., 1987: Kızılçamda (Pinus brutia Ten.) Orijin Denemeleri. O. G. M. Orman Ağaçları ve Islah Araştırma Müdürlüğü Yayın No: 3, Ankara CENGĐZ, Y., IŞIK, F., KESKĐN, S., GENÇ, A., DOĞAN, B., TOSUN, S., ÖZPAY, Z., AKSOY, C., ÖRTEL, E., GÜRGEN, D., DAĞDAŞ, S., UGURLU, S., 1999: Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) Orijin Denemeleri. Teknik Bülten No: 11, Antalya. IŞIK, F., KESKĐN, S., CENGĐZ, Y., GENÇ, A., DOĞAN, B., ÖZPAY, Z., TOSUN, S., UĞURLU, ÖRTEL, E., DAĞDAŞ, S., KARATAY, H., 2002: Kızılçam Orijin denemelerinin 10 yıllık Sonuçları (Orijin-Çevre Etkileşimi ve Tohum Transferi Üzerine Etkisi),.Batı Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü yayın No: 016, Orman Bakanlığı yayın No: 158, teknik Bülten No: 14, Antalya, 155 s. IŞIK, F., KESKĐN, S., MCKEAND, S.E., 2000: Provenance Variation and Provenance-Site Interaction in Pinus brutia TEN: Consequences of Defining Breeding Zones, Silvae Genetica 49, Heft 4-5, 2000, pp.

2 2-Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Provenance trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1984 on 24 test sites. 36 provenances were tested (all the origin were from Turkey) below Table 2. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to Randomized Complete Blocks Method with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 2 m between in a row and 2 m between the rows. 12 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of (Pinus nigra Arnold) provenance trial is Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory (Bolu) Turkish forestry Research Institute were published the nine year results as a technical reports: The first results of Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Provenance trials in Turkey (Simsek et al., 1995). ŞĐMŞEK, Y., ERKULOĞLU, Ö., TOSUN, S., 1995: Türkiye de Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. pallasiana Lamb.Holmboe) Orijin Denemeleri Đlk sonuçları, Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü yayınları, Teknik Bülten No: 247, Ankara, 63 s. 3-Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) Provenance Trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in on 16 test sites. 35 provenances were tested (all the origin were from Turkey) below Table test sites are under control. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to Randomized Complete Blocks Method with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows. The coordinator institute of (Cedrus libani A. Rich) provenance trial is Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute (Ankara). Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute were published the 5 years old results: The five-year results of the experiment were published as a technical report. The ten-year results are analyzed, but not published. The first results of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Provenance trials in Turkey (Dagdas et al., 1997). DAĞDAŞ, S., GENÇ, A., DOĞAN, B., CENGĐZ, Y., KESKĐN, S., ÖRTEL, E. ve UĞURLU, S., 1997: Türkiye de Sedir (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Orijin Denemelerinin Đlk Sonuçları. Đç Anadolu Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Serisi, No: 271, 128 s. 4-Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestis L.) Provenance Trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in on 22 test sites. 35 provenances were tested (33 provenances originating from Turkey, 2 provenances from Netherlands (Ommen and Epe provenances) below Table 4. Most provenances included in the experiment were phenotypically superior stands and had been designated as seed stands for operational planting programs for a particular region. For each provenance, about trees were sampled, cones were bulked and sun dried to extract seeds. Two-year old seedlings were transplanted to 22 sites in the late autumn of 1989 and in the winter of The experiments were laid out in the fields as to Randomized Complete Blocks Method with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows. 15 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of (Pinus sylvestis L.) provenance trial is Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute (Ankara). Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute were published the 5 years old results. The first preliminary results of Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenance tests in Turkey (Dagdas et al., 1998). The eleven-year results are analyzed, but not published. DAĞDAŞ, S., TOSUN, S., ATASOY, H. ve DAŞDEMĐR, Đ., 1998: Türkiye de Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L) Orijin denemelerinin Đlk Sonuçları Đç Anadolu Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Serisi, No.:272, Ankara,119 s.

3 5- Abies grandis lindl Provenance trial in Black Sea Region Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory established it in 1988 on 5 test sides. 24 provenances were tested on 5 test sites. 16 provenances of Abies grandis, 4 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. nordmanniana),2 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. bornmülleriana and 2 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp equi-trojani (Ascher.et Sint.) Coode et Cullen originating from Turkey were tested on 5 test sites. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to Randomized Complete Blocks Method with 3 replications. 20 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 6 m between in a row and 6 m between the rows. 6 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of this research is Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory. Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory as a technical report published the tenth year results (Atasoy et al., 2003). ATASOY, H., KÜÇÜK, M., ULU, F, 2003: Doğukaradeniz Bölgesinde Abies grandis (dougl) Lindl. Orijin denemelerinin On Üç Yıllık Sonuçları. Doğu Karadeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü, teknik Bülten No: 15, Trabzon 6-Provenance Trial of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Mediterranean region It was established in 1996 on 6 test sides. 19 provenances (4 provenances originating from Turkey, 4 provenance from Lebanon, 4 provenances from Spain, 5 provenances from France, 1 provenance from Italy, 1 Provenance from Greece) were tested on 6 test sites. The list of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) were given below Table 5.The experiments were laid out in the fields as to Randomized Complete Blocks Method with 3 replications. 20 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 6 m between in a row and 6 m between the rows. 6 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of (Pinus pinea L.) is Aegean Forest Research Directory (Izmir). This trial was supported by INRA. The seeds of foreign origin were provided by INRA. There is no publication about Stone Pine provenance trial now. The name of trial area: Kozak-Bergama-Izmir, Kocarli-Aydın (2 trial area in Aegean region), Baskoy-Antalya, Incik-Antalya, Tarsus-Icel, Mut-Icel (4 trial area in Mediterranean region). Table 5. The provenances of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) Provenance Number Country Provenance 1 Lebanon Beit Mounzer (Maddath Jebbel) 2 Spain Mcscta Castellana 3 Spain Cordillera Central 4 Spain Andalucia Occidental 5 Lebanon Bkassine 6 Lebanon Qsaibe 7 Lebanon Centne 8 Greece Chalkidiki Agios Nikolaos 9 Spain Cataluna 10 France St Raphael 11 France Villeneuvette (Herault) 12 France St Aygulf 13 France Brignoles Le Val 14 France Saintes-Maries (B.du.Rh.) 15 Italy Feninglia Turkey Bursa-Yalova-Dumanlıdag 17 Turkey Canakkale-Millipark 18 Turkey Mugla-Yatagan-Katrancı 19 Turkey Antalya-Kumluca

4 Table 1. Geographic information on Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia L.) provenances No Forest District Working Circle Latitude Longitude Altitude (m) 1 Karsanti Pos Buffavento Cyprus Karaagac Cyprus Karakoyak Tarsus Gokcesu Anamur Yivil Anamur Pembecik Gulnar Karakoyak Tarsus Findikpinari Mersin Akdere Silifke Guzeoluk Erdemli Findikpinari Mersin Caltibuku Anamur Melli Bucak Merkez Bucak Duzlercami Antalya Guzelbag Gundogmus Eskibag Gundogmus Karacay Kas Karacay Kas Pinargozu Serik Kargi Alanya Kumluca Kumluca Olimpos Antalya Seydan Sindirgi Baharlar Ayvacik-Can Ezine Ayvacik-Can Karakoy Bayramic Bigadic Bigadic Catilibuk M.K. pasa Orhaneli Orhaneli Golhisar Golhisar Karadag Sutculer Sogutdagi Sutculer Ulucinar Antakya Sucati K.Maras Yayladag Antakya Cetibeli Marmaris Yaras Mugla Boyali Yilanli Sahinkaya Gordes Delikdere Dursunbey Đbrahim onu Goynuk Cam golu Bafra Huridagi Niksar Karatepe Karabuk Findik Siirt Karacadag Izmir Dokuzdereler Kesan Guzelyurt Cyprus

5 Table 2. Geographic information on Anatolian Black Pine (Crimean pine) (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold subsp. nigra var. caramanica (Loud.) Rehder) provenances No Forest District Working Circle Latitude Longitude Altitude (m) 1 Boyabat Elekdağ Kastamanu Karadere Yenice Bakraz-Deveboynu Mengen Daren Sorgun Mudurnu Sarpuncuk Çatalca Beytepe Đnegöl Boğazova M.Kemâlpaşa Burhandağı Kızılcahamam Çamkoru Ankara Beynam Yenice Asar-Tahtalı Balıkesir Korucu Alaçam Gölcük Alaçam Gölcük Domaniç D. Çarşamba Tavşanlı Đkizoluk Simav Kocagüvez Simav A. Söğütderesi Demirci Söğütçük Uşak Oturak-1300 m Uşak Oturak m Gördes Güneşli-Sıgırova Bayındır Ovacık Nazilli Sarıcaova Denizli Sapacaboğazı Denizli K. Tepe-G.Kaya Yılanlı Elkindağ Gölhisar Gölhisar Eğirdir Merkez Sütçüler Tota Alanya Söğüt Gazipaşa-Culluca Sazak m Gazipaşa-Culluca Sazak m Pos Soğukoluk Kozan Meydan Andırın Fındıklıdere

6 Table 3. Geographic information on Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. rich.) provenances No Forest District Working Circle Latitude Longitude Altitude (m) 2 Bozdag Acipayam Sultandagi-Deresinek Afyon Dirmil Golhisar Belcegiz S.karaagac Belcegiz S.karaagac Kizildag S.karaagac Kapidag Isparta Karacay Kas-Lengume Ciglikara-kocova Elmalı Eskibag Gündoğmuş Kemer Antalya Aykiricay-Sirken Finike Yukari Alakir Kumluca Bucak Aras. Orman. Elmali Duden-yaniktepe Anamur-Abanoz Sogutdagi Gülnar Arslankoy-Baspinar Mersin Damlacali Ermenek Saglik-Gokyurt Konya Karakuz Pozantı Mansurlu-Yumurtatepe Feke Meydan-Hancukuru Kozan Ayvacik-Catak Saimbeyli Elmadag Andırın Akifiye-Findiklidere Andırın Hassa-Kislakdere Antakya Merkez-Malakhasan Göksun Baraj-Akinci koyu Niksar Sevindik Elmalı Hartlap-Cagirgandere K Maras Elmalar-Golcegiz-Kalekoy K Maras Merkez -Torbuzek-Mursel Göksun Kazanci-Kocasdagi Ermenek Nurdagi-Hinzirli Osmaniye Yeniyapan Yavsan dagi K Maras Hartlap

7 Table 4. Geographic information on Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenances No Forest District Working Circle Latitude Longitude Altitude (m.) 1 Eskişehir-Çatacık Değirmendere Çamlıdere Benliyayla Yahyalı-Pınarbaşı Akdağ 38 o Hollanda NL T Hollanda NL S Sarıkamış Sarıkamış Yusufeli Kılıçkaya 8 Sarıkamış Çıplakdağ Sarıkamış Boyalı Eskişehir-Çatacık Gümelidere Eskişehir-Çatacık Değirmendere Uşak Oturak Eskipazar Eğriova 14 Araç Dereyayla Kargı Erenler-Kösdağ 16 Araç Dereyayla Bolu-Seben Taşlıyayla 18 Karabük Büyükdüz 19 Zonguldak-Dirgine Değirmendere 20 Aladağ Aladağsuyu Aladağ Aladağsuyu Aladağ Kartalkaya Aladağ Kartalkaya Daday Koldandere 25 Yığılca Boğabeli 26 Akdağmadeni Sırıklı Akdağmadeni Aktaş Artvin-Göktaş Taraklı Akçaabat Sertkaya köyü Vezirköprü Ovacık Mesudiye Iğdırdağı Vezirköprü Ovacık Mesudiye Arpaalan Espiye Tohumluk Karabük Keltepe 1400