Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu NOUN CLAUSES BASİT CÜMLELERDEN KARMAŞIK CÜMLELERE GEÇİŞ

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1 NOUN CLAUSES BASİT CÜMLELERDEN KARMAŞIK CÜMLELERE GEÇİŞ 1081

2 NOUN CLAUSE NEDİR? I don't know whether my students have studied Noun Clauses before. The teacher must determine if they are ready to study Noun Clauses. I can t decide how I should teach Noun Clauses to my students. Whether they will find Noun Clauses easy or not remains to be seen. 1082

3 Noun Clause bir MARKER ile başlayan, mutlaka kendine ait bir YÜKLEME sahip olan (kısaltma durumu hariç), genellikle bir cümlede ÖZNE ve/veya NESNE konumunda kullanılan, bazen ise İSİM gelebilen her yerde görülebilecek CÜMLECİKLERDİR. 1083

4 1- I don't know the answer. 2- I don't know what the answer is. 3- I don't know her address. 4- I don't know where she lives. 5- Our discussion was private. 6- What we talked about was private. 7- Her address is unknown. 8- Where she lives is unknown. 1084

5 1- I don't believe what you are telling me. 2- If I wear a uniform, I don't have to think about what I should wear. 3- I am not sure when he is coming. 4- I don't understand why I did so badly on the test. 5- Do you know how much it costs? 1085

6 6- I don't believe what you are telling me. 7- If I wear a uniform, I don't have to think about what I should wear. 8- I am not sure when he is coming. 9- I don't understand why I did so badly on the test. 10- Do you know how much it costs? 1086

7 MARKER NEDİR? Noun Clause ların başındaki kelimelerdir. Bu kelimeler olmadan NOUN CLAUSE kurulamaz. 4 e ayrılır. 1- Soru kelimeleri 2- Whether / If (or not) 3- That / The fact that 4- Soru kelimeleri + ever 1087

8 SORU KELİMESİ İLE BAŞLAYAN NOUN CLAUSE LAR SORU KELİMESİ İLE BAŞLAYAN SORU SORABİLMEK How old are you? I want to know how old you are. What is your name? We don't know what your name is. Where will you go tomorrow? I wonder where you will go tomorrow. Where are we? I want you to tell me where we are. 1088

9 1- who : Hem özneyi, hem de nesne durumunda insanı sorar (kim, kimi/kime). 2- whom : Sadece nesne durumunda insanı sorar (kimi/kime) 3- whose : İnsanlar ve hayvanlar için kullanılır (kimin) 4- what : Normalde nesneler için kullanılır. İnsanlar için kullanımı çok kısıtlıdır. (ne, hangi, şey) 5- which : (hangi), (hangisi) Hem nesneler hem de insanlar için kullanılır. Sınırlı bir grup içinden hangisi olduğunu sorar. 1089

10 6- where : (nerede) 7- when : (ne zaman) 8- why : (neden) 9- how : (nasıl) Sıfat veya zarf ile kullanılırsa (ne kadar) 10- how long : (ne kadar süreyle/ne zamandan beri) Süreç sorar 11- how often : (ne kadar sıklıkla) 12- how far : (ne kadar uzaklıkta/ne kadar mesafede) 13- how much : Bir nesnenin fiyatını (kaç para) ya da sayılamaz isimler için miktar sorar (ne kadar). 14- how many : Sayılabilir isimler için miktar sorar (kaç tane). 1090

11 15- what for : (ne için) 16- what about : (ne hakkında) 17- how few : Sayılabilir isimler için miktar sorar (ne kadar az) 18- how little : sayılamaz isimler için miktar sorar (ne kadar az) 1091

12 ÖRNEK CÜMLELER 1- Where they are moving their house is a mystery to us. 2- They wonder how many pages there are left to be read. 3- She didn t ask me who I was and why I was there. 4- What she said was what I was not expecting to hear. 5- I haven t got the faintest idea where he could be from. 1092

13 6- I m not interested in who you are. 7- I m curious about whom you are striking a friendship with now. 8- I wonder whom / who the manager is. 9- I wonder who / whom they have decided to hire in place of the previous secretary. 10- I can t wait to learn who / whom she is so scared of. 11- How long you study each day will determine how high your score will be. 12- I wonder how your mother is now after that painful surgery. (Nasıl) 1093

14 13- I wonder how ill your mother is now. Is she too ill to go to work? (Ne kadar hasta) 14- She didn t know how quickly I had done the entire job by myself. (Ne kadar çabuk) 15- She doesn t know how hard the exam could be. (Ne kadar zor) 16- He can t wait to learn how the results will be. (Nasıl?) 17- I wonder how long you take to cook dinner. You are too fast! 18- I didn t know how few friends you had until I came here to visit you. 1094

15 19- How often she hires a taxi to work in a week is amazing. 20- Do you have any idea how far his house is from the city centre? 21- She didn t ask me where I had been all day. 22- He doesn t know where the party is going to be held. 23- She didn t know where in the kitchen the knife was, so she couldn t carve the meat. 24- The pirates were not sure where on the island the treasure could be. 1095

16 25- I wonder how you managed to break such a huge window with this small stone? 26- They are very curious about how the new tramline system will work. 27- Do you know how she managed to get her cat down from the tree where it was stuck? 28- I don t know why he has been arrested, but I m sure he is innocent. 29- Although I respected what the teacher said, I disagreed with his conclusion. 1096

17 30- It won t make any difference whose advice you take for such a complicated case. It won t work at all. 31- What the English teacher said was downright inspiring. 32- What I had for breakfast gave me heartburn. 33- I m packing extra snacks for when we get hungry. 34- Political scientists study how people govern themselves. 35- Do you know why more Americans are born on Tuesday than any other day of the week? 1097

18 36- Sociology examines how social contexts influence people's lives. 37- To find out why people do what they do, sociologists look at social location. 38- What sociologists appreciate about Freud is his emphasis on socialization. 39- A university is what a college becomes when the faculty loses interest in students. 40- The police were investigating who the serial killer was. 41- I don t know when the birds built their nest in the roof. 1098

19 42- The book is about where the dinosaurs laid their eggs. 43- We don t know what songs she often sings. 44- We are still uncertain who brought about all this chaos in the office. 45- I m not sure whose this new pair of glasses on the table is, are you? 46- A singer s music success depends on how his music is marketed. 47- In order to help his healthy development, you should talk to your child and ask him why what he did was wrong. 1099

20 48- There is no way of being certain how long it will take before you feel the counselling has worked. 49- Do you have any idea about just how many voters there are in Turkey? 50- Do you know which of your products will draw more people when put on sale? 51- Each of the experiences I have had seems to have contributed to how I am carrying out my profession. 52- He explained to me why what they had told me at the meeting was incorrect. 1100

21 53- I requested them to tell me to whom I can pay my membership fee. 54- I'm sure he posted that comment just to see how much reaction he could draw out. 55- Is there anyone who knows what percent of the mountain is open and what the conditions are like there? 56- None of us ever know for certain how long our good health will hold. 57- Parents need to know with whom their child is associating because negative peer influence can have a direct affect on them. 1101

22 58- What a patient with a visual defect sees cannot be seen by the doctor. 59- Why there is controversy over nuclear fusion lies in the fact there are two separate views. 1102

23 WHETHER / IF İLE BAŞLAYAN NOUN CLAUSE LAR YARDIMCI FİİL İLE BAŞLAYAN SORU SORABİLMEK Are you ill? I want to learn whether/if you are ill. Is there anybody here? I wonder whether/if there is anybody here. Did she go to school yesterday? Her father doesn't know whether/if she went to school yesterday. 1103

24 1- I wonder whether (or not) she is coming to the party or not. 2- Whether she is coming to the party (or not) isn't certain yet. 3- I don't know whether/if we have to return our assignments by Monday. 4- I'd like to learn whether/if I may leave early today. 5- I wonder whether/if you can help me with my English homework. 6- I'm curious about whether (or not) she passed the exam. 1104

25 7- I haven't decided yet whether I will attend tomorrow's meeting (or not.) 8- Whether we succeed or not often depends on how much effort we are willing to expend. 9- Can you tell me whether the Kramers live on this street? 10- The big question was whether it was going to rain. 11- The two brothers disagree about whether the Pope is infallible. 1105

26 THAT / THE FACT THAT İLE BAŞLAYAN NOUN CLAUSE LAR -MASI, -MESİ, -CAĞI, -CEĞİ, -DIĞI, -DİĞİ 1. I'm sorry (that) I hurt his feelings. 2. I'm surprised (that) she couldn't get the job. 3. It is very surprising (that) she was dismissed from her job. 4. I'm very surprised (that) she was dismissed from her job. 5. It's pleasing (that) you've made good progress in English. 1106

27 6. I'm pleased (that) you've made good progress in English. 7. It's likely (that) there will be another rise in prices soon. 8. It's obvious (that) some small businesses will go bankrupt after the recent economic crisis. 9. It's unfair (that) women still don't have the same rights as men. 10. It's true (that) smoking gives rise to certain respiratory diseases. 11. It's a wonder (that) she survived the accident. 1107

28 12. It's a miracle (that) the child didn't get killed when he fell from the fifth floor. 13. It's a widely accepted belief (that) the two major conservative parties should be united to come to power. 14. It's a great shame (that) some nations spend an enormous amount of money on arms while others starve to death. 15. It's a good thing (that) your parents are being so understanding on this occasion. 16. It's my opinion (that) television reduces interest in reading. 1108

29 17. I know (that) he will try anything to attain his ambition. 18. The teacher claims (that) he cheated during the exam. 19. I assume (that) the meeting will have to be cancelled. 20. Everybody in the company thinks (that) Mr. O'Neil will make a successful manager. 21. The result of the exam indicates (that) you didn't study hard enough. 22. He never admits (that) he has made a mistake. 1109

30 23. She will soon realize (that) she has just lost the chance of making a career by rejecting this post. 24. It appears (that) we will face terrible conditions on this expedition. 25. It seems to me (that) this child will be an artist when he grows up. 26. It occurs to me (that) his action was deliberate. 27. It turned out (that) he had a number of accomplices in the robbery. 28. She promises (that) she will be more careful next time. 1110

31 29. The villagers predict (that) the harvest will be good this season. 30. The fact that she couldn't pass the exam disappointed us. 31. Yesterday in class we discussed the fact that the War of Independence was won with great difficulty. 32. The fact that she cheated in the exam made the teacher furious. 33. That she cheated in the exam made the teacher furious. 34. We are not worried about the fact that she comes home late from work. 1111

32 35. I'm not responsible for the fact that we lost the contract. 36. Herbert Spencer believed (that) society operates according to fixed laws. 37. Most people believe (that) obesity cannot be reduced just by reducing calorie intake. 38. Personally, I do not believe (that) it is necessary to exploit animals for our own satisfaction. 1112

33 39. That I should get a haircut is Mother's idea. 40. It is important (that) the individuals do everything they can to help educate their children. 1113

34 THAT ALABİLEN FİİLLER tüm that ler gizlenebilir 1) accept that = kabul etmek 2) acknowledge that = kabul etmek 3) add that = ilave etmek 4) admit that = kabul etmek 5) advise that = öğütlemek, tavsiye et. 6) allege that = iddia etmek 7) announce that = duyurmak 8) answer that = cevaplamak 9) anticipate that = önceden tahmin et. 10) appear that = gibi görünmek 11) appreciate that = takdir etmek 1114

35 12) argue that = iddia etmek 13) arrange that = düzenlemek 14) assert that = iddia etmek 15) assume that = varsaymak 16) assure s.o. that = güvence vermek 17) believe that = inanmak 18) bet that = bahse girmek 19) caution that = uyarmak 20) certify that = belgelemek 21) charge that = suçlamak 22) claim that = iddia etmek 23) command that = talimat vermek 24) comment that = yorumlamak 25) complain that = şikayet etmek 26) conclude that = sonlandırmak 1115

36 27) confess that = itiraf etmek 28) confirm that = onaylamak 29) consider that = düşünmek, sanmak 30) contend that = ileri sürmek 31) convince s.o. that = ikna etmek 32) decide that = karar vermek 33) declare that = ilan etmek 34) deduce that = çıkarsama yapmak 35) demand that = talep etmek 36) demonstrate that = göstermek 37) deny that = inkar etmek 38) determine that = belirlemek 39) discover that = keşfetmek 40) doubt that = şüphelenmek 41) dream that = hayal kurmak 1116

37 42) ensure that = sağlamak 43) envisage that = öngörmek 44) establish that = belirlemek 45) estimate that = tahmin etmek 46) expect that = ummak 47) fancy that = hayal etmek 48) fear that = korkmak 49) feel that = hissetmek 50) figure out that = anlamak 51) find out that = öğrenmek 52) forecast that = tahmin etmek 53) foresee that = önceden tahmin 54) forget that = unutmak 55) gather that = anlamak 56) guarantee that = garanti etmek 1117

38 57) guess that = tahmin etmek 58) it happens to me that = bana öyle geliyor ki 59) hear that = duymak 60) hint that = ima etmek 61) hope that = ummak 62) hypothesize that = hipotezde bulunmak 63) imagine that = hayal etmek 64) imply that = ima etmek 65) indicate that = göstermek 66) infer that = sonuç çıkarmak 67) inform s.o. that = bilgilendirmek 68) insist that = ısrar etmek 69) judge that = yargılamak 1118

39 70) know that = bilmek 71) learn that = öğrenmek 72) maintain that = ileri sürmek 73) mean that = demek istemek 74) mention that = bahsetmek 75) notice that = fark etmek 76) notify s.o. that = işaret etmek 77) object that = karşı çıkmak 78) observe that = gözlemlemek 79) it occurs to me that = bana öyle geliyor ki 80) order that = emretmek 81) perceive that = algılamak 82) pledge that = söz vermek 83) point out that = işaret etmek 1119

40 84) postulate that = ileri sürmek 85) predict that = önceden tahmin 86) prefer that = tercih etmek 87) presume that = sanmak 88) presuppose that = sanmak 89) pretend that = mış gibi yapmak 90) promise that = söz vermek 91) propose that = teklif etmek 92) prove that = ortaya çıkmak 93) rule that = hükme varmak 94) reckon = düşünmek 95) realise that = fark etmek 96) recall that = hatırlamak 97) recollect that = hatırlamak 98) recommend that = tavsiye temek 1120

41 99) reflect that = yansıtmak 100) regret that = pişman olmak 101) remark that = işaret etmek 102) remember that = hatırlamak 103) remind s.o. that = hatırlatmak 104) reply that = cevap vermek 105) report that = rapor etmek 106) request that = rica etmek 107) resolve that = karar vermek 108) reveal that = açığa çıkartmak 109) say that = söylemek 110) see that = anlamak 111) seem that = gibi görünmek 112) sense that = hissetmek 113) show that = göstermek 1121

42 114) speculate that = spekülasyon 115) state that = ifade etmek 116) stipulate that = ön şart koşmak 117) stress that = vurgulamak 118) suggest that = önermek 119) suppose that = sanmak 120) surmise that = özetlemek 121) suspect that = şüphelenmek 122) tell s.o. that = söylemek 123) think that = düşünmek 124) threaten that = tehdit etmek 125) trust that = güvenmek 126) turn out that = ortaya çıkmak 127) understand that = anlamak 128) urge that = ısrarla istemek 1122

43 129) verify that = doğrulamak 130) visualize that = görselleştirmek 131) warn that = uyarmak 132) wish that = dilemek, istemek 133) wow that = söz vermek 1123

44 THAT ALABİLEN SIFATLAR tüm that ler gizlenebilir 134) to be absurd that = saçma 135) to be afraid that = korkmuş 136) to be amazed that = şaşırmış 137) to be annoyed that = kızgın 138) to be apparent that = belli 139) to be ashamed that = utanmış 140) to be aware that = farkında 141) to be certain that = emin * 142) to be clear that = açık * 143) to be confident that = emin * 144) to be conscious that = farkında 1124

45 145) to be convinced that = ikna olmuş 146) to be delighted that = memnun 147) to be disappointed that = hayal kırıklığına uğramış 148) to be evident that = belli, açık * 149) to be excited that = heyecanlı 150) to be fortunate that = şanslı 151) to be furious that = kızgın 152) to be glad that = memnun 153) to be happy that = mutlu 154) to be impressed that = etkilenmiş 155) to be incredible that = inanılmaz 156) to be likely that = olası * 157) to be natural that = doğal 158) to be obvious that = açık * 1125

46 159) to be odd that = tuhaf 160) to be optimistic that = iyimser 161) to be pleased that = memnun 162) to be positive that = olumlu 163) to be possible that = olası * 164) to be proud that = gururlu 165) to be recommendable that = tavsiye verilebilir 166) to be sad that = üzgün 167) to be shocked that = şok olmuş 168) to be sorry that = üzgün 169) to be strange that = tuhaf 170) to be sure that = emin * 171) to be surprised that = şaşırmış 172) to be terrified that = ürkmüş 1126

47 173) to be thrilled that = çok korkmuş 174) to be unaware that = farkında olmayan 175) to be unlikely that = olası olmayan * 176) to be upset that = morali bozuk 177) to be worried that = üzüntülü 1127

48 THAT ALABİLEN İSİMLER tüm that ler gizlenebilir 178) the belief that = inanç 179) the chance that = şans 180) the claim that = iddia 181) the allegation that = iddia 182) the argument that = iddia 183) the assumption that = varsayım 184) the belief that = inanç 185) the chance that = şans 186) the claim that = iddia 187) the concern that = endişe 188) the conclusion that = sonuç 1128

49 189) the doubt that = şüphe 190) the evidence that = kanıt 191) the expectation that = beklenti 192) the explanation that = açıklama 193) the fact that = gerçek 194) the fear that = korku 195) the hope that = umut 196) the idea that = fikir 197) the impression that = izlenim 198) the indication that = gösterge 199) the miracle that = mucize 200) the news that = haber 201) the notion that = olgu 202) the observation that = gözlem 203) the opinion that = fikir 1129

50 204) the pity that = yazık 205) the possibility that = olasılık 206) the prediction that = önceden tahmin 207) the premise that = iddia 208) the principle that = prensip 209) the probability that = olasılık 210) the proof that = kanıt 211) the reason that = neden 212) the recommendation that = öneri 213) the relief that = rahatlama 214) the rumour that = dedikodu 215) the shame that = ayıp, yazık 216) the stipulation that = ön şart koşma 217) the suggestion that = öneri 218) (a good) thing that = iyi bir şey 1130

51 219) the view that = görüş 220) the wonder that = şaşılacak olay 1131

52 SORU KELİMESİ +EVER İLE BAŞLAYAN NOUN CLAUSE LAR 1- With the help of the internet, now you can obtain whatever information you want without even leaving home. 2- Whoever thought of that idea is a genius. 3- Whichever restaurant you pick is fine with me. 4- You can work however you want as long as you are done with the job by noon. 1132

53 5- He talked with whichever person arrived first. 1133

54 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Gereklilik, ivedilik ya da önem ifade eden sözcükler Noun Clause ile kullanıldıkları zaman NOUN CLAUSE içerisinde SHOULD kullanılması gerekir. Bu SHOULD aynı zamanda gizlenebilir. Bu sözcüklerden yaygın olarak kullanılanlar aşağıda verilmiştir. 1134

55 1. advise 2. decide 3. insist 4. request 5. ask 6. demand 7. order 8. resolve 9. beg 10. determine 11. propose 12. suggest 13. command 14. implore 15. recommend 16. urge 17. advisable 18. essential 19. necessary 20. significant 21. crucial 22. imperative 23. obligatory 24. urgent 1135

56 25. desirable 26. important 27. ridiculous 28. vital 29. advice 30. insistence 31. order 32. requirement 33. demand 34. necessity 35. proposal 36. suggestion 37. desire 38. obligation 39. recommendation 40. wish 1136

57 ÖRNEK CÜMLELER 1. The boss insists that everybody (should) be present at the meeting. 2. I demand that your son (should) be more obedient at school. 3. The doctor insists that I (should) stop smoking 4. The board of directors' advice is that the company (should) purchase new equipment. 5. I suggest that you (should) go to a doctor. 1137

58 6. It's important that we (should) not be late for the meeting. 7. I demand that your son (should) not be so disobedient at school. 8. His employer has requested that he (should) not leave his job until the project has been finished 9. I suggested that he (should) go to a doctor. 10. The headmaster demanded that my son (should) not be so disobedient at school. 11. It was important that we (should) not be late for the meeting. 1138

59 12. The judge recommended that the murderer (should) be given a life sentence in prison. 13. His employer requested that he (should) not leave his job until the project had been finished. 1139