INTRODUCTION TO OTTOMAN LANGUAGE & PALEOGRAPHY

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1 National Hellenic Research Foundation Institute of Historical Research Department of Neohellenic Research Program of Ottoman Studies - Ottoman Epigraphy Project Organized with the Κind Support of Turkish Cultural Foundation LEVEL I Director: Evangelia Balta Instructor: Dimitris Loupis COURSE INTRODUCTION TO OTTOMAN LANGUAGE & PALEOGRAPHY Duration: October 2012-May Timetable: Monday, 1 October. Every Monday, 18:00-21:00. Classroom: Seminar Room, Ground Floor, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Konstantinou Street, Athens Contact: dimitrisloupis@gmail.com COURSE DESCRIPTION 1 This introductory course to the Ottoman language and its paleography is organized in two semesters during the academic year The course aims at introducing the student to the elementary level of Ottoman language. First semester includes familiarization with the Arabic alphabet and writing, elements of Turkish, Arab, and Persian grammar and syntax, chronology, and transliteration system through printed texts. During second semester more topics of grammar and syntax are taught through printed and manuscript texts in nesih script, together with an introduction to the panorama of Ottoman textual sources of narrative, archival, and archaeological character. 1 Zoomorphic Arab calligraphy by Hasan Musa. 1

2 COURSE MATERIAL Proposed handbook is: BUĞDAY, Korkut, The Routledge introduction to literary Ottoman, translated by Jerold C. Frakes (London: Routledge, 2009). BUĞDAY, Korkut, Osmanisch. Lehrbuch (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1999). Students have access to material in printed and pdf version provided for every class meeting. All material is available to subscribed students through the course depository in COURSE PROGRAM 1 st SEMESTER 1 October ο : Introduction to the history of Turkish language. Script and alphabet. Vocalization and other diacritics. Pronunciation. Ligatures and handwriting. 8 October 2 ο : Vocals in Turkish. Transliteration system. Transcription of elif, vav and ye. Orthography. 15 October 3 ο : Pronunciation and transcription of vocals in words of Arabic and Persian origin. Uses of hemze. Turkish numerals. 22 October 4 ο : Vocal and consonant harmony. Basic elements of Turkish grammar and syntax. Noun inflection I. Imperative mood. Possessive suffix of 3 rd person singular. Past tense in -miş. Aorist tense. Converbs. Ancillary verbs. Persian noun compound izafet I. 29 October 5 ο : Infinitive in -mak. Noun inflection II. Personal pronouns. The verb to be. Question words. Participles in -An. Suffixes -li, -dir, -dikda. 5 November No class. 12 November 6 ο : Instrumental case. The verb to have. Adverbials in -ca. Past tense. Present tense. Compound tense in -yordi. Negation. The necessitative. Verbal nouns in -dik. Short infinitive. Intensification in adjectives. 19 November 7 ο : Numerals. Personal pronoun inflection. Possessive suffixes. Verbal nouns in -AcAk. Past perfect tense. Comparison. 26 November 8 ο : Τurkish noun compounds. Future tense. Conditional mood. Optative mood. Converb formations. Persian noun plural. 3 December 9 ο : Short accusative case. Passive voice. Compound tenses. The Arabic article. 10 December 10 ο : Persian noun compound izafet. 17 December 11 ο : Verb suffixation. Persian words in compounds. Gender in Arabic. 7 January ο : Arabic roots and root formations. Arabic noun plural I. 14 January 13 ο : Arabic noun plural II. Adjective formation from noun. 21 January 14 ο : Written exam at the end of 1 st semester. 2

3 2 nd SEMESTER 28 January 1 ο : Script types. Panorama of Ottoman written textual sources. Arab verbs. 4 February 2 ο : Arabic noun inflection. Arabic adjectives and personal pronouns. Arabic noun compounds. 11 February 3 ο : Chronology, date. Persian past tense. 18 February 4 ο : Arabic past tense. Five Names in Arabic. 25 February 5 ο : Arab numerals. Persian present tense. 4 March 6 ο : Comparison in Arabic. Arabic past tense II. 11 March 7 ο : Persian numerals. Persian prepositions. 18 March Holliday. No class. 1 April 8 ο : Persian participles. Nouns of time, place, instrument. 8 April 9 ο : Arabic present and future tenses. Arabic passive voice. 15 April 10 ο : Familiarization with grammar and syntax topics on printed texts. 22 April 11 ο : Familiarization with grammar and syntax topics on printed texts. 13 May 12 ο : Familiarization with grammar and syntax topics on manuscript texts. 20 May 13 ο : Islamic and Ottoman calligraphy and epigraphy. 27 May 14 ο : Written exam at the end of 2 nd semester. EVALUATION Written exercises/homework: 20% Written exam at the end of 1 st semester: 30% Written exam at the end of 2 nd semester: 30% Participation in class, attendance: 20% SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OLD ANATOLIAN TURKISH (13 TH -15 TH cc.) GÜLSEVİN, Gürer, ve Erdoğan Boz. Eski Anadolu Türkçesi (Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, 2004). GÜLSEVİN, Gürer. Eski Anadolu Türkçesinde ekler (Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1997). TÜRK, Vahit, Şaban Doğan, ve Yasin Şerifoğlu, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi dersleri (İstanbul: Kesit Yayınları, 2011). ŞAHİN, Hatice. Eski Anadolu Türkçesi (Ankara: Akçağ, 2003). YELTEN, Muhammet. Eski Anadolu Türkçesi ve örnek metinler (İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, 2009). KÖKTEKİN, Kâzım. Eski Anadolu Türkçesi (Erzurum: Fenomen Yayıncılık, 2011). KANAR, Mehmet, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi sözlüğü (İstanbul: Say Yayınları, 2011). TİMURTAŞ, Faruk Kadri. Eski Türkiye Türkçesi, XIV. yüzyıl. Gramer, metin, sözlük (Ankara: Akçağ, 2005). TURAN, Fikret. Old Anatolian Turkish. Syntactic structure (unpublished PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 1996). TURAN, Fikret. Adverbs and adverbial constructions in Old Anatolian Turkish (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2000). 3

4 ANETSHOFER, Helga. Temporale Satzverbindungen in altosmanischen Prosatexten (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2005). ASRLAN EROL, Hülya. Eski Türkçeden Eski Anadolu Türkçesine anlam değişmeleri (Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 2008). METHODS, HANDBOOKS OTTOMAN (15 TH -20 TH c.) BUĞDAY, Korkut, The Routledge introduction to literary Ottoman, translated by Jerold C. Frakes (London: Routledge, 2009). BUĞDAY, Korkut, Osmanisch. Lehrbuch (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1999). NÉMETH, J., Turkish reader for beginners, English translation of the German original by T. Halasi-Kun (The Hague: Mouton, 1966). KREUTEL, Richard F., Osmanisch-türkische Chrestomathie (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965). DEVELİ, Hayati. Osmanlı Türkçesi kılavuzu, 2 cilt (İstanbul: Bilimevi, 2003). KURT, Yılmaz, Osmanlıca dersleri 1 (Ankara: Akcağ, ). KURT, Yılmaz, Osmanlıca dersleri 2 (Ankara: Akcağ, ). TİMURTAŞ, Faruk K. Osmanlı Türkçesine giriş, I (İstanbul: Alfa, ). KURT, Yılmaz, Osmanlı türkçesine giriş (Ankara: Akçağ, 2009). KANAR, Mehmet, Osmanlı Türkçesine giriş (İstanbul: Say, 2012). TİMURTAŞ, Faruk K. Osmanlı Türkçesi grameri, III (İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, 1991). ERGİN, Muharrem. Osmanlıca dersleri (İstanbul: Boğaziçi Yayınları, ). AK, Mahmut, ve Fahameddin Başar. Osmanlı Türkçesi. Gramer, tarihî metinler, belgeler (İstanbul: Dünya Kitapları, 2004). ÖZKAN, Mustafa, ve Hatice Tören. Osmanlı Türkçesi I (İstanbul: 3F Yayınevi, 2008). ÖZKAN, Mustafa, ve Hatice Tören, Osmanlı Türkçesi II (İstanbul: Akademik Kitaplar, 2012). MUTAF, Abdülmecid. Temel Osmanlıca (İzmir: Akademi Kitabevi, 2001). TÜRKMENOĞLU, Turan M. Türkçe okunuşlu Osmanlıca metinler. Osmanlıca dersleri (İstanbul: Elif Kitabevi, 2007). EMİNOĞLU, Mehmet. Osmanlı vesikalarını okumaya giriş (Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, ). YAZIR, Mahmut, Eski yazıları okuma anahtarı (Ankara: Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü, 1983). BEKEN, Süheyl, Osmanlı paleografyası, 2 c. (Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih- Coğrafya Fakültesi Yayınları, ). TENDAR, Nahit, ve Nebahat Karaorman, Osmanlıca okuma anahtarı (İstanbul: Bilgin Ofset, 1970). BELVİRANLI, Ali Kemâl. Osmanlıca rehberi 1 (İstanbul: Marifet Yayınları, 2000). BELVİRANLI, Ali Kemâl. Osmanlıca imlâ rehberi 2 (İstanbul: Marifet Yayınları, 1980). AK, Coşkun. Osmanlıca (Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, ). BALTACI, Cahit. İslâm paleografyası. Diplomatik-arşivcilik (İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi, 1989). 4

5 TEKİN, Şinasi. Ottoman manual, I, Ottoman texts in transcription and facsimile, II, Annotated Turkish translation of the Ottoman texts, annotated glossary (Cambridge, MA: The Department of Near Eastern Languages adn Civilizations, Harvard University, 2002). KANAR, Mehmet, Çözümlü Osmanlı Türkçesi metinleri (İstanbul: Say, 2010). ΧΛΩΡΟΣ, Ι. Μέθοδος προς εκμάθησιν της οθωμανικής γλώσσης, 2 τ. (Κωνσταντινούπολις: Πατριαρχικό Τυπογραφείο, 1900). ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΙΔΗΣ, Αλεξ., Θεωρητική και πρακτική μέθοδος προς εκμάθησιν της οθωμανικής γλώσσης (Κωνσταντινούπολις & Paris: Maisonneuve, 1873). GRAMMARS NÉMETH, J., Turkish grammar, English adaptation of the German original by T. Halasi- Kun ( s-gravenhage: Mouton, 1962). KISSLING, Hans-Joachim, Osmanisch-türkische Grammatik (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1960). DENY, J. Grammaire de la langue Turque, dialecte Osmanli (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1921). DENY, Jean, Türk dili grameri. Osmanlı lehçesi, tercüme eden Ali Ulvi Elöve (Ankara: Maarif Matbaası, 1941). Τουρκική μετάφραση του προηγουμένου με προσθήκες. REDHOUSE, J. W. Simplified grammar of the Ottoman-Turkish language (London: Trübner & Co., 1884). ΧΛΩΡΟΣ, Ι. Γραμματική της οθωμανικής γλώσσης (Κωνσταντινούπολη: Πατριαρχικό Τυπογραφείο, ). ΑΔΟΣΙΔΗΣ, Κωνσταντίνος, Στοιχεία της οθωμανικής γραμματικής (Κωνσταντινούπολις: Αυτοκρατορικό Τυπογραφείο, 1850). ГУЗЕВ, В. Г. Староосманский язык (Москва: Наука, 1979). KERSLAKE, Celia, Ottoman Turkish, In The Turkic languages, edited by Lars Johanson and Éva Á. Csató (London and New York: Routledge, 1998), MANSUROĞLU, Mecdut, Das altosmanische, in Philologiae Turcicae Fundamenta, ediderunt Jean Deny et al., tomus primus (Aquis Mattiacis: Apud Franciscum Steiner, 1959), MANSUROĞLU, Mecdut, The rise and development of written Turkish in Anatolia, Oriens 7.2 (1954): DICTIONARIES REDHOUSE, James W. A Turkish and English Lexicon (Constantinople: American Mission A.H. Boyajian, 1890). Redhouse Yeni Türkçe-İngilizce sözlük / New Redhouse Turkish-English dictionary (İstanbul: Redhouse, 1999). ZENKER, Julius Theodor. Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, 2 vols. (Leipzig: W. Engelmann, ; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1979). BARBIER DE MEYNARD, A. C.. Dictionnaire turc-français, 2 tomes (Paris: École des Langues Orientales Vivantes, 1881). MENINSKI, Franciscus à Mesgnien. Thesaurus linguarum orientalium Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae. Lexicon Turcico-arabico-persicum. Grammatica Turcica. 5

6 Complementum Thesauri Linguarum Orientalium seu Onomasticum & Index Verborum, mit einer Einleitung und mit einem türkischen Wortindex von Stanisław Stachowski, sowie einem Vorwort von mehmet Ölmez, 6 vols (Vienna: Author, 1680; reprinted İstanbul: Simurg, 2000). BIANCHI, T.-X, et J. D. Kieffer. Dictionnaire Turc- Français, 2 tomes (Paris: Typographie de Mme Ve Dondey-Dupré, 1850). HANDJÉRI, Alexandre. Dictionnaire français-arabe-persan et turc, 3 vols. (Moscou: Imprimerie de l Université Impériale, ). DEVELLIOĞLU, Ferit. Osmanlıca-Türkçe ansiklopedik lûgat (Ankara: Aydın Kitabevi, ). AYVERDİ, İlhan, et al. Misalli Büyük Türkçe sözlük, 3 c. (İstanbul: Kubbealtı, ). ÖZÖN, Mustafa Nihat. Osmanlıca Türkçe sözlük (İstanbul: İnkılâp, ). SĀMĪ, Şemsevd-dīn. āmūs-ı Türkī (Der-sa!ādet: İAdām MaUba!ası, 1317 [ ]). NĀCĪ, Mu!allim. Luġāt-ı Nācī (İstanbul:!Aṣır Maṭba!ası, 1308 [1891]). MÜTERCİM ÂSIM EFENDİ. Burhân-ı Katı, haz. Mürsel Öztürk & Derya Örs (Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 2000). ŞEYHÜLİSLÂM MEHMED ESAD EFENDİ. Lehcetü l-lügat, haz. Ahmet Kırkılıç (Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1989). AHMET VEFİK PAŞA. Lehce-i Osmânî, haz. Recep Toparlı (Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 2000). ERDOĞAN, Mehtap (haz.), Osmanlı Türkçesinde benzer yazılışlı kelimeler sözlüğü (Ankara: Grafiker Yayınları, 2009). Tarama sözlüğü, 7 c. (Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, ). DİLÇİN, Cem (düz). Yeni tarama sözlüğü (Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1983). ΧΛΩΡΟΣ, Ι. Λεξικόν τουρκο-ελληνικόν, 2 τ. (Κωνσταντινούπολις: Πατριαρχικό Τυπογραφείο, ). ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΙΔΗΣ, Ι. Π. Λεξικόν ελληνο-τουρκικόν, 2 τ. (Εν Κωνσταντινουπόλει: Τύποις Ι. Παναγιωτίδου, 1897). ΜΑΛΙΑΚΑΣ, Αβρ. Λεξικόν τουρκο-ελληνικόν. Mecme!üvl-luġā (Κωνσταντινούπολις: Τυπογραφείον Βουτυρά και Σ/ας, 1876). CLAUSON, Gerard. An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972). TIETZE, Andreas. Tarihi ve etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi lugatı. Sprachgeschichtliches und etymologisches Wörterbuch des Türkei-Türkischen, cilt 1, A-E, cilt 2, F-J (Istanbul - Wien: Simurg Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, ). EYÜBOĞLU, E. Kemal. Şiirde ve halk dilinde atasözleri ve deyimler, 2 c. (İstanbul: Doğan Kardeş Matbaacılık, ). DOERFER, Gerhard. Türkische und Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung älterer Neupersischer Geschichtsquellen, vor allem der Mongolen- und Timuridenzeit, 4 Bde (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, ). 6

7 PALEOGRAPHY & DIPLOMATICS KÜTÜKOĞLU, Mübahat S. Osmanlı belgelerinin dili. Diplomatik (İstanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı, ). REYCHMAN, Jan, and Ananiasz Zajączkowski, et al. Handbook of Ottoman-Turkish Diplomatics (The Hague - Paris: Mouton, 1968). FEKETE, Ludwig. Einführung in die osmanisch-türkische Diplomatik der türkischen Botmässigkeit in Ungarn (Budapest: Königliche Ungarische Universitätsdruckerei, 1926). STOJANOW, Valery. Die Entestehung und Entwicklung der osmanisch-türkischen Paläographie und Diplomatik (Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1983). KURT, Yılmaz, ve Muhammed Ceyhan, Osmanlı paleografyası ve Osmanlı diplomatikası (Ankara: Akçağ, 2012). BALTACI, Cahit. İslâm paleografyası. Diplomatik-arşivcilik (İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi, 1989). GÖKBİLGİN, M. Tayyib, Osmanlı paleografya ve diplomatik ilmi (İstanbul: Enderun Kitabevi, 1992). UĞUR, Ahmet. Epigrafi ve paleografi (Ankara: Gelişim Matbaası, 1983). ÖZTÜRK, Said. Osmanlı arşiv belgelerinde siyakat yazısı ve tarihî gelişimi (İstanbul: Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı, 1996). AKTAN, Ali. Osmanlı paleografyası ve siyasî yazışmalar (İstanbul: Osmanlılar İlim ve İrfan Vakfı, 1995). FEKETE, Lajos, Die siyāqat-schrift in der türkischen Finanzverwaltung, 2 Bde (Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1955). GÜNDAY, Dündar. Arşiv belgelerinde siyakat yazısı özellikleri ve divan rakamları (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, ). ELKER, Salâhaddin. Divan rakamları (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1989). DAĞLI, Yücel, ve Cumhure Üçer. Tarih çevirme kılavuzu, 5 c. (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1997). YAKIT, İsmail. Türk-İslâm kültüründe ebced hesabı ve tarih düşürme (İstanbul: Ötüken, 1992). UMUR, Suha. Osmanlı padişah tuğraları (İstanbul: Cem, 2011). GUBOGLU, Mihail. Paleografia şi diplomatica Turco-osmană. Studiu şi album ([Bucureşti]: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, 1958). НЕДКОВ, Борис. Османотурска дипломатика и палеография, I-II (София: Наука и Искуство, ). ВЕЛКОВ, Аспарух. Видове османотурски документи. Принос към османотурската дипломатика (София: Народна Библиотека Кирил и Методий, 1986). ВЕЛКОВ, Аспарух, и Стефан Андреев. Водни знаци в османотурските документи, I, Три луни (София: Народна Библиотека Кирил и Методий, Българска Археографска Комисия, Ориенталска Секция, 1983). VELKOV, Asparouh. Les filigranes dans les documents ottomans. Divers types d images (Sofia: Éditions Texte A. Trayanov, 2005). VELKOV, Asparouh. Les écritures secrètes de l Empire Ottoman. Chiffres et codes (Sofia: L Édition Académique Prof. Marin Drinov, 2002). 7

8 МИХАЙЛОВА-МРЪВКАРОВА, Мария, Увод в османската сфрагистика (София: Авангард Прима, 2006). ARABIC & PERSIAN LANE, Edward William. An Arabic-English lexicon, edited by Stanley Lane-Poole, 8 parts (London: Williams and Norgate, ). WEHR, Hans. A dictionary of modern written Arabic, ed. by I. Milton Cowan (Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1980). KAZIMIRSKI, A. de B. Dictionnaire arabe-français, 2 vols (Paris: Maisonneuve et C ie, 1860). WRIGHT, W. A grammar of the Arabic language (Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1996). ABU SHAQRA, Faruq. Arabic. An essential grammar (London: Routledge, 2007). STEINGASS, F. A comprehensive Persian-English dictionary (London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1892; reprinted Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1998). HAÏM, S. New Persian-English dictionary, 2 vols. (Téhéran: Librairie-Imprimerie Béroukhim, ). MACE, John. Persian grammar (London: Routledge Curzon, 2003). INTERNET RESOURCES Tarama sözlüğü (dictionary of Turkish through Anatolian texts since 13 th century): Date conversion in between Hegirae (Hicri), Late Ottoman era Financial (Rumi) and Christian (Miladi) calendars, in Tarih çevirme kılavuzu: Ottoman-English dictionary: Turkish-Dictionary/11578.html On Ottoman language, Department of Near Eastern Studies, University of Michigan: On Ottoman language (dictionaries, grammars): 8