A Absorpsiyong]J QYHEHOLUOLELUPDWHU\DOL\DSÕúÕSHPLSLoLQHDOPD0DNURIDM

Transkript

1 1193 EK-2 ømmunolojø TERøMLERø SÖZLÜöÜ $\GÕQ0øPP QRORMLWHULPOHULV ]O (G&HQJL]0ÕVÕUOÕJLO$\GÕQ7ÕSYHGLúKHNLPOL LQGHJHQHOYH özel Mikrobiyoloji. Ek-2 Sa:1193-* QHú\D\ÕQHYL$QNDUD $QODPÕYHULOHQNHOLPHQLQNDUúÕVÕQDSDUHQWH]LoHULVLQGHYDUVDVLQRQLPLYH\DGLOLPL]HPHFEXUHQJHoPLú LQJLOL]FHNDUúÕOÕ Õ\D]ÕOPÕúWÕU(VHULoHULVLQGHJHoHQNÕVDOWPDODUGDV ]O NLoHULVLQGHDoÕNODQPÕúWÕU hydroxytryptamine (5HT) Bkz. Serotonin. -2 mikroglobulin HLA- PROHN O ]HULQH VRQUDGDQ \DSÕúDQ YH E W Q LQVDQODUGDRUWDNRODQN'DD ÕUOÕ ÕQGDELUSURWHLQGLU A Absorpsiyong]J QYHEHOLUOLELUPDWHU\DOL\DSÕúÕSHPLSLoLQHDOPD0DNURIDM GX\DUOÕROGX XEDkteri hücresini absorbe eder. ADA $GHQR]LQGHDPLQD]øPP Q\HWPH]OLNOHUGHHNVLNOL LELOLQHQELUHQ]LP ADCC$QWLERG\'HSHQGHQW&HOO&\WRWR[LFLW\$QWLNRUDED ÕPOÕVLWRWRNVLVLWH $GGLVRQ KDVWDOÕ Õ 6 UUHQDO EH]LQ RWRLPP Q PHNDQL]PD LOH JHOLúHQ ELU KDVWDOÕ ÕGÕU Adezyon 1-<DSÕúPD - PROHN OOHU DUDVÕ JUDYLWDV\RQ LOH PH\GDQD JHOHQ tutunma ADK $QWLG ]NDVDQWLNRUODUÕ Adoptif immünite3dvlied ÕúÕNOÕN Adsorpsiyon g]j Q ROPD\DQ ELU PHWDU\DOH \DSÕúDUDN \ ]H\LQL NDSDWPDN Boya, sürülen herhangi bir yüzeye adsorbe olur. Adjuvan.RQD D YHULOHQ ELU DQWLMHQLQ NRQDN LPP Q VLVWHPL WDUDIÕQGDQ GDKD ID]OD LPPXQ FHYDS J UPHVLQL VD ODPDN DPDFÕ\OD DQWLMHQ LoHULVLQH LODYH HGLOHQ NLP\DVDO PDGGH*HQHOOLNOHDOXPLQ\XPMHOODQROLQYHSDUDILQJLEL\D ODULoHULVLQGHNL VXHPÕOVL\RQu veya benzeri maddelerdir tam olmayan Freund VDGMXYDQÕLVPLQLDOÕU øohulvlqh O Mycobacterium smegmatis hücreleri ilave edilirse tam Freund VDGMXYDQÕ LVPLQLDOÕU Afinite 0ROHN OOHU DUDVÕ ohnlp LNL NLP\DVDO PDGGHQLQ ELUELUOHULQH NLP\DVDO isteklilikleulg]j ODQWLNRUODUÕQDQWLMHQHDILQLWHVL\ NVHNWLU Afinite matürasyonu%ludqwlmhqoh QFHGHQNDUúÕODúDQEHOOHNK FUHOHULQLQD\QÕ DQWLMHQ LOH \HQLGHQ NDUúÕODúWÕ ÕQGD GDKD \ NVHN DILQLWHVL ROPDVÕ YH GDKD NXYYHWOL cevap vermesi.

2 1194 AFP Alfa fetoprotein. ÖzelOLNOHNDUDFL HUYHWHVWLVNDQVHUOHULQGHDUWÕúJ VWHUHQ bir onkofetal antijen. Bkz. Onkofetal antijen. Agammaglobülinemi %UXWRQ WLSLJORE OLQHPL;NURPR]RPXQDED OÕ JHoHQ NRQMHQLWDOJDPPDJORE OLQHNVLNOL LGLU Aglütinasyon Mikroorganizma antijenlerinin, özgül antikorlar ile NDUúÕODúWÕ ÕQGDWHVWW E LoHULVLQGHJ U Q USÕKWÕYH\DSDUWLN OOHUROXúWXUPDVÕGÕU Aglütinin$JO WLQDV\RQLOHROXúDQo NHOWL Aglütinojen$JO WLQDV\RQ\DSWÕUDELOHQNDWNÕPDGGHVL Agranülosit6LWRSOD]PDVÕJUDQ OO ROPD\DQO NRVLW Agregasyon7RSODQPDELUDUD\DWRSODQPDN PHOHúPH AIDS $FTXLUHG,PPXQRGHILFLHQF\ 6\QGURPH.D]DQÕOPÕú LPP Q \HWPH]OLN VHQGURPX+,9YLU V LOHEXODúDQFLQVHOYHNDQJHoLúOLELUKDVWDOÕN Akut %LUKDVWDOÕ ÕQYH\DELUROD\ÕQDQLGHQEDúODPDVÕGXUXPXQXLIDGHHGer. Akut faz serum%lukdvwdoõ ÕQDNXWGHYUHVLQGHKDVWDGDQDOÕQDQVHUXP Albümin%LUSURWHLQVÕQÕIÕGÕU6HUXPGDEXOXQXU Alfa fetoprotein Bkz. AFP. Allerjen.RQDNWD DúÕUÕ GX\DUOÕOÕN ROXúWXUDQ YH\D KHUKDQJL ELU GX\DUOÕOÕN UHDNVL\RQXQXEDúODWDQDQWLMHQYH\Dhapten. Allerji $úõuõgx\duoõoõn Alloantijen%N]ø]RDQWLMHQ Allograft$\QÕW U QIDUNOÕELUH\LQGHQJHOHQWUDQVSODQW Allojenik$\QÕW U QIDUNOÕELUELUH\LQGHQJHOHQRUJDQYH\DGRNX Allotip$\QÕW U QIDUNOÕELUH\LQLQDQWLMHQLNRODUDNEHQ]HURODQDWDVal özellikleri. ALS Anti Lymphocyte Serum. Alternatif aktivasyon.odvln DNWLYDV\RQ \ROX \HULQH NRPSOHPDQÕQ & SDUoDVÕQÕQDQWLNRUXQ)FSDUoDVÕQD\DSÕúDUDNNRPSOHPDQUHDNVL\RQXQXQEDúODWPDVÕ ANA $QWLQ NOHHUDQWLNRUODU*HQHWLNPDWHU\DOHNDUúÕROXúQDQWLNRrlar. Anamnestik cevap %LU DQWLMHQ ELU NRQD D YHULOGLNWHQ ELU V UH VRQUD \HQLGHQ YHULOGL LQGHNRQDNWDQHOGHHGLOHQDEDUWÕOPÕúLPPXQFHYDS $QDILODNWLN úrn 0DVW K FUHOHULQH ED OÕ UHDMLQLN,J( DQWLNRUODUÕ LOH PH\GDQD gelen ve histamin liberasyonu ile seyreden akut immun cevap. Anafilaksi DQDSK\OD[LV.RQD D JLUHQ ELU DQWLMHQLQ ROXúWXUGX X DNXW DOOHUML GXUXPX7LSDúÕUÕGX\DUOÕOÕN%N]$QDILODNWLNúRN Anaflatoksin.RPSOHPDQ SURWHLQOHULQLQ EL\RORMLN HWNL\H VDKLS SDUoDODUÕGÕU guqh LQ &D &D &D SDUoDVÕ JLEL %XQODU PDVW K FUHOHULQGH GHJUDQ ODV\RQD sebep olur. Anatoksin7RNVRLGLOHHúDQODPOÕGÕU AnerjiøPP QRORMLNFHYDSVÕ]OÕN Anjiyogenez<HQLNDQGDPDUÕROXúXPX Antiidiyotip antikor%lulgl\rwlshnduúõjholúhqdqwlnru Antijen.RQD DJLUGL LQGHDQWLNRUROXúWXUDQYHEXDQWLNRULOHLQYLWURYHLQYLYR NRúXOODUGDUHDNVL\RQDJLUHQNLP\DVDOPDGGH%N]LPPXQRMHQ Antijen delesyonu %LU PLNURRUJDQL]PDQÕQ HSL]RP ND\EÕ YH\D PXWDV\RQ LOH QFHGHQDQWLMHQLNRODQ\DSÕODUÕQÕND\EHWPHVL $QWLMHQ ID]ODVÕ Antijen, özgül aqwlnruloheluheluhúohqgl LQGHVD\ÕFDDQWLMHQLQ ID]ODJHOPHVLGXUXPX/DWWLFHKLSRWH]LQHJ UHSUHVLSLWDV\RQVÕUDVÕQGDDQWLMHQID]OD ROGX XQGDDQWLNRUPROHN O Q QE W QSDUDWRSXoODUÕDQWLMHQWDUDIÕQGDQLúJDOHGLOLUYH presipitasyon engellenir. Antijenite Bir molekülün antijenik olma kapasitesi. Antiglobulin 6HUXPJOREXOLQOHULQHLPPXQJOREXOLQHNDUúÕ UHWLOPLúDQWLNRU

3 1195 Antikor%LUDQWLMHQHNDUúÕ UHWLOHQYHRQXQODUHNDVL\RQDJLUHELOHQJOXNRSURWHLQ $QWLNRUID]ODVÕ $QWLMHQ ]J ODQWLNRULOHELUHELUHúOHQGL LQGHVD\ÕFDDQWLNRUXQ ID]ODJHOPHVLGXUXPX/DWWLFHKLSRWH]LQHJ UHSUHVLSLWDV\RQVÕUDVÕQGDDQWLNRUID]OD ROGX XQGDDQWLMHQPROHN O Q QE W QGHWHUPLQDQWODUÕDQWLNRUWDUDIÕQGDQLúJDOHGLOLUYH presipitasyon engellenir. Aglütinasyon testinde ise antikouid]odvõsur]rqroxúpdvõqd sebep olur. Antikor varyasyonu $\QLDQWLMHQH ]J ORODQE W QDQWLNRUODUD\QÕPROHN OHU \DSÕGD ROPD]ODU ø]rwlsln YDU\DVD\RQ $\QÕ W U QVDGHFHRELUH\LQHDLWIDUNOÕOÕNODU RODELOLU %XQODU DQWLNRUX ROXúWXUDQ P51$LQWURQODUÕQGDNL IDUNOÕOÕNWDQ ND\QDNODQÕU $OORMHQLNYDU\DV\RQ$QWLNRUXQW UH ]HOIDUNOÕODúPDVÕGÕU. SHNWHNLYHLQVDQGDNLDQWL- KHPRILOXVDQWLNRUODUÕQJHQHOOLNOHD ÕU]LQFLUOHULIDUNOÕGÕUøG\RWLSLNYDU\DV\RQ Antiserum %D ÕúÕN VHUXP %HOLUOL ELU DQWLMHQH NDUúÕ ROXúPXú KD]ÕU DQWLNRU bulunduran serum. AP-1 Aktive edici protein øppxqdnwlydv\rqxedúodwdqeluohqirnlq APC (ASH,Antigen Presenting Cells) Antijeni kompetan hücrelere sunan hücrelerdir: makrofajlar, foliküler dentritik hücreler, langerhans hücrelhul SDUPDNVÕ LQWHUGLJLWDWLQJ IROLN OHU K FUHOHU 'Lú SXOSDVÕ LoHULVLQGH RGRQWREODVWODU SXOSD PDNURIDMODUÕ APP$FXWH3KDVH3URWHLQ,VÕúRNSURWHLQL Asidofil6LWRSOD]PDVÕDVLWER\DODULOHER\DQDQO NRVLW ASO (AntiStreptolizin-O testi) Streptokoklar streptolizin-o isimli bir hemolizin üretirler. Serumda streptolizin-2 \DNDUúÕ ROXúDQ,J*DQWLNRUODUD$62GHQLU1RUPDO GH HUL QLWHGLU Antitoksin 9HULOHQ ELU WRNVLQH NDUúÕ ROXúDQ DQWLNRUODU %X WHULP D\UÕFD EX DQWLWRNVLQLQEXOXQGX XVHUXPXLIDGHHWPHNLoLQGHNXOODQÕOÕU Apoptoz3URJUDPODQPÕúK FUH O P Arthus reaksiyonu7ls,,,dúõuõgx\duoõoõn%xwhulpdvoõqgddqwlnruid]odvõloh seyreden deneysel bir vasküliti tarif eder. Serumunda fazla miktarda özgül antikor EXOXQDQ ELU KD\YDQD D\QÕ DQWLMHQ GHUL DOWÕQGDQ YHULOGL LQGH ROXúDQ DQWLMHQ-antikor kompleksleri damar çeperinde harabiyete sebep olur. ASH Antijen sunan hücre, Bkz. APC. Asthma$VWÕPKDVWDOÕ Õ $úõ9hulogl LNRQDNRUJDQL]PDGDNHQGLVLQH ]J ODQWLNRU\DSÕPÕQÕLQG NOH\HQ antijenik materyal. Atopi$úÕUÕGX\DUOÕOÕNJHOLúWLUPH\HPH LOOLROPDGXUXPX Atenüasyon DWHQ H HWPHN %LU PLNURRUJDQL]PDQÕQ YLUXODQVÕQÕ D]DOWPDN%X genellikle 2 yol ile olur, 1) kaynatarak veya 2) formalin içerisinde bekleterek. $WHQ HDúÕ &DQOÕDPDYLUXODQVÕD]DOWÕOPÕúPLNURRUJDQL]PDODUÕQNXOODQÕOGÕ ÕDúÕ Bkz. Atenüasyon. Avidite Antijen-antikor kompleksinin satbilitesi Avustralya antijeni Bkz. HBsAg B B lenfositi %LUOHQIRVLWFLQVLGLU%XUVDIDEULFXV WDJHOLúHQOHQIRVLWDQODPÕQÕWDúÕU %XNHOLPHQLQEDúÕQGDNL%KDUILND\QD ÕQÕ%XUVDIDEULFXVNHOLPHVLQGHQDOÕU$QFDNEX GRNX VDGHFH NXúODUGD EXOXQXU PHPHOLOHUGHNL NDUúÕOÕ Õ NHPLN LOL LGLU 'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD % OHQIRVLWL NHPLN LOL L YH NDUDFL HUGH UHWLOHQ OHQIRVLW GHPHNWLU 6ÕYÕVDO ED ÕúÕNOÕNWDQ sorumludur yüzeylerinde IgM ve IgD bulunur.

4 1196 %D ÕúÕNVHUXP Bkz. Antiserum BALT %URQFKLROHV$VVRFLDWHG/\PSKRLG7LVVXH%URQúOHQIGRNXVX Bazofil 6LWRSOD]PDVÕED]LNER\DODULOHER\DQDQO NRVLW BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin)UDQVÕ]FDN NHQOLELUNHOLPHGLUMycobacterium tuberculosis i ifade eder. BDT %R PDFD-Difteri-Tetanus bfgf (Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor) Bazik fibroblast büyüme faktörü. BGG%RYLQH*DPPD*OREXOLQ6Õ ÕUJDPPDJOREXOLQ Bovin antijen6õ ÕUDQWLMHQL Boivin antijen*udproxpvx]ednwhulgõúgxyduõqgdnlvrpdwln2dqwlmeni Booster%LULQFLDúÕGDQVRQUD\DSÕODQDúÕODPDODU BSA%RYLQH6HUXP$OEXPLQ6Õ ÕUVHUXPDOEXPLQL BSS (Balanced Salt Solution) Dengeli tuz solusyonu. Mesela Hank s dengeli tuz solusyonu gibi. C-Ç C reaktif protein (CRP) %D]ÕLQIODPDWXYDUURPDWL]PDODWHúJLELKDVWDOÕNODUGD LPPXQVLVWHPWDUDIÕQGDQROXúWXUXODQELUSURWHLQGLU<HWHULQFH ]J OGH LOGLU%LOKDVVD Streptococcus pneumonia ve Aspergillus \HOHULQLQVHO OHUHNVWUDNWODUÕLOHUHDNVL\RQ verir. camp Siklik adenozin monofosfat. Carcinoma in situ Bu WHULPNDQVHULQSUHLQYD]LIRODQHUNHQG QHPLQLDQODWÕU CD&OXVWHURIGLIIHUDQWLDWLRQ+ FUHVHULOHULQLQIDUNOÕODúPDVÕ CEA Karyo embriyojenik antijen. CGRP (Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide) Nörojenik inflamasyon mediyatörü RODUDNGLúSXOSDVÕVLQLUOLIOHULQGHQVDOÕQDQELUQ URSHSWLW Chediak-Higashi Sendromu RWR]RPDO UHVHVLI JHoLúOL SL\RMHQ EDNWHUL LQIHNVL\RQODUÕQÕQ VÕN J U OG DOELQL]PLQ HúOLN HWWL L ELU LPP Q \HWPH]OLN sendromudur. Chimera%LUFDQOÕGDLNLIDUNOÕJHQHWLN\DSÕ\DVDKLSK FUHOHULQEXOXQPDVÕ Chushing sendromu Sürrenal bezin hiperfonksiyonu ile olan endokrin KDVWDOÕN CL &RQVWDQW /LJKW FKDLQ $QWLNRU LPPXQ JOREXOLQ \DSÕVÕQGD EXOXQDQ YH DQWLNRUGDQDQWLNRUDGH LúLNOLNOHUJ VWHUPH\HQKDILI]LQFLUE OJHVL CMIS (Common Mucosal System) CMV Sitomegalovirus. Con A Concanavalin A. Coombs serumu Anti-insan Ig serumu. Coombs testi ønl W UO \DSÕOÕU 'LUHNW PHWRW <HQLGR DQGD 5K KDVWDOÕ Õ ú SKHVL LOH NRUGRQGDQ VLWUDWOÕ NDQ DOÕQÕS GHID VHUXP IL]\RORMLN LOH \ÕNDQÕU ]HULQH &RRPGVVHUXPXGDPODWÕOÕU$JO WLQDV\RQYDUVDVRQXoROXPOXGXUøQGLUHNWPHWRW5K KDVWDOÕ Õ ú SKHVL LOH DQQHGH DQWL5K DQWLNRUODUÕ DUDPDN LoLQGLU *HEH DQQHQLQ serumuna ORh eritrosit süspansiyonu eklenir. Aglütinasyon varsa sonuç olumludur. CPF (Clot Promoting Factor) Mast hücrelhulqghqvdoõqdqyhsõkwõroxúwxudqelu faktör. CRF Coagulase Reacting Factor. Cryoglobulin6R XNDJO WLQDV\RQYHUHQVHUXPJOREXOLQOHUL CS Sirkumsporozoit. CTL (Cytolytic T lymphocyte) Sitolitik T lenfosit.

5 1197 CTMC &RQQHFWLYH 7LVVXH 0DVW &HOOV %D GRNXVX PDst hücreleridir T OHQIRVLWOHULQGHQED ÕPVÕ]RODUDNoR DOÕUODU Çapraz antikor reaksiyonu Özgül bir antikorun hedefi belirli bir antijen PROHN O Q QEHOLUOLELU\DSÕVÕGÕU)DNDWED]HQDQWLMHQLQPROHN OHU\DSÕVÕQDWHVDG IHQ EHQ]H\HQ ELU EDúND PROHN O NHQGLVLQL KHGHI DOPDGÕ Õ KDOGH DQWLNRU LOH ELUOHúHELOLU Buna çarpraz antikor reaksiyonu denir. Çapraz deney.dq WUDQVI ]\SQXQGDQ QFH X\XPXQ GR UXODQPDVÕ DPDFÕ\OD DOÕFÕQÕQVHUXPXYHULFLQLQHULWURVLWOHUL\OHW SLoLQGHNDUÕúWÕUÕOÕUVDDWRGDÕVÕVÕQGD dakikdhw YGHEHNOHWLOHUHNDJO WLQDV\RQDUDQÕU dõsodnohqirvlw VHQGURPX 2WRVRPDO UHVHVLI JHoLúOL ELU KDVWDOÕNWÕU%OHQIRVLW PDNURIDM YH GHQWULWLN K FUHOHUGH ED]Õ +/$ YH 0+&,, DQWLMHQOHUL \RNWXU 0+&, DQWLMHQOHULLVHD]DOPÕúWÕU7OHQIRVLWOHULNHQGL%OHQIRVLWOHULQLWDQÕ\DPD] dliwol DNFL HUL )DUPHU V OXQJ %D]Õ EDNWHUL VSRUODUÕQD NDUúÕ GX\DUOÕ KDOH JHOPLúNRQDNGRNXVXLoLQNXOODQÕODQYH$UWKXVUHDNVL\RQXQXWHPHODODQLPP QRORMLN bir terimdir. D DALT 'XFW$VVRFLDWHG/\PSKRLG7LVVXHVDOJÕEH]LNDQDOODUÕ ile ilgili lenfoid doku. Danysz fenomeni (úlw PLNWDUGD WRNVLQ DQWLWLRNVLQ NDUÕúÕPÕQ QDVÕO NDUÕúWÕUÕOGÕ ÕQD ED OÕ RODUDN WRNVLN RODELOHFH LQL LIDGH HGHU( HU HúLW PLNWDUGD WRNVLQ DQWLWRNVLQLoHULVLQHKHSVLELUDQGDG N O UVHNDUÕúÕPQRQWRNVLNWLU<DUÕVÕ ilave edilip GDNVRQUDGL HU\DUÕVÕLODYHHGLOLUVHNDUúÕPWRNVLNWLU DAT (Differantial Agglutination Test). DAF 'HFD\$FFHOHUDWLQJ)DFWRU<ÕNÕPÕKÕ]ODQGÕUDQIDNW U DAG Diasilgliserol. Degranülasyon*UDQ OOHULQDoÕODUDNRUWDPDVHUEHVWOHúPHOHUL De novo$\qõnlp\dvdopdgghqlqnrqdnwdwhnuduvhqwh]ohqphvl Denatürasyon'R DONLP\DVDO\DSÕVÕQÕND\EHWPHVL*HULG Q ú PV ]G U Dentritik$ DoGDOÕEHQ]HULJ U Q PGHRODQGDOODQÕSEXGDNODQDQ Desensitizasyon'X\DUVÕ]ODúWÕUPDN Determinant $\ÕUHGLFLSDUoD DIC 'LVVHPLQH,QWUDYDVFXODU&RDJXODWLRQ<D\JÕQGDPDULoLSÕKWÕODúPD Di George Sendromu Konjenital timus hipoplazisi veya agenezisi sebebiyle, 7 OHQIRVLWOHU D]DOPÕú YH\D \RNWXU 3HULIHUGHNL OHQIRVLWOHULQ or X YH\D WDPDPÕ % lenfositleridir. Mikobakteri, maqwdu YH YLUXV LQIHNVL\RQODUÕQD GX\DUOÕGÕU (N RODUDN paratiroid bezi de bulunmayabilir. Diseminasyon<D\ÕOPD Disemine<D\JÕQ Displazi+ FUHOHULQG ]HQVL]DPDQHRSODVWLNROPD\DQoR DOPDODUÕ DNCB Dinitrochlorobenzene. DNP Dinitrofenol. 'R DODQWLNRU Plazmada bulunan immunoglobulinler. Domain ilmik. DOS'LúHWL2OX X6ÕYÕVÕ Duffy antijeni (ULWURVLW K FUH PHPEUDQÕQGD EXOXQDQ ELU W U PLQ U NDQ JUXEX antijeni. E

6 1198 EBV Epstein Bar Virus. ECF Eozinofilik Kemotaktik Faktör. ECF-A Eozinofilik Kemotaktik Faktör-A(nafilaksi). EGF Epidermal büyüme faktörü. ELISA (Enzym Linked Immunosorbent Assay) Serum içerisinde belirli bir DQWLNRUXWHVSLWHWPH\H\DUD\DQELUWHVWWLU6HUXPYDUOÕ ÕDUDQDQDQWLNRUXED OD\DFDN antijen ile muamele edilir. Antikor varsa bu antijen ile birohúlu%xwhvwdqwlmhq-antikor kompleksini spektroskopik olarak tespit eder. EP-GP Ekstra-parotis glikoproteini. Epitop $QWLMHQLNGHWHUPLQDQW$QWLMHQLNGHWHUPLQDQWDYHULOHQELUEDúNDLVLPGLU Eritrosit antijeni (Kan grubu antijenleri) Bireyin eritrositlerinin yüzeyinde JOLNROLSLWYH\DJOLNRSHSWLW\DSÕGDEXOXQDQDQWLMHQOHUGLU$%$%YH2VÕQÕIÕQGDQGÕU Eritoblastosis fetalis <HQLGR DQÕQ KHPROLWLN KDVWDOÕ Õ 5K DQQHQLQ 5+ EHEH H JHEH NDOPDVÕ\OD DQQHGH DQWL-5+,J* DQWLNRUODUÕ ROXúXU YH SODVHQWDGDQ fetusa geçerek hemoliz yapar. ES Edmonston Schwarz. EZ Edmonston Zagreb. F Fab parça $QWLJHQ%LQGLQJ)UDJPHQW$QWLNRUPROHN O Q QøPPXQJOREXOLQ DQWLMHQLWXWDQSDUoDVÕ FACS Florescent Activated Cell Sorter. Fc parça (Cristalizable Fragment) Antikor molekülünüqøppxqjorexolqnrqdn VDYXQPDHOHPDQODUÕWDUDIÕQGDQWDQÕQDQSDUoDVÕ FITC Floresin izotiyosiyanat. Fitohemaglütinin Lektin. Mitozu indükler ve lenfositlerin transformasyonunu VD ODU Forshay testi Franciella tularenis H NDUúÕ JHFLNPLú DúÕUÕ GX\DUOÕOÕ Õ Dnlamak LoLQ\DSÕODQYHW EHUN OLQWHVWLQHEHQ]H\HQELUWHVW Forssman antijeni Streptococcus pneumonia da, at, koyun ve köpek HULWURVLWOHULQLQ \ ]H\LQGH GRPX]XQ ED]Õ GRNXODUÕQGD EXOXQDQ ELU JXUXS KHWHURILO antijene bu isim verilir. Forssaman antijeni tavúdqgd EXOXQPD] %X VHEHSOH DQWL- )RUVVPDQDQWLNRUODUÕWDYúDQGDKD]ÕUODQÕU FR Framework bölgesi. Freund s adjuvan $QWLMHQ YHULOHQ ELU NRQD ÕQ LPPXQ FHYDEÕQÕ DUWÕUPDN LoLQ DQWLMHQH LODYH HGLOHQ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL %DVLWoH \D HP OVL\RQX NXOODQÕOÕUVD WDP olmayan )UHXQG V DGMXYDQÕ GHQLU ( HU LoHULVLQH O Mycobacterium smegmatis K FUHOHULLODYHHGLOLUVHWDP)UHXQG VDGMXYDQÕDGÕQÕDOÕU G G6PD Glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz. GALT *XW $VVRFLDWHG /\PSKRLG 7LVVXHV %DUVD ÕQ OHQIRLG GRNXODUÕ 3H\HU SODNODUÕYV Gamma globulin 6HUXPGDEXOXQDQJOREXOLQOHULQELUVÕQÕIÕ GCSF Granüloist koloni stimule eden faktör. GM-CSF Granülosit-makrofaj koloni stimule eden faktör. GTA *HoWLSDúÕUÕGX\DUOÕOÕNWLS GTP Guanozin trifosfat. GVH (Graft versus Host) Graft reddi reaksiyonu.

7 1199 H Hapten.HQGLVL DQWLNRU ROXúWXUPD\DQ QRQLPPXQRMHQ DPD PHYFXW DQWLNRUODUOD ]J ORODUDNELUOHúHQVDISROLVDNNDULWYH\DOLSLWPROHN OOHUGLU%LUWDúÕ\ÕFÕ SURWHLQLOHELUOHúLUVHDQWLMHQ ]HOOLNND]DQÕU%LURUJDQL]PDLoLQKDSWHQRODQELUPDGGH di HU ELU RUJDQL]PD LoLQ DQWLMHQLN RODELOLU guqh LQ Streptococcus pneumonia QÕQ NDSV OSROLVDNNULWOHULWDYúDQLoLQKDSWHQLQVDQLoLQDQWLMHQGLU HAT Hipoksantin-aminopterin-timidin. HBIG Hepatit B Ig. HbsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, Avustralya antijeni) Hepatit B virusunun yüzey antijeni. HBV Hepatit B virus. HCG Human chronic gonadotropin. Heterotransplantasyon Bkz. Transplantasyon. HEV +HSDWLW ( YLUXV +LJK (QGRWHOLDO 9HQXOHV /HQI G POHULQLQ PHGXOODVÕQÕQ KHPHQ GÕúÕQGD SDUDNRUWLNDO E OJHGH HQGRWHO WDEDNDVÕ NDOÕQODúDUDN ]HOOHúPLúOHQIGDPDUODUÕ Heterofil antijen %LUELUOHUL\OH JHQHWLN RODUDN KLo DODNDVÕ ROPD\DQ DW NXú NHPLUJHQJLELFDQOÕODUÕQGRNXODUÕQGDEXOXQDQDQWLMHQLN\DSÕODUÕQPROHN OHUPLPDULOHUL tesadüfen birbirine benziyor olabilir. Böyle antijenlere heterofil antijen denir. Heteroimmunizasyon %DúND ELU FDQOÕQÕQ ELU ELUH\LQLQ RUJDQ GRNX YH\D DQWLMHQOHULQHNDUúÕELUEDúNDFDQOÕ\ÕED ÕúÕNODPDN HLA +XPDQ OHXFRF\WH $QWLJHQ øqvdq O NRVLW \ ]H\LQGH EXOXQDQ endoantijenler. Doku uygunluk antijenidir. Immun hücreler kendisinden olan veya ROPD\DQK FUHOHULEXQDEDNDUDNWDQÕU HLA-1 %X DQWLMHQOHU ELUH\LQ E W Q ohnlughnol K FUHOHULQLQ PHPEUDQÕQGD bulunur. CD 8 7 OHQIRVLWOHUL WDUDIÕQGDQ WDQÕQÕU YH ED ODQGÕ Õ K FUHQLQ OL]LVLQH VHEHS olur. HLA-2 B lenfositleri, makrofaj, dentritik hücre, endotel hücreleri ve aktive T OHQIRVLWOHULQGHEXOXQXU0DNURIDM YHOHQIRVLWHWNLOHúLPLQGH URO DOÕU &'7OHQIRVLWOHUL WDUDIÕQGDQWDQÕQÕU Homotransplantasyon Bkz. Transplantasyon. HSA+XPDQ6HUXP$OEXPLQøQVDQVerum albümini. Hiperimmun serum Yüksek titrede özgül antikor içeren serum. HRF Homolog Restriction Factor. HSV Herpes Simplex Virus. HTLV-1 Human T lymphothropic Virus-1 Humoral immunite 6ÕYÕVDO ED ÕúÕNOÕN $QWLNRUODUÕQ YH D\UÕFD NRPSOHPDQ interferon, li]r]lpsurshuglqlohuhqy FXWVÕYÕODUÕQÕQUROR\QDGÕ ÕED ÕúÕNOÕN + FUH\HED OÕLPPXQLWH7LS,9DúÕUÕGX\DUOÕOÕNDQWLNRUED ÕPOÕROPD\DQDúÕUÕ GX\DUOÕOÕN7K FUHOHULQHED OÕDúÕUÕGX\DUOÕOÕNUHDNVL\RQODUÕQÕLIDGHHGHU I ICAM (Intercelullar adhesion PROHFXOH+ FUHOHUDUDVÕWXWXQPDPDWHU\DOL IDDM,QVXOLQ 'HSHQGHQW 'LDEHWHV 0HOOLWXV,Q V OLQ NXOODQPD\Õ JHUHNWLUHQ diyabet. IEL (IntraEpitelial lymphocyt) Epitel doku içerisinde yer alan lenfositler.

8 1200 IFN Gamma interferon Ig øppxqjorexolq6huxpgdnljorbulinler. IgA LPPXQJOREXOLQ$%LUoHúLWVHUXPJOREXOLQLGLU0ROHN OD ÕUOÕ ÕN'DGXU ve serum globulinlerinin %15- VLQL ROXúWXUXU 6DOJÕODUGD YH Y FXW VÕYÕODUÕQGD bulunur. IgD (immunglobulin D) Serumda eser miktarda bulunur. B lenfositlerinin yüzeyiqgh\hudoõu$qwlmhqx\dupdvõlohroxúdq%k FUHIDUNOÕODúPDVÕQGDURO YDUGÕU IgE LPPXQJOREXOLQ(%LUoHúLWVHUXPJOREXOLQLGLU6HUXPGDoRND]GÕUGDKD orn PDVW K FUHOHUL YH ED]RILOOHULQ \ ]H\LQGH EXOXQXU 7LS, DúÕUÕ GX\DUOÕOÕN UHDNVL\RQODUÕQDNDWÕOÕU. IGFøQV OLQEHQ]HULE \ PHIDNW U IgG LPPXQJOREXOLQ*0ROHN OD ÕUOÕ ÕN'DGXUYHVHUXPJOREXOLQOHULQLQ %70- LQL ROXúWXUXU *Ho DúÕUÕ GX\DUOÕOÕN NRPSOHPDQ YH RSVRQL]DV\RQD NDWÕOÕU plasenta ve süte geçer. IgM LPPXQJOREXOLQ00ROHN OD ÕUOÕ Õ 900 kda dur ve serum globulinlerinin XQX ROXúWXUXU % OHQIRVLWOHULQGH EXOXQXU GRNXODUD JHoPH] NRPSOHPDQ UHDNVL\RQODUÕQD NDWÕOÕU KXPRUDO VDYXQPD HOHPDQÕGÕU $QWLMHQLN X\DUÕ\D LON FHYDS YHUHQDQWLNRUGXU<DUÕ PU J QG U IL-1øQWHUO NLQøPP QK FUHOHUDUDVÕKDEHUOHúPH\LVD OD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU IL-2øQWHUO NLQøPP QK FUHOHUDUDVÕKDEHUOHúPH\LVD OD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU IL-3øQWHUO NLQøPP QK FUHOHUDUDVÕKDEHUOHúPH\LVD OD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU IL-4øQWHUO NLQøPP QK FUHOHUDUDVÕKDEHUOHúPH\LVD OD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU IL-5øQWHUO NLQøPP QK FUHOHUDUDVÕKDEHUOHúPH\LVD OD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU IL-6øQWHUO NLQøPP QK FUHOHUDUDVÕKDEHUOHúPH\LVD OD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU IL-7øQWHUO NLQøPP QK FUHOHUDUDVÕKDEHUOHúPH\LVD OD\DQELUVLWokindir. IL-8øQWHUO NLQøPP QK FUHOHUDUDVÕKDEHUOHúPH\LVD OD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU øppxq NRPSOHNVAntijen-DQWLNRU NRPSOHNVL ELUELUOHULQH \DSÕúPÕú DQWLMHQYH DQWLNRUPROHN OOHULQLQLNLVLQHELUGHQNXOODQÕODQELUWHULPGLU øppxqfhyds$qwlmhqlohnduúõodúdqnrqd ÕQúX ogdyudqõúõqõlidghhghu DQWLNRU UHWLPLDúÕUÕGX\DUOÕOÕNLPPXQWROHUDQV øpp QRMHQ øppxq\dqõwph\gdqdjhwluph\hwhqh L øpxql]dv\rq %D ÕúÕNODPDN øppxqgrplqdqw $QWLMHQLN PROHN O Q DQWLNRUD GDKD NXYYHWOH ED ODQDQ SDUoDVÕ øppxqiooresans %LUPLNURVNRSLWHNQL LGLU0DWHU\DOLQLoHULVLQGHYDUOÕ ÕDUDQDQ bir antijen veya antikor kendisine özgül olan ve önceden floresan boya ile LúDUHWOHQPLúRODQDQWLMHQYH\DDQWLNRULOHPXDPHOHHGLOLU6RQUDX\JXQGDOJDER\XQGD ÕúÕNYHUHQPLNURNRSWDLQFHOHQLU$UDQDQDQWLMHQYH\DDQWLNRUYDUVDÕúÕNVDoDUúHNLOGH görünür. øppxqrmhq.rqd DYHULOGL LQGHDQWLNRUROXúWXUDQ$QWLMHQNHOLPHVLQGHQN o N IDUNODUOD D\UÕOÕU LPPXQRMHQ NRQDNWD WROHUH HGLOPH] DQWLMHQ WROHUH HGLOHELOLU LPPXQRMHQED ÕúÕNOÕNEÕUDNÕUDQWLMHQEÕUDNPD\DELOLU øppxqsdudol]l.rqd ÕQYHULOHQDQWLMHQHWDPELUND\ÕWVÕ]OÕNKDOL øppxq WROHUDQV $QWLMHQH ED ÕúÕN \DQÕWVÕ]OÕN YH\D \DQÕWÕQ JHFLNPHVL GXUXPXGXU 'R XúWDQ RODELOLU YH\D VRQUDGDQ RUWD\D oõndelolu %D]Õ DQWLMHQOHU orn yüksek dozdd YHULOGL LQGH YH\D X]XQ DUDOÕNODUOD orn G ú N GR]GD WHNUDU-tekrar YHULOGLNOHULQGH NRQDNEXDQWLMHQL EHNOHQHQ úlgghwwh FHYDSODPD\DELOLU %XQD LPPXQ tolerans denir. øppxqvxsuhv\rq øppxqvlvwhplqeluvhehsohedvnõodqpdvõ IP3 øqrvlwrowulirvidw

9 1201 ø]rdqwlmhq DOORDQWLMHQ$\QLW UGHQELUH\OHUGHIDUNOÕOÕNJ VWHUHQDQWLMHQOHUGLU ø]rlppxql]dv\rq $\QÕ FDQOÕQÕQ EDúND ELU ELUH\LQLQ RUJDQ GRNX YH\D DQWLMHQOHULQHNDUúÕELUEDúNDELUH\LED ÕúÕNODPDN K Kanserojen Bkz. Onkojenik Karsinojen Bkz. Onkojenik KGH Kronik graq ORPDW ]KDVWDOÕNODU KKK.Õ]DPÕN-.Õ]DPÕNoÕN-Kabakulak. Klasik aktivasyon.rpsohpdqõq &T SDUoDVÕQÕQ DQWLNRUXQ )F SDUoDVÕQD ED ODQPDVÕLOHEDúOD\DQNRPSOHPDQUHDNVL\RQX Kompetan hücre Kendisine antijen sunulan, belirli bir fonksiyon için ]HOOHúPLúLPP n hücre. Kompleman7D]HVHUXPGDYHGRNXVÕYÕODUÕQGDEXOXQDQYHDNWLYHHGLOGL LQGH ]LQFLUOHPHUHDNVL\RQODUDJLUHUHNDQWLMHQLN\DSÕ\DLPPXQFHYDSROXúWXUDQFLYDUÕQGD UHDNWLISURWHLQGHQROXúDQVLVWHP Kompleman aktivasyonu Herhangi bir antijen veya antijen-antikor kompleksi WDUDIÕQGDQ NRPSOHPDQÕQ &T SDUoDVÕQGDQ LWLEDUHQ ]LQFLUOHPH UHDNVL\RQODUÕQÕQ EDúODWÕOPDVÕ%XROD\&D 2+ ve Mg 2+ L\RQODUÕJHUHNVLQLU6ÕUD\ODYH SURWHLQOHUL DNWLYH ROXU %XQD NODVLN \RO GHQLU %LU EDúND \RO $OWHUQDtif yoldur DNWLYDV\RQ QF NRPSOHPDQSURWHLQLQGHQEDúODU Kompleman fiksasyon testi 9HULOHQ ELU UQHNWH NRPSOHPDQÕ DNWLYH HGHELOHFHN KHUKDQJL ELU DQWLMHQLN GHWHUPLQDQW EXOXQXS EXOXQPDGÕ ÕQÕ DQODPDN LoLQ X\JXODQÕU Kopresipitasyon Normalde presipite edilemeyen moleküllerin veya komplekslerin presipitasyonu Kriptik anijen (sessiz determinant) Bir antijen molekülünde antijenik GHWUPLQDQWLoHULE N OHUHNNDWODQDELOLUYHLPPXQK FUHOHULQWHPDVÕQGDQX]DNRODELOLU % \OHGXUXPODUGDNXYYHWOLDQWLMHQROPDVÕQDUD Pen bu molekül sessizce kalabilir. L LAK /\PSKRNLQH$FWLYDWHG.LOOHU/HQIRVLWX\DUÕVÕ\OD OG U F RODELOHQK FUH /DSLQL]H DúÕ /DSLQL]HG YDFFLQH 9LUXODQVÕ orn VD\ÕGD VHUL SDVDMODU LOH D]DOWÕOPÕúFDQOÕDúÕ$WHQ HDúÕ LBP Lipopolisakkarit Binding Protein. Lenfokin 6DOJÕODQDUDN OHQIRVLWOHU DUDVÕ KDEHUOHúPH VD OD\DQ NLP\DVDO maddeler. LCM Lenfositik koriyomenenjit. LF Limes flokülasyonu. LFA Leucocyte Function Associated. LGL (arge Granular Lymphocyte). Çok çekirdekli lenfositler. LPS Lipopolisakkrit. LTB 4 Lökotrien B 4. LT Lenfotoksin. M Maloney Testi'LIWHULWRNVRLGLQHDúÕUÕGX\DUOÕOÕ ÕQWHVSLWHGLOGL LELUGHULWHVWL

10 1202 MALT0XFRVD$VVRFLDWHG/\PSKRLG7LVVXH0XNR]DLOHLOLúNLOLOHQIRLGGRNX M-CSF Monosit makrofaj koloni stimule eden faktör. DolDúÕPGD EXOXQPD] YH\D SHN D] EXOXQXU.HPLN LOL LQGHNL PRQRVLWOHULQ SUHN UV U K FUHOHULQL X\DUDUDN ROJXQODúWÕUÕU M antijeni %XWHULP odqodpgdnxoodqõoõu$jxuxexvwuhswrnrnodugdexoxqdq antijenik bir protein (Bkz. M protein), 2) Brucella ODUÕQ \ ]H\ DQWLMHQL %D]Õ HQWHUREDNWHULOHUGHJDODNWR]LGD]WUDQVSRUWVLVWHPLQHNDWÕODQELUSURWHLQDQWLMHQ MAC 0HPEUDQH $WWDFN &RPSOH[.RPSOHPDQ DNWLYDV\RQX LOH ROXúDQ & proteini. (Bkz. Zara hücum kompleksi) MAF0DFURSKDJH$FWLYDWLQJ)DFWRU0DNURIDMÕDNWLYHHden faktörler. MALT 0XFRVD $VVRFLDWHG /\PSKRLG 7LVVXH 6LQGLULP VROXQXÕP URJHQLWDO VLVWHPLQ PXNR]DODUÕQÕQ KHPHQ DOWÕQGD N PHOHúHQ YH ]HOOHúHUHN GRNX ROXúWXUDQ lenfoid hücreler. Malnutrisyon Kötü beslenme. MBL Mannan Binding Lectin yolu. MCA Methylcholanthrene. MCP Membran kofaktör proteini. MCSF Makrofaj Koloni stimüle edici faktör. Membrana hücum kompleksi Bkz. Zara hücum kompleksi. MFR Mannosil flukonil reseptörü MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex, doku uygunluk antijenleri) Bu molekül, blu NRQD ÕQ EDúWD O NRVLWOHU ROPDN ]HUH ELU orn K FUHVLQLQ \ ]H\LQGH EXOXQXU YH ELUH\H ]HOGLU øpp Q K FUHOHU 0+& DQWLMHQOHULQH EDNDUDN NHQGL NRQDN K FUHOHULQLWDQÕ\DELOLUOHU0+&-I ve MHC-,,ROPDN ]HUHVÕQÕIWÕU MIF Migrasyon inhibisyon faktör. Miyeloid seri.hpln LOL LQGH EXOXQDQ NDQ K FUHOHULQH HULWURVLW WURPERVLW HR]LQRILOED]RILOYVG Q úhqsurjhqlw UK FUHJUXEX MLD Minimum letal doz. MMP Matriks metalloproteinaz. MPA Macrophaga Plasminogen Activator Monokin0RQRVLWOHUGHQVDOÕQDQVLtokinin özel ismi. Monoklonal antikor 7HN WLS SOD]PD K FUHVL DNWLYH % OHQIRVLWL WDUDIÕQGDQ sentezlenen antikorlar. Monovalan7HNGH HUOL 0RQRYDODQDúÕ6DGHFHELUKDVWDOÕNLoLQKD]ÕUODQPÕúDúÕ Myeastenia Gravis Nörosinaptik membranlarda asetilkolin ershsw UOHULQHNDUúÕ ROXúDQDQWLNRUODUVHEHEL\OHJHOLúHQELUNDVKDUHNHWVL]OL L Myoglobülin 0L\RVLWNDV K FUHOHULQGH EXOXQDQ RNVLMHQL WDúÕPDNOD J UHYOL solunum pigmenti olan bir protein. N NALT (Nasopharyngeal Associated Lymphoid Tissue) Nazofarinks ile ilgili lenfoid doku. NBT Nitroblu tetrazolinyum test. NCF Nötrofil kemotaktik faktör. NK Natürel killer hücresi. NO Azot monoksit, nitrik oksit. NOD Non-obese diyabetik.

11 1203 Nötralizasyon ønldqodpdjhohelolu%luo ]HOWLQLQDVLWLQ ]HULQHDONDOLYeya bir alkalinin üzerine asit ilave ederek çözeltinin asitlik veya alkalilik derecesini D]DOWPDN WDPSRQODPDN %LU NLP\DVDO PROHN O Q DQWLMHQLN ]HOOL LQL RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUDFDNúHNLOGH ]J ODQWLNRUODUÕLOHELUOHúWLUPH\LHVDVDODQLPP QRORMLNELUWHVW Nötralizasyon testi $QWLMHQOHULQ ]J O DQWLNRUODU LOH ED ODQDUDN Q WUDOL]H HGLOGL LELUWHVW Nötrofil6LWRSOD]PDVÕQ WUDOER\DODULOHER\DQDQO NRVLW Nötropeni'RODúÕPGDNLNDQGDQ WURILOO NRVLWOHULQD]DOPDVÕ Null hücreleri Ne B ne de T cinsi lenfositler. O OAF Osteoclast Activating Factor. Bir lenfokindir. OKVH 2WRLPP QNROODMHQYDVN OHUKDVWDOÕN Onkofetal antijen IHWDO DQWLMHQ )HWDO KD\DWWD EXOXQDQ DPD HULúNLQGH KLo EXOXQPD\DQ YH\D orn D] EXOXQDELOHQ DQWLMHQOHUGLU %D]Õ NDQVHUOHUGH \HWLúNLQGH kanddnlplnwduoduõduwõúj VWHULU'L\DJQRVWLNDPDoODUODWHVSLWHGLOLU OnkojenikNDQVHURMHQNDUVLQRMHQ.DQVHUROXúPDVÕQDVHEHSRODQ Ontogeni RQWRJHQ\/HQIRLGK FUHOHULQELUH\VHOJHOLúPHVL Opsonin %DNWHULOHULQ IDJRVLWLN K FUHOHU WDUDIÕQGDQ GDKD NROD\ WDQÕQPDVÕQÕ VD OD\DQDQWLNRUQLWHOL LQGHNLNRPSOHPDQSURWHLQOHUL Opsonizasyon.RPSOHPDQÕQ ED ODQGÕ Õ LoLQ NROD\ YH KÕ]OÕ JHOLúHQ IDJRVLWR] ROD\Õ Optiumum%HNOHQHQ XPXODQ PLNWDUGDID]OD YH\D D] GH LOQRUPDO NRúXO YH normal miktarda olan. OPV Oral poliovaksin. Otoaglütinasyon %HNOHGLNoHNHQGLOL LQGHQRUWD\DoÕNDQDJO WLQDV\RQ Otoantikor.HQGLDQWLMHQLQHNDUúÕRODúDQDQWLNRU Otoantijen.RQD ÕQNHQGLVLQHDLWDQWLMHQ 2WRLPP QKDVWDOÕN.RQD ÕQNHQGLK FUHOHULQHNDUúÕLPP QFHYDSEDúODWPDVÕ LOHROXúDQ\D\JÕQGRNXKDUDEL\HWLLOHVH\UHGHQQRQLQIHNVL\ ]KDVWDOÕNODU Otograft 2WRWUDQVSODQWDV\RQ DPDFÕ LOH D\QÕ ELUH\LQ EDúND ELU E OJHVLQGHQ DOÕQDQGRNX Otokrin etki %LU LPP Q K FUHGHQ VDOJÕODQDQ VLWRNLQOHULQ \LQH D\QÕ K FUH\L etkilemesi. Otolog.LúLQLQNHQGLGRNXODUÕQGDQ UHWLOHQ Ototransplantasyon Bkz. Transplantasyon. P PAF 3ODWHOOHW DNWLYH HGLFL IDNW U 0HPHOL K FUHOHULQLQ PHPEUDQÕQD ED OÕ fosfolipaz-a 2 DUDFÕOÕ ÕLOHVDOJÕODQDQELUHQ]LPGLU PALS Periarteryel lenfoid (manto) doku. Dalaktaki ana arteri çepeçevre NXúDWDQ³DNSXOSD GRNXVX Pandemi %LU LQIHNVL\RQ KDVWOÕ ÕQÕQ ELU NÕWD YH\D ELU NDo ONHGH D\QÕ DQGD \D\JÕQúHNLOGHRUWD\DoÕNPDVÕGÕU Parakoagülasyonh]HULQHSOD]PDHNOHQLQFHROXúDQNRDJ ODV\RQ Parakrin etkiøpp QKLFUHGHQVDOÕQDVLWRNLQOHULQVLVWHPLNGRODúÕPDNDWÕOPD\ÕS VDGHFHEXOXQGX XE OJHGHNLORNDOHWNLVL

12 1204 Paratop $QWLNRUXQ HSLWRSD \DSÕúDQ SDUoDVÕ $QWLNRU PROHN O Q Q DQWLMHQ ED OD\DQNÕVPÕ Paul-Bunnel Testi KHWHURILO DJO WLQDV\RQ WHVWL øqihnvl\ ] PRQRQ NOHR]OX KDVWDODUÕQ VHUXPODUÕQGD ROXúan bir antikor koyun eritrositlerini aglütine eder. 'L\DJQRVWLN DPDo LOH KDVWD VHUXPX YH NR\XQ HULWURVLWL DUDVÕQGD \DSÕODQ ELU laboratuvar testidir. PD-ECGF Trombosit kökenli hücresel büyüme faktörü. PDGF Trombosit kökenli büyüme faktörü. Perforin NK ve TcK FUHOHULQLQKHGHIK FUH]DUÕQGDGHOLNOHUDoDQSURWHD]ODUÕQ tümüne verilen genel isim. PersistanøQDWoÕGHYDPOÕGLUHQHQ 3H\HU SODNODUÕ øqfh EDUVDNWD VXEPXNR]DO \HUOHúLPOL OHQIRLG GRNX DGDFÕNODUÕ %XSODNODUDVOÕQGDELU0$/7 GÕU PinositozøoPHN6ÕYÕPDGGHQLQK FUH\HDOÕQPDVÕ PKC Fosfokinaz C. PlazmositSOD]PDK FUHVL$QWLMHQLOHX\DUÕOGÕNWDQVRQUD ]J O,J0DQWLNRUODUÕ VHQWH]OH\HQ%OHQIRVLWOHUL$\QLDQWLNRUXVHQWH]OH\HQX\DUÕOPÕú%K FUHOHUL PolivalandRNGH HUOLNOLoRNDPDoOÕ 3ROLYDODQ DúÕ Bir PLNURRUJDQL]PDQÕQ ELUGHQ ID]OD VXúODUÕQD NDUúÕ NRUX\XFX ]HOOLN J VWHUHQ DúÕ 9H\D ELUGHQ ID]OD PLNURRUJDQL]PD NXOODQÕODUDN ELUGHQ ID]OD KDVWDOÕ DNDUúÕNRUX\XFXOXNJ VWHUHQNDUPDDúÕ PC Fosforil kolin. PPD (Purified Protein Derivate) Mycobacterium tuberculosis kültür ILOWUDWODUÕQGDQHOGHHGLOHQEDNWHULSURWHLQOHULGLU7 EHUN OLQGHULWHVWLQGHNXOODQÕOÕU PEG Polietilen glikol. PHA Fitohemaglütinin PKC Fosfokinaz C. Plazma hücresi $QWLMHQLOHX\DUÕOPÕú ]J ODQWLNRUVHQWH]OH\HQ%OHQIRVLWL PNL Polimorf nükleer lökosit. Presipitasyon%LUDQWLNRUXQo ] QHELOLUKRPRORJDQWLMHQLLOHNDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ ÕQD çökelmesi. Presipitin (presipitat) Bir antikorun, çözünebilir homolog antijeni ile NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ ÕQDROXúWXUGX XNRPSOHNVOHU Presipitin testi Çözünebilir antijenler üzerine antikor ilave ederek presipitin ROXúPDVÕSUHQVLELQHGD\DQDQVHURORMLNWHVW Properdin Serumda bulunan bir protein. Properdin sistemi $\QHQ NRPSOHPDQ VLVWHPLQGH ROGX X JLEL DNWLYH ROGX XQGD RSVRQL]DV\RQ LOH VRQXoODQDQ ELU GL]L LQWHUDNWLI protein serisidir..rpsohpdqõq&sduodvõgdrod\dgdkloroxu3urshuglqõvõ\dgx\duoõrodq)dnw U% YH)DNW U' GHQROXúXU Protektif antijen %LU PLNURRUJDQL]PDQÕQ NRQDN WDUDIÕQGDQ DQWLNRU UHWLOHQ antijeni. Prozon $QWLMHQLQDQWLNRULOHWLWUHHGLOGL LUHDNVL\RQODUGDDQWLNRUXQID]ODROPDVÕ GXUXPXQGDJ U Q UDJO WLQDV\RQXQEXOXQPDPDVÕQÕLIDGHHGHU Q R Quellung reaksiyonu.dsv OúLúPHUHDNVL\RQX

13 1205 Ramon titrasyonu Sabit miktardaki antijen (mesela difteri toksoidi) üzerine JLGHUHNVXODQGÕUÕOPÕúDQWLVHUXPLODYHHGLOGL LQGHSUHVLSLWDV\RQXQLONPH\GDQDJHOGL L titrasyon. Reajin 5HDJLQKRPRVLWRWURSLNDQWLNRU%LUDOOHUMHQWDUDIÕQGDQ\DNDODQDUDN PDVW K FUH \ ]H\LQH ED ODQDELOHQ DQWLNRUODU PHVHOD,J( DQWLNRUODU )UHQJL WDQÕVÕQGD NXOODQÕODQ :DVVHUPDQ UHDNVL\RQXQGDNL NRPSOHPDQED OD\DQDQWLNRUODUD da bu isim verilir. Reiter antijeni +DVWDOÕN \DSPD\DQ Treponema ODUÕQ DQWLMHQOHULQH WRSOXFD EX isim verilir. FTA-ABS testinden önce hasta serumu Reiter antijeni ile muamele edilerek serumdaki avirulan Treponema DQWLNRUODUÕ EORNH HGLOLU E \OHFH DVÕO WHVWLQ ]J OO DUWDU Rekombinan Rekombinasyon sonucunda genotipi belirlenen mikroorganizma YH\DNURPDWLGYH\DQ NOHLNDVLWLoLQNXOODQÕODQELUVÕIDWWÕU RES 5HWLN OR (QGRWHO\DO 6LVWHP %X WHULP úx K FUHOHUL WRSOXca ifade eder: NDUDFL HUGH.XSIIHU K FUHOHUL E EUHNWH LQWUDJORPHUXO PH]HQNLPDO PDNURIDMODU DOYHROHU PDNURIDMODU VHU ] ERúOXNWDNL PDNURIDMODU EH\LQGHNL JOLD K FUHOHUL GDODN VLQ VPDNURIDMODUÕOHQIG POHULQGHNLPDNURIDMODU RF Bkz. Romatoid faktor Rh antijeni (Rh faktörü) Eritrositlerin yüzeyinde bulunan bir izoantijendir. 0DFDFXV 5KHVXV PD\PXQODUÕQÕQ HULWURVLWOHULQGH EXOXQGX XQGDQ EX LVPL DOÕU.HOLPHQLQ EDúÕQGDNL U KDUILQH EDNDUDN ³UK \D]ÕOGÕ ÕQGD QHJDWLI ³5K \D]ÕOGÕ ÕQGD SR]LLWLIDQODPÕQDJHOLU. RIA 5DG\RLPPXQDVVD\5DG\RL]RWRSLOHLúDUHWOLDQWLMHQYH\DDQWLNRUNXOODQDUDN VHUXPGDNLDQWLMHQYH\DDQWLNRUPLNWDUÕQÕWHVSLWHWPH\H\DUD\DQELUWHVW RIST 5DG\RLPPXQDEVRUEDQWWHVW5,$WHVWLQLQ,J(LoLQPRGLIL\HHGLOPLúELU úhnolglu Romatoit faktör (RF 5RPDWRLG DUWULWOL KDVWDODUÕQ VHUXPXQGD EXOXQDQ JHQHOOLNOH,J0\DSÕVÕQGDELUDQWLNRUGXU S Sabin-Feldman Testi 7RNVRSOD]PRVLV WDQÕVÕQGD NXOODQÕODQ ELU WHVWWLU )DUH SHULWRQXQGD UHWLOHQ WRNVRSOD]PDODUÕQ KDVWD VHUXPXQGD FDQOÕOÕNODUÕQÕ NRUXPDVÕ HVDVÕQDGD\DQÕU SALT (Skin Associated Lymphoid Tissue). Deri ile ilgili lenfoid doku. Self tolerans.rqd ÕQ NHQGL DQWLMHQOHULQH NDUúÕ LPP Q \DQÕW ROXúWXUPDPDVÕ halini ifade eder. Serpin Serin proteaz inhibitörü. Seroloji $QWLMHQOHU DQWLNRUODU YH DUDODUÕQGDNL HWNLOHúLPOHU ]HULQH ODERUDWXYDUGD\DSÕODQoDOÕúPD Serotip $\QÕ EDNWHULQLQ IDUNOÕ \ ]H\ DQWLMHQOHULQH VDKLS ROGX X LoLQ VHURORMLN RODUDNIDUNOÕ ]HOOLNJ VWHUHQWLSL Serotonin +70DVWK FUHOHULYHWURPERVLWOHUWDUDIÕQGDQVDOÕQDQYHWULSWRIDQ (bir amiqr DVLW ÕQ GHNDUERNVLODV\RQXQGDQ DoÕ D oõndq PDGGH $QDILODNVL\H NDWÕOÕU histamin e benzer etki gösterir. Serum.DQÕQVÕYÕNÕVPÕGÕUøoHULVLQGHHOHNWUROLWDOEXPLQOHUILEULQRMHQEXOXQXU Plazmada bunlar bulunmaz.

14 1206 6HUXP KDVWDOÕ Õ 7LS DúÕUÕ GX\DUOÕOÕN $UWKXV UHDNVL\RQX DQODWÕU.RQD ÕQ DQWLMHQ LOH QFHGHQ GX\DUOÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ Õ GXUXPODUGD \HQLGHQ DQWLMHQ YHULOPHVL LOH böbrekte, eklemlerde ve deide görülen inflamatuvar lezyonlar. Sessiz determinant Bkz. Kriptik antijen Shwartzman reaksiyonu Bir organizmaya endotoksinin ikinci defa verilmesi LOHROXúDQUHDNVL\RQODUGÕU%LULQFLGHIDHQGRWRNVLQYHULOGL LQGHHQGRWRNVLNúRNROXúXU ønlqfl GHID YHULOGL LQGH ELULQFL HQMHNVL\RQXQ \DSÕOGÕ Õ \HUGH ORNDOL]H QHNUR]ODU SHWHúL\DONDQDPDYHO NRVLWLQILOWUDV\RQXROXU%X reaksiyona Shwartzman reaksiyonu GHQLU+HULNLHQMHNVL\RQGDPDU\ROXQGDQ\DSÕOÕUVD6KZDUW]PDQUHDNVL\RQXGDKDIDWDO VRQXoODQÕU Sitokin + FUHOHULQ LPP Q KDEHUOHúPH DPDFÕ LOH VDOGÕNODUÕ KHP GRODúÕPD geçen hem de lokal etkili olan peptitlerdir. Sitotoksik Hücreler üzerine toksin etkisi gösteren. 6ÕFDN RWRDQWLNRU *HQHOOLNOH 5K DQWLMHQLQH NDUúÕ ROXúXS Û C de reaksiyona JLUHQ DQWLNRUODUGÕU %X DQWLNRUOD ELUOHúHQ HULWURVLWOHU GDODN PDNURIDMODUÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ fagosite edilir. 6ÕUDVDO HSLWRS (Sequential epytop) BiU SURWHLQ PROHN O QGH VÕUD\OD KHU DPLQRDVLWDQWLMHQLN\DSÕROXúWXUX\RUVDEXLVPLDOÕU 6ÕYÕVDOED ÕúÕNOÕN Humoral immunite. siga6hnuhwxydu,j$6dojõvdovdojõodugdexoxqdq,j$dqwlnruoduõ Sitokin 6DOJÕODQDUDNK FUHOHUDUDVÕKDEHUOHúPHVD OD\DQNLP\DVDO maddeler. SLE Sistemik Lupus Eritematosus. SLPI sekretuvar lökosit proteaz inhibitörü. 6R XN DJO WLQLQ +RPRORJ DQWLMHQ LOH RGD ÕVÕVÕQGD YH\D ž& GH PXDPHOH HGLOGL LQGHGH LOIDNDWVR XNWDž&GHPXDPHOHHGLOGL LQGHROXúDQDJO WLQLQ'DKD çok atipik pq PRQL KDVWDODUÕQÕQ VHUXPODUÕQGD YH LQVDQ 2 JXUXEX HULWURVLWOHULQGH RUWD\DoÕNDU 6R XN RWRDQWLNRU 2GD VÕFDNOÕ ÕQGD UHDNVL\RQD JLUHQ,J0 WLSLQGHNL RWRDQWLNRUODUGÕU SRS-A Slow reacting Substance-A(nafilaksi). Supresif%DVNÕOD\ÕFÕHQJHOOH\LFL Supresyon BaVNÕODPDEDVNÕDOWÕQGDWXWPDHQJHOOHPH Switching2UJDQL]HK FUHWUDQVIRUPDV\RQODUÕ%LUK FUHQLQEHOLUOLELUDPDoLOH ELUEDúNDK FUHoHúLGLQH ]HOOHúPHVL T 7ED ÕPVÕ]- %XHN Q QHJHOGL LLIDGH\H7OHQIRVLWOHULQGHQED ÕPVÕ]ROGX X DQODPÕQÕ YHULU 7 OHQIRVLWOHULQLQ YDUOÕNODUÕ JHUHNPHGHQ KD]ÕUODQDQ DQWLNRU YH\D 7 OHQIRVLWOHULQLQ P GDKDOH HWPHGL L DQWLMHQOHU YH\D 7 OHQIRVLWOHULQLQ NDUÕúPDGÕ Õ ED ÕúÕNOÕNLoLQNXOODQÕOÕU T lenfositi %LUOHQIRVLWFLQVLGLU7LPXV WD UHWLOGL LLoLQEDúÕQD7KDUILJHOLU TCR-1 T lenfositlerinin %5 inin yüzeyinde bulunan heterodimer polipeptit \DSÕGD ELU UHVHSW UG U 9X PDGGHQLQ ROJXQODúPDPÕú 7&5- ROGX X zannedilmektedir. TCR-2 T lenfositlerinin %95 inin yüzeyinde bulunan 90kDa luk bir polipeptit reseptördür. Tegüment ønl DQODPGD NXOODQÕOÕU 7 P Y FXW GHULVL %LU ROXúXPX GÕúWDQ saran tabaka (kapsül, kabuk, zar vs..) Tetanospazmin Clostridium ODUÕQVDOGÕ ÕQ URWRNVLQ\DSÕVÕQGDELUHQ]LP TGF-.7UDQVIRUPLQJ*URWK)DFWRU.7UDQVIRUPHHGLFLEüyüme faktörü.

15 1207 TGF-ß Transforming *URWK)DFWRU7UDQVIRUPHHGLFLEüyüme faktörü. THF Tymic Humoral Factor. THR T lenfositlerinin yüzeyindeki reseptörler. Timosin (Faktör 5) 7LPXV HSLWHOLQGH VHQWH]OHQHQ YH 7 K FUH ROJXODúPDVÕQÕ VD OD\DQELUKRUPRQ TIMP 0DWULNVPHWDOORSURWHLQD]ODUÕQGRNXinhibitörü Timosit 7LPXVWDJHOLúPHNWHRODQKHQ ]ROJXQODúPDPÕú7K FUHOHUL\DQLSUH-T hücreler. Timus* VNDIHVLQLQ QGXYDUÕQGDVWHUQXPXQKHPHQDUNDVÕQGDoLIWOREOX OHQIRLG RUJDQ %X GRNX HQGRNULQ ELU EH] RODUDN odoõúõu 7 OHQIRVLWOHULQLQ UHWLOGL L RUJDQGÕUøOHUOH\HQ\DúODUGDN o O U TIND7,QGHSHQGHQW7K FUHVLQGHQED ÕPVÕ] Titrasyon.DUúÕODúWÕNODUÕQGD ELUELUOHUL LOH ELUOHúHFHNOHUL ELOLQHQ LNL NLP\DVDO maddenin bilinen konsantrasyonlarda birbirlerine ilave edilmesi. TNF Tümör nekroz faktör. Toksoit %LU WRNVLQ ohúlwol LúOHPOHUGHQJHoLULOGLNWHQVRQUD UQH LQIRUPDOLQLOH PXDPHOH HWPHN DQWLMHQLN ]HOOL LQL NRUX\XS WRNVLVLWHVLQL ND\EHGHELOLU %XGXUXPGD WRNVRLWLVPLQLDOÕU TolerojenøPP Q\DQÕWVÕ]OÕNYH\DLPP QWROHUDQVPH\GDQDJHWLUHQPDGGH TPI 7UHSRQHPD3DOOLGXP,PPRELOL]DWLRQ6ILOL]WHúKLVLQGHNXOODQÕODQVHURORMLN bir test. Transplant7UDQVSODQWDV\RQVÕUDVÕQGDQDNOHGLOHQGRNXYH\DRUJDQ Transplantasyon 2UJDQ YH\D GRNX QDNOL )DUNOÕ LNL FDQOÕ DUDVÕQGD ROXUVD KHWHURWUDQVSODQWDV\RQ D\QÕ FDQOÕ W U Q Q IDUNOÕ LNL ELUH\L DUDVÕQGD ROXUVD KRPRWUDQVSODQWDV\RQD\QLELUH\LQNHQGLNHQGLVLQGHROXUVDRWRWUDQVSODQWDV\RQDGÕQÕ DOÕU TSA (Tumor Specific antigen) Sadece neoplastik hücre yüzeylerinde bulunan antijen. TSH Tiroid stimulan hormon. Hipofizin endonulqkrupõrqxgxu U Urtiker.DúÕQWÕ V VEGF Vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü. VDRL test 9HQHUHDO'LVHDVHV5HVHDUFK/DERUDWRU\7HVW6ILOL]LQWDQÕVÕQGD NXOODQÕODQ LQDNWLYH KDVWD VHUXPX ]HULQH NDUGL\ROLSLQ-lesitin-kolesterol ilavesi ile \DSÕODQVHURORjik bir test. Vi antijeni Salmonella typhi ve Salmonella paratyphi C, Citrobacter YH ED]Õ atipik Escherichia coli W UOHULQGH EXOXQDELOHQ SROLVDNNDULW ELU DQWLMHQGLU <DSÕVÕ 1- acetylgalactosaminuronic acid tir. Termolabildir. Somatik O antijenini maskelemesini HQJHOOHPHNDPDFÕ\ODÕVÕWÕOÕUVDWDKULSROXU VIP 9DVRDFWLYH,QWHVWLQDO 3RO\SHSWLGH 'Lú SXÕOSDVÕQGD Q URMHQLN LQIODPDV\RQ PHGL\DW U RODUDNVLQLUOLIOHULQGHQVDOÕQDQELUQ URSHSWLW VL 9DULDEOH /LJKW FKDLQ $QWLNRU LPPXQ JOREXOLQ \DSÕVÕQGD EXOXQDQ ve DQWLNRUGDQDQWLNRUDGH LúLNOLNOHUJ VWHUHQKDILI]LQFLUE OJHVL VLA (Very Late Activator) Adezyon yapan, integrin grubu 6 tane proteindir. VLA-4 ve VLA-ELUHUILEURQHNWLQOLJDQWÕGÕU9/$-ODPLQLQOLJDQWÕGÕU

16 1208 W Wassermann reaksiyonu 6ILOL] WDQÕVÕQGD NXOODQÕODQ YH :DVVHUPDQQ DQWLNRUODUÕQÕQWHVSLWLQLKHGHIOH\HQVHURORMLNELUWHVW Widal testi Salmonella ODUD ]J O VHUXP DQWLNRUODUÕQÕ WHVSLW HGHQ ELU aglütinasyon testi. Wiskott-Aldrich Sendromu ; NURPR]RPXQD ED OÕ UHVHVLI JHoLúOL % YH 7 lenfosit disfonkvl\rqkdvwdoõ ÕGÕU% \OHKDVWDODUGD&'VHQWH]OHQHPH] X Y X hücreleri $QWLMHQLOHKHQ ]KLoWHPDVHWPHPLúNRPSHWDQOHQIRVLWOHU Y hücreleri $QWLMHQ LOH LON WHPDVÕQÕ VD ODPÕú NRPSHWDQ OHQIRVLWOHU 0HPRU\ K FUHOHU+DIÕ]DK FUHOHULELUHU<K FUHVLGLU Z Z hücreleri øppxqhihnw UK FUHOHU Zara hücum kompleksi.rpsohpdq UHDNVL\RQXQXQ VRQXFX RODUDN \DEDQFÕ K FUH PHPEUDQÕQD ED ODQDUDN KLGURILOLN ]HOOL L\OH ]DUÕQ LoLQH JLUHQ ELU WHN &-8 SDUoDVÕ NRPSOHPDQ - WDQH & SDUoDVÕQÕ ]HULQH ohnhu 0RQRPHULN SUoteinler RODQ& ODU ohshohyuh]dud\dsõúdudn - $QJVWU P odsõqgd GHOLN DoDUODU& SDUoDVÕ]DUDK FXPNRPSOHNVLDGÕQÕDOÕU Zimojen (Zymogen) Kompleman aktivasyonunda bir sonraki kompleman proteinini uyaran her bir parçaya zimojen denir. KAYNAK: Singleton P, Sainsbury D. Dictionatry of Microbiology. NewYork, Johns WileySons,1978. * OPH]R OX((UJ YHQ6øPP QRORML$QNDUD+DFHWWHSH7Dú\D\ÕQODUÕ 7HúHNN U6 ]O QKD]ÕUODQPDVÕQDHPH LJHoHQ'U'HYULP6(dø17ø \HWHúHNN UOHU