YDSFORUM SORU PAYLAŞIM PROGRAMI GRUBUMUZA ÜYE OLMAK İÇİN TIKLAYINIZ.

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1 YDSFORUM SORU PAYLAŞIM PROGRAMI GRUBUMUZA ÜYE OLMAK İÇİN TIKLAYINIZ.

2 CONJUNCTIONS AND ADVERBIAL CLAUSES COMPOUND SENTENCES (BİRLEŞİK CÜMLELER ) Bu gruptaki bağlaçlar iki cümleciği birbirine bağlarlar. Yani genellikle iki cümlecik arasında bulunurlar. Genellikle önlerine virgül alırlar. Çevirileri düz olarak yapılır For / Yet kelimelerini diğer kullanımlarıyla karıştırmamak gerekir. Özne ortak olduğu için ikinci kez yazılmaz. Bu durumlarda and, but,so gibi bağlaçlarda virgül kullanılmayabilir. Fat is not digested in the stomach but (it is digested) in the small intestine FANTBOYS (Yds sınav stratejileri S.gürcan- R.gürbüz) For Çünkü I told her that I would leave, for I was very tired. And - They were requesting higer wages, and the employer had to give in their demand. ( Onlar daha yüksek ücretler istediler, ve işveren onların taleplerine boyun eğmek zorunda kaldı. ) Nor -- (Devrik kullanılır) ne de He didn't call us, nor did he write to us. ( O bizi aramadı, ne de bize yazdı. ) Then sonra,daha sonra Add the numbers together first, then multiply them. But ama, fakat--- He studied eight hours a day, but he failed the exam again. ( O günde sekiz saat çalıştı, ancak yine sınavda başarısız oldu. ) Or veya, yoksa You must obey the rules the school, or you must leave it. ( Okul kurallarına uymalısın veya okuldan ayrılmalısın. ) Yet ama, yine de I wanted my son to be an engineer, yet he preferred the medicine. ( Ben oğlumun bir mühendis olmasını istedim, halbuki o tıpı tercih etti. ) So bundan dolayı, bu yüzden -It was raining heavily, so we postponed the match. ( Yağmur şiddetli bir şekilde yağıyordu, bundan dolayı maçı erteledik. ) 2007 mayıs kpds

3 2004 mart üds fen PARALEL YAPILAR NOT ONLY BUT ALSO Gramer olarak aynı işleve sahip yapıları birbirine bağlar. Yani Not only den sonra sıfat ise --- but also dan sonra da sıfat gelir. Zarf ise zarf, fiil ise fiil. a- Not only the players but also their coach was in a bad mood after the defeat. (Noun phraseler bağlanmış) b- He not only does exercise but also eats less than before. ( Fiiller bağlanmış) c- There are problems not only with the students, but also with the teachers themselves. (Prepositional phrase ler bağlanmış) d- She is not only honest but also hardworking. (sıfatlar bağlanmış) Not only but also yapısı iki cümleyi birbirine bağladığında but also birleşik kullanılmaz. Also ya normal yerinde ya da cümlenin sonunda kullanılabilir. Also Kullanılmayabilir de. Also yerine as well de kullanılabilir. Pollution not only does harm to environment but it (also)endangers the life on the earth. Pollution not only does harm to environment but it endangers the life on the earth as well. **** Not only yapısı iki cümleyi bağlamak üzere cümle başına getirilirse birinci bölüm devrik olur. Not only does the pollution do harm to environment, but it (also) endangers the life on the earth. Not only can he make people laugh, but he can ( also) make them cry.

4 BOTH.. AND Gramer olarak aynı işleve sahip yapıları birbirine bağlar. Sıfatla sıfat, fiille fiil birbirine bağlanır. This time, I will try a method that is both simple and effective. Both she and her sister live in New Orleans. Yesterday, I both cleaned the house and tidied my room. ***Both and yapısı iki cümleyi birbirine bağlamaz. Both... and iki özneyi bağlıyorsa fiil daima çoğuldur. Diğer bağlaçlarla yükleme yakın olan özne, yani ikinci özne temel alınır. Eğer ikinci özne tekilse tekil bir fiil, çoğulsa çoğul bir fiil kullanılır. EITHER OR Ya.. Ya da anlamındadır. Gramer olarak aynı işleve sahip yapıları birbirine bağlar. Olumlu cümlede kullanılır. Olumsuz cümle de kullanıldığında Neither.. nor anlamı verir. Either my sister or my friend must have taken my book. (Kitabımı ya kardeşim ya da arkadaşım almış olmalı.) She has either fallen asleep or gone somewhere. (Ya uyuyakaldı ya da bir yere gitti.) She has been paralyzed since that shocking incident. She can't (either) speak or walk. (She can neither speak nor walk.) (Ne konuşabiliyor ne de yürüyebiliyor.) 2007 kasım kpds

5 NEITHER..NOR Ne.. Ne anlamında kullanılır. Gramer olarak aynı işleve sahip yapıları birbirine bağlar. Olumlu cümlelerde kullanılır. Kendisi anlamca olumsuz olduğundan cümle olumsuz çevrilir. Ali doesn't like fish. Ayşe doesn't like fish. Neither Ali nor Ayşe likes fish. (Ne Ali ne de Ayşe balığı sever.) She didn't study. She didn't watch TV. She neither studied nor watched TV. (Ne ders çalıştı ne de televizyon izledi.) ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONTRAST A) CONCESSIVE CONTRAST ( beklentinin aksine ortaya çıkan durum) 1- Although / though / Even though / Much as / Even if ( -e rağmen, olduğu halde, -se de) Bir yan cümleciği ana cümleye bağlarlar. En başta ya da iki cümlenin arasında kullanılabilirler. Although he wasn t a member of the club, he was allowed to go in. Much as wasn t a member of the club, he was allowed to go in. Even though wasn t a member of the club, he was allowed to go in. Though yapısı diğerlerinden farklı olarak iki cümle arasında buna rağmen anlamında kullanılabilir. Böyle kullanıldığında genelde ikinci cümlenin sonunda yer alır. İkinci cümlenin içinde iki virgül arasında da kullanılabilir. (nonetheless,nevertheless, however de böyle kullanılabilir.) They spent a lot of money on the decoration. Their house is still shabby, though. They spent a lot of money on the decoration. Their house, though, is still shabby. Evleri, buna rağmen, halen biçimsiz. 2- While / whilst Bu yapılar da iken anlamının yanısıra - e rağmen, -e karşın anlamı verebilirler. Bir yan cümlecik ve sonrasında ana cümlecik alırlar. While/Whilst it has proved to be useful, this method is not without pitfalls. Although E rağmen

6 Though Even though Much as Even if While Despite the fact that In spite of the fact Sa da Sa bile E karşın + SVO CÜMLE 3- Despite / Inspite of + Np/ Ving (cümlecik almaz) Despite her handicap, she walked a long way. 4- However + adverb/ adjective However yapısından sonra sıfat ya da zarf alarak - e rağmen, dığı halde, e karşın anlamı verir. However hungry I am, I won t be able to finish off a whole pizza. Ne kadar aç olsam da I don t think we ll get there in time however fast we drive. Ne kadar hızlı gidersek gidelim vaktinde orada olacağımızı sanmıyorum. 5- ***No matter + question word ( Burada -E rağmen olsa da, anlamında How kullanımı uygundur) However ve no matter'm bağlı bulunduğu cümle, temel cümleden önce ya da sonra yer alabilir. No matter how hard we tried, we couldn t convince him of going there alone. However hard we tried, we couldn t convince him of going there alone. No matter'dan sonra daima bir soru sözcüğü kullanılır. However late it is, you can call me for help. No matter how late it is, you can call me for help. (Ne kadar geç olursa olsun, yardım için beni arayabilirsin.) However hard I tried, I couldn't succeed. No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't succeed. (Ne kadar uğraştıysam da başaramadım.) You must know how to stand alone however many friends you have. You must know how to stand alone no matter how many friends you have. (Ne kadar çok arkadaşın olursa olsun kendi başına ayakta durmayı bilmelisin.) 6- Adverb/Adjective +as Bu yapıda e rağmen, dığı halde anlamı verir. Bir cümle ile tamamlanıp bir ana cümlecik alır. Bu yapıda as yerine though da kullanılabilir. Anlam aynıdır. Difficult as the exam was, I was able to pass it by studying hard enough. Difficult though the exam was, I was able to pass it by studying hard enough. Hard as he tried, he couldn t persuade his father to let him go out at night. Hard though he tried, he couldn t persuade his father to let him go out at night. 7- Try as he may/might - çok uğraşmasına rağmen

7 Try as he might, Stewart couldn t keep up with them. 8- Notwithstanding Cümlecik almaz Notwithstanding that cümle alabilir. Notwithstanding the bad weather, the ship arrived on time The contract is invalid, notwithstanding that the goods have been delivered. B) DIRECT CONTRAST (tam zıtlık) İki taraf arasında doğrudan bir zıtlığı ifade eder. Bu anlamda whereas ve while yaygın olarak kullanılır. WHERAS /WHILE Oysa iken anlamına sahiptirler, Özne, taraf zıtlığı bildirirler. ve bir yan cümlecik ve bir ana cümlecik ile kullanılırlar. He is around sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty. Tom is very extrovert and self-confident while Kathy is shy and quiet mayıs kpds spatial uzamsal, uzayla ilgili Coğrafi bilgi sistemi aygıtları sağlarken, bilgi yönetim sistemi aygıtları. sağlamaktadır. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASON AS The heart needs guarding as it is the wellspring of life. As the world is round, the Sun is overhead from only one spot on the Earth at a given time. BECAUSE Coconut oil is useful for cooking because it has much a higher temperature tolerance than olive oil. SINCE Since fables are often used to teach a lesson, they are often confused with parables. (dini hikaye) Since I was tired, I went home. SEEING THAT Seeing that he s been off sick all week he s unlikely to come today.

8 SEEING AS We may as well go to the concert, seeing as we've already paid for the tickets. INASMUCH AS Ann is guilty, inasmuch as she knew what the others were planning. NOW THAT Now that your father has retired, it s time for him to rest and take up a new hobby. IN CASE I will take my gloves in case it should snow. FOR Many people were curious to know whether something was special about his brain for Einstein was world-famous genius. IN SO FAR AS / IN AS FAR AS mesi bakımından, diği ölçüde She cites other academicians work only in so far as it supports her own theories. Kendi teorilerini desteklediği kadarıyla alıntı yapıyor. BECAUSE OF CÜMLECİK ALMAZLAR NOUN PHRASE, OBJECT PRONOUN YA DA GERUND ALIRLAR DUE TO OWING TO ON ACCOUNT OF THANKS TO IN VIEW OF AS A RESULT OF AS A CONSEQUENCE OF Dennis is unwelcome by his peers and teachers because of his rude manners. Nigerian economy is experiencing a squeeze due to the falling price of oil and the global economic depression Owing to its location, the city has a warm, humid climate. Some environmental groups predict that Europeans will stop taking their holiday by flight on account of the climate change. The American population is living longer thanks to the advent of modern technology and greater health advances. Research has shown that the physiological and cognitive changes occur as a result of depression. Animals have died as a consequence of coming into contact with this chemical. In view of yapısı dikkate alındığında, düşünüldüğünde ve ayrıca be fillinden sonra kullanıldığında diğerlerinden farklı olarak nın fikrinde ( be of the opinion) anlamı verir. In the view of the fact that Hobson was not a trained economist, his achievements were remarkable. Hobson un eğitimli bir ekonomist olmadığı dikkate alındığında, She is in the view of buying a new car. Yeni bir araba almayı düşünüyor, görüşünde. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT ( SONUÇ BAĞLAÇLARI) 1- SO + ADJ/ADV +THAT - The soup was so filling that I don t think I will want a main course. 2- Such. Sıfat+isim.. That - It was such a filling soup that I don t think I will want a main course.

9 3- SO (THAT) --- Bu yüzden - Kendisinden önce mutlaka neden ifadesi gereklidir. Amaç bildiren so that ile karıştırılmamalıdır. She felt tired, so (that) she went to bed early. 4- OTHERWISE / OR ELSE / OR YOKSA/ AKSİ TAKDİRDE İki cümleyi birbirine bağlar. Bir virgül, noktalı virgül ya da nokta ile ayrılır. She has to have the operation, or (else) she will die soon otherwise ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE SO THAT Each human being has to pull his weight so that he can protect the environment from big disasters. IN ORDER THAT The company decided to separate the production from the marketing processes in order that the factory could develop its quality standards. FOR FEAR THAT My aunt heated the stove for fear that it would be cold at night. LEST I can never smoke at home lest my father should see me. In order to+ VERB In order to be eligible for the Master s Degree, you should be equipped with a great deal of knowledge of your field. So as to (to) + VERB So as to understand Russian literature, one must understand the author, the political year in which it was written. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME

10 after After I finish/have finished this report, I will go out for lunch. After I finished/had finished the report, I went out for lunch. before Before I go out for lunch, I will finish this report. Before I went out for lunch, I finished/had finished the report. when When I got home, they were eating dinner. When I got home, they ate dinner. When I got home, they had eaten dinner. When I get home, they will be eating dinner. When I get home, they will eat dinner. When I get home, they will have eaten dinner. When I finish/have finished this report, I will go out for lunch. When I finished/had finished the report, I went out for lunch. When I see him tomorrow, I will give him your message. When I saw him yesterday, I gave him your message. while, as While/As I was walking up the street, I ran into an old friend. While/As I was taking the cake out of the oven, I burnt myself. While/As I cooked dinner, my son sat in the kitchen and watched me. My friend looked after my plants while I was on holiday. My friend will look after my plants while I am on holiday. They were playing cards while I was working hard on my thesis. by the time By the time he comes back, we will have finished our work. By the time he comes back, it will be too late. By the time he came back, we had finished our work. By the time he came back, it was too late. until, till She will wait for me until/till I finish/have finished my work. She waited for me until/till I finished/had finished my work. I had never heard of that author until/till you told me about her. since I am very happy to see him. We haven't seen each other since we left school. I was very happy to see him, because we hadn't seen each other since we left school. as soon as, once, the moment, Immediately As soon as/once/the moment/immediately I saw him, I understood that something was wrong. As soon as I finished/had finished my work, I went out. As soon as I finish/have finished my work, I will go out. as long as (so long as) I won't forgive him as long as/so long as I live. I never bought anything from that shop as long as/so long as I lived there. whenever, every time I greet him whenever/every time I see him. I greeted (used to greet) him whenever/every tune I saw him. the first time, the second time, the next time, the last time, etc.

11 The first time I went to Ankara, I stayed at a three-star hotel. The next time I go there, I won't stay at the same hotel. The last time I went there, I visited many friends. The last time I saw him, he was working for a computing firm. now (that) Now that we have finished our work, we can go out for a walk. Now that school is over, he can start to look for a job. ****no sooner... than, hardly/scarcely/barely... when I had no sooner received his letter than he himself arrived. I had scarcely/hardly received his letter when he himself arrived. Hardly/scarcely/barely... when ile no sooner... than kalıpları genellikle devrik cümle yapısıyla kullanılır. Bu kalıplar iki eylem arasında geçen sürenin çok kısa olduğunu vurgular ve as soon as ile aynı anlamı ifade ederler. She had hardly gone to bed when the phone rang. Hardly had she gone to bed when the phone rang. She had no sooner gone to bed than the phone rang. No sooner had she gone to bed than the phone rang. (Henüz yatmıştı ki telefon çaldı.) After ile afterwards arasındaki ayrıma dikkat ediniz. After bağlaç olarak kendisinden sonra cümle; preposition olarak da isim alır: after the class, after the meeting, etc. Afterwards bir zarftır ve "later, after that' anlamını verir. After she came, we went out. We went out after she came. (O geldikten sonra dışarı çıktık.) She came. Afterwards, we went out. She came. We went out afterwards. (O geldi. Ondan sonra dışarı çıktık.} ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF MANNER (JUST) AS dığı gibi Until the police arrive, we had better leave things as they are. As railway bridges were the great structural symbols of the 19th century, so highway bridges became the engineering emblems of the 20th century Ekim üds sosyal AS IF / AS THOUGH Bu yapılar iki anlamda kullanılır. Gerçek ve gerçek dışı.

12 Gerçek yapı gibi diye çevrilir ve gerçek zaman kullanılır Gerçek dışı yapı ise sanki / mış gibi diye çevrilir ve zamanın bir derece geçmiş hali kullanılır. look /seem/appear/act/ treat / feel yaygın olarak as if / as though yapılarından önce kullanılan fiillerdir. It seems as if inflation has dropped. ( Enflasyon düşmüş görünüyor. ) Take an umbrella. It looks as if it is going to rain. She acts as if she passed the exam. ( O sınavı geçmiş gibi davranıyor. ) Olay şu anda olduğu için bir öncesi olan Past ile aktarıldı. She was acting as if she had passed the exam. ( O sınavı geçmiş gibi davranıyordu. ) Olay geçmişte olduğu için bir öncesi olan Past perfect ile aktarıldı. My boss insulted me as if he had been my father. ( Patronum bana babammış gibi hakaret etti. ) Olay geçmişte olduğu için bir öncesi olan Past perfect ile aktarıldı. SENTENCE ADVERBS Adverbial Clause başlığı altında kullandığımız bağlaçlar cümlenin başında ya da ortasında yer alırlar. XXXXX, XXXXXX, XXXXX ****Though istisnadır. Oysa Cümle zarfları daha değişkendirler ve daha çok noktalama işaretleri ile kullanılırlar Aşağıdaki X konumuna dikkat ediniz.. X, ;X,. Özne, X,. X, X Even though she was not qualified enough, she got the job. She was not qualified enough. However/nevertheless, nonetheless, she got the job İpuçları: 1. ) İki cümle olduğu için ve aralarında nokta olduğu için bağlaç kullanılamaz, connector (cümle zarfı) kullanılmalıdır. 2. ) Connector ikinci cümlededir. İkinci cümle connector açısından üç şekilde yazılabilir. Therefore, he had to give his resignation. He had to, therefore, give his resignation. He had to give his resignation, therefore. 3. ) Connector çeviride başta söylenir. 4. ) Noktalı virgülden sonrada connector kullanılabilir. Çünkü (;) de de cümle bitmiştir.

13 İt was very cold outside; However, he went out to play. ( Dışarısı çok soğktu. Bununla bereaber o oynamak için dışarı çıktı. ) İki cümle arasında nokta olduğu için "connector" kullanıldı. Bu cümleyi bir bağlaç kullanarak da yazabiliriz. Bu durumda nokta yerine virgül olacaktır. Bu iki farklı yazılım anlam olarak aynı; gramatikal olarak farklıdır. İt was very cold outside, but he went out to play. ( Dışarısı çok soğktu, ancak o oynamak için dışarı çıktı. ) The results were favourable; still, we couldn't persuade him. ( Sonuçlar olumluydu; buna karşın onu ikna edemedik. ) 1- CONTRAST zıtlık A- Concessive contrast However -- Cotton production was on the increase. However, it was still a small industry compared to hemp and canvas production. Still It was raining. Still, some people were on the beach. Even so He had studied hard. Even so, he failed. Nevertheless The Sharks played with two men in the penalty box, but nevertheless managed to score. Nonetheless The substance may not affect humans. Nonetheless, the FDA is examining it closely. All the same It rained every day, but we had a good time, all the same. B- Direct Contrast Conversely --- aksine, diğer yandan On the other hand --- John does whatever his teacher assigns; on the other hand, Stewart doesn t. On the one hand, my husband is very concerned about me; on the other hand, he is indifferent to other things around him. In contrast -- oysaki, diğer yandan By contrast ---oysaki diğer yandan Their economy has expanded enormously, while ours, by/in contrast, has declined. On the contrary ----Everybody said she wouldn t be able to get by in İstanbul at first. On the contrary, she has even saved a lot of money. ***(Fikir çürütme, aksine görüş belirtme için sık kullanılan bir yapı) 2- RESULT: SONUÇ ( AND SONRASINDA SIK KULLANILIRLAR) THEREFORE ----There were serious claims about him. Therefore, he had to give his resignation. ( Onun hakkında ciddi iddialar vardı. Bu yüzden istifasını vermek zorunda kaldı. ) THUS She realized that her car had been stolen. Thus, she called the police to inform them of the theft. The houses were used for soldiers. Thus, the structures survived the Civil War. HENCE There were no seats left in the lecture hall, hence I had to stand up for almost three hours. ACCORDINGLY There aren't many jobs available. Accordingly, companies receive hundreds of resumés for every opening. CONSEQUENTLY The book has no narrator or main character. Consequently, it lacks a traditional plot. AS A CONSEQUENCE Animals have died as a consequence of coming into contact with this chemical AS A RESULT Climate is changing very rapidly; as a result, the world needs to react as soon as possible. THEREBY (CÜMLE ALMAZ) He redesigned the process, thereby saving the company thousands of dollars. 3- ADDITION EKLEME- BUNA EK OLARAK ALSO BESIDES (Besides eş anlamlıları in addition to, as well as, ***apart from yanı sıra,ek olarak) The hotel was not comfortable; besides, It was not reasonably priced. (üstüne üstlük) FURTHER MOREOVER - The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it s inaccurate.

14 FURTHERMORE The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the gains were substantial. (çok sayıda, miktarda) IN ADDITION WHAT S MORE 4- TIME AT FIRST / INITIALLY AFTERWARDS IN THE MEANTIME MEANWHILE 5- EXEMPLIFICATION FOR INSTANCE FOR EXAMPLE TO ILLUSTRATE AS AN EXAMPLE AS AN ILLUSTRATION TO EXEMPLIFY 6- PARTICULARIZATION IN PARTICULAR PARTICULARLY SPECIFICALLY ESPECIALLY NOTABLY 7- EXPLANATION (YANİ, BAŞKA BİR DEYİŞLE) THAT IS NAMELY IN OTHER WORDS THAT IS TO SAY TO PUT IN A DIFFERENT WAY TO PUT IT ANOTHER WAY 8- SIMILARITY ( AYNI ŞEKİLDE) LIKEWISE SIMILARLY CORRESPONDINGLY BY THE SAME TOKEN IN THE SAME WAY 9- EMPHASIS (ASLINDA, GERÇEKTE) IN FACT INDEED AS A MATTER OF FACT ACTUALLY AS SUCH 10- TRANSITION (Bir konudan diğerine geçiş e gelince / ile ilgili olarak E gelince As for When it comes to With regard to With respect to In the case of İle ilgili olarak / e dair About As to Concerning Regarding As regards Pertaining to 11- SUMMATION IN SUMMARY IN BRIEF IN SHORT IN CONCLUSION TO BE BRIEF TO SUM UP ALL IN ALL TO WRAP UP 12 EXCEPTION EXCEPT THAT SAVE THAT EXCEPT (FOR) BUT SAVING APART FROM ( DIŞINDA) DİĞER KULLANIMI HATIRLAYINIZ. **** 13- IRRESPECTIVE OF / REGARDLESS OF BAKILMAKSIZIN The candidates will be evaluated regardless of their gender, religion

15 KAYNAKLAR :1- ELS ENGLISH GRAMMAR INSIDE OUT 2- YDS SINAV STRATEJİLERİ (S.GÜRCAN- R.GÜRBÜZ) 3- BUILDING CONJUNCTIONS (BAĞLAÇLAR) ÖZET TABLO TERSLİK Cümle Cümle Although...CÜMLE...,...CÜMLE... Though Even though Despite the fact that In spite of the fact that Although Jim entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. Though he studied hard, he failed again. Even though he didn t study very hard, he passed the exam. Despite the fact that he is desperately in need of money, he makes no effort to economize. In spite of the fact that she wasn t suitably qualified, she applied for the job. TERSLİK Noun/Verb+ing Despite...NOUN/VERB+ING...,...CÜMLE... Despite all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it. In spite of In spite of her illness, she attended the meeting. Notwithstanding Notwithstanding differences, there are clear similarities in all the world s religions. NEDEN SONUÇ Cümle Cümle Because...CÜMLE...,...CÜMLE... As Because Russia has transformed itself since Putin became president in 2000, the problem of fitting Russia into the world s diplomatic and economic structures raises profound questions. Coconut oil is useful for cooking because it has much a higher temperature tolerance than olive oil. The heart needs guarding as it is the wellspring of life. As the world is round, the Sun is overhead from only one spot on the Earth at a given time.

16 KAYNAKLAR :1- ELS ENGLISH GRAMMAR INSIDE OUT 2- YDS SINAV STRATEJİLERİ (S.GÜRCAN- R.GÜRBÜZ) 3- BUILDING Since Now that On the grounds that Insomuch as / Inasmuch as / Insofar as,for in that Since fables are often used to teach a lesson, they are often confused with parables. (dini hikaye) Since I was tired, I went home. Now that your father has retired, it s time for him to rest and take up a new hobby. The survey was criticized on the grounds that the sample was too small. Ann is guilty, inasmuch as she knew what the others were planning. Many people were curious to know whether something was special about his brain for Einstein was world-famous genius. Most abortions occur in Asia in that the world s population is concentrated there. Noun/Verb+ing Because of...noun/verb+ing...,...cümle... Due to Owing to On account of On the grounds of Thanks to (Sayesinde) Dennis is unwelcome by his peers and teachers because of his rude manners. Nigerian economy is experiencing a squeeze due to the falling price of oil and the global economic depression Owing to its location, the city has a warm, humid climate. Some environmental groups predict that Europeans will stop taking their holiday by flight on account of the climate change. Many products are not very satisfactory, but on the grounds of advertisements customers try to buy them. The American population is living longer thanks to the advent of modern technology and greater health advances. AMAÇ (EXPRESSING PURPOSE) So that +CLAUSE In order that + CLAUSE In order to+ VERB So as to (to) + VERB Lest +CLAUSE (olmasın diye / korkusuyla) For fear that+ clause For fear of + noun In case (olursa diye, ihtimaline karşın) tedbir In case of + noun(durumunda) Each human being has to pull his weight so that he can protect the environment from big disasters. The company decided to separate the production from the marketing processes in order that the factory could develop its quality standards. In order to be eligible for the Master s Degree, you should be equipped with a great deal of knowledge of your field. So as to understand Russian literature, one must understand the author, the political year in which it was written. I can never smoke at home lest my father should see me. My aunt heated the stove for fear that it would be cold at night. Hector went to work although he was ill yesterday for fear of losing his job. I will take my gloves in case it should snow. snows Try to stay calm and take shelter in a safe place in case of an earthquake.