Turkish folk medicinal plants, IX: Ovac k (Tunceli)

Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 14: 136-143, 2010. DOI: 10.12991/201014449 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Turkish folk medicinal plants, IX: Ovac k (Tunceli) Ertan Tuzlac 1, Ahmet Do an 1 ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was made to reveal the plants d as traditional folk medicine in Ovac k (Tunceli). For this purpose, the field works have been done between May 2007-May 2008 in April, May, June and July lasting for 30 days, in total. During this research all the settlement centers (including 33 villages) have been visited, the specimens of the plants d as folk remedies have been collected and the information such as local names, ailments treated or therapeutic effects, plant parts d, method of administration, dosage, duration of treatment have been recorded. The collected plant specimens are kept in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University (MARE). As a result of identification of 76 plant specimens, 67 species d as a traditional folk medicine, have been determined. Among them 65 species are wild and 2 species are cultivated plants. These plants and their local usage in treatment are presented in a table in the text. It was found out that the plants recorded in Ovac k are mostly d for cold, diabetes and wound. KEYWORDS: Folk Medicine, Medicinal Plants, Ovac k, Tunceli, Turkey AFFILIATIONS 1 Marmara Üniversitesi, Farmasötik Botanik Anabilim Dal, stanbul, Türkiye CORRESPONDENCE Ahmet Do an E-mail: adogan@marmara.edu.tr Received: 08.07.2010 Revision: 11.08.2010 Accepted: 03.09.2010 INTRODUCTION Our research area, Ovac k, is a district of Tunceli that is located on the north west of eastern Anatolia. Ovac k is surrounded by Kemah (Erzincan) from the north, Hozat from the south, Pülümür and city of Tunceli from the east, and Kemah (Erzincan) and Çemi gezek from the west. Munzur and Mercan Mountains form the large portion of the boundaries of these districts (Figure 1). Ovac k takes its name from the small plain, approximately 74 km 2, that is located between Munzur and Mercan mountains (Figure 2). The altitude of the center of Ovac k is 1300 m. Ziyaret tepesi (3071 m) is the highest point of the Ovac k district (1). There are several natural lakes in the peaks of Munzur mountains (Figure 3). MATERIAL AND METHODS Data was collected via face to face interviews with local healers, experienced adults, and patients. Data included local names, s/ailments treated, part(s) of plants d, and methods of preparation. The plant specimens are kept in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University (MARE). The Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (2) was mainly d for the identification of the plants. All the specimens were collected by A. Dogan. RESULT AND DISCUSSION As a result of identification of 76 plant specimens, 67 species d as a traditional folk medicine, have been determined. Among them 65 species are wild and 2 species are cultivated plants. While most of these plants are d solitary some of them are d in mixtures. In the folk medicinal plants of Ovac k, eight taxa are endemic to Turkey Allium macrochaetum subsp. tuncelianum (Sivas, Tunceli), Cephalaria speciosa (Erzincan,Van, Tunceli), Convolvulus galaticus (Amasya, Ankara, Bolu, Burdur, Denizli, Elaz, Eski ehir, Gaziantep, Kayseri, Konya, Kütahya, Malatya, Mardin, Ni de, anl urfa, Tunceli, Van, Zonguldak), Iris sari (Amasya, Çank r, Elaz, Erzurum, Gaziantep, Kayseri, Ni de, Sivas, Tunceli) (Figure 4), Hesperis schischkinii (Erzincan, Erzurum, Mu, Tunceli) (Figure 5), Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. chionophilus (Adana, Kahramanmara, Kayseri, Sivas, Tunceli), Origanum acutidens (Bingöl, Erzincan, Erzurum, Gümü hane, Kars, Malatya, Sivas, Tunceli), Tchihatchewia isatidea (Erzincan, Erzurum, Giresun, Sivas, Tunceli) (Figure 6,7) (2). 136

TABLE 1. Folk Medicinal Plants of Ovacık (Tunceli-TURKEY) Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Compositae) MARE 11094 Alcea dissecta (Baker) Zoh. (Malvaceae) MARE 10774 Alcea excubita Iljin (Malvaceae) MARE 11097 Allium macrochaetum Boiss. et Hausskn. subsp. tuncelianum Kollmann (Liliaceae) MARE 10772, 10821 Asphodeline tenuior (Fischer) Ledeb. subsp. tenuiflora (C.Koch) E.Tuzlacı var. tenuiflora (Liliaceae) MARE 10819 Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer (Leguminosae) MARE 10766 Capsella bursa-pastoris () Medik. (Cruciferae) MARE 10828 Cardamine uliginosa Bieb. (Cruciferae) MARE 10833 Celtis tournefortii Lam. (Ulmaceae) MARE 11080 Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss. (Compositae) MARE 10790 Centaurea solstitialis subsp. solstitialis (Compositae) MARE 10762 Cephalaria speciosa Boiss et Kotschy (Dipsacaceae) MARE 11063 Colutea cilicica Boiss. et. Bal. (Leguminosae) MARE 11078 Convolvulus galaticus Rostan ex Choisy (Convolvulaceae) MARE 10777 Dipsacus laciniatus (Dipsaceceae) MARE 11075 Eremurus spectabilis Bieb. (Liliaceae) MARE 10798 Euphorbia falcata subsp. falcata var. falcata (Euphorbiaceae) MARE 10784 Arı çiçeği, Sarı çiçek Govık Amervans Dağ sarmısağı Part(s) d Stomachache Capitula infusion Int. Carminative Capitula infusion Int. Expectorant Flowers and Leaves decoction Int. Joint injury Leaves, wrapped in a cloth Put on Asthma Leaves holding hot water chest Expectorant Flowers and Leaves infusion Int. Cold Flowers infusion Int. Hypotansive Bulbils Eaten Cancer Bulbils Eaten Ringworm Bulbils crushed Yara otu Wound Roots Geven, Keven crushed with Plantago major subsp. major leaves Immunostimulant Young shoots crushed (+honey) Int. Cancer Gum mixed with honey Int. Diabetes Aerial parts decoction Int. Munzur otu Kidney stones Aerial parts infusion Int. Derdoğan Belhok, Sarı diken Belhok, Zerık Diarrhoea Fruits Eaten Immunostimulant Flowers crushed (+honey) Eaten Malaria Aerial parts decoction Int. Cancer Flowering branches decoction Int. Gingival disease Fruits infusion Gargle Sarmaşık Toothache Flowers infusion Gargle Gulık Sütleğen, Yılan otu Cancer Aerial parts decoction Int. Diabetes Roots decoction Int. Fungal infection Leave juice crushed Eczema Leave juice crushed Eczema Latex Fungal infection Latex 137

TABLE 1. (Continued) Euphorbia macroclada Boiss. (Euphorbiaceae) MARE 10761 Ferula orientalis (Umbelliferae) MARE 10808 Ficus carica subsp. rupestris (Hausskn.) Browicz (Moraceae) MARE 11069 Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss. (Papaveraceae) MARE 10775 Sütleğen, Yılan otu Çağşir, Kıngor Yabani incir Gelincik Part(s) d Eczema Latex Fungal infection Latex Immunostimulant Whole Plant decoction Int. Stomachache Infloresens infusion Int. Fungal infection Latex Eczema Latex Wound Latex Put on the ground on wound Stomach ulcer Fruits decoction Int. Headache Leaves (+ tobacco) Diarrhoea Flowers decoction Int., wrapped in a cloth Hedysarum syriacum Boiss. (Leguminosae) MARE 11098 * Helianthus tuberosus (Compositae) MARE 10787 Heliotropium circinatum Griseb. (Boraginaceae) MARE 11091 Hesperis schischkinii Tzvelev (Cruciferae) MARE 10803 Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. chionophilus Wendelbo (Liliaceae) MARE 10793 Inula oculus-christi (Compositae) MARE 11096 Iris caucasica Hoffm. subsp. turcica (Iridaceae) MARE 10820 Iris sari Schott ex Baker (Iridaceae) MARE 10805 Isatis tinctoria subsp. tomentella (Cruciferae) MARE 11070 * Juglans regia (Juglandaceae) MARE 11351 Medicago minima () Bart. var. minima (Leguminosae) MARE 10817 Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis (Labiatae) MARE 10769 Gingival disease Fruits infusion (+ lemon juice) Gargle Yer elması Diabetes Tubers eaten Bostan otu Cancer Flowering branches infusion Int. Wound Roots Aminot, Sümbül Anthemorrhagic Leaves crushed Yol otu mixed with crushed roots of Tchihatchewia isatidea and resin of Pistacia atlantica Kidney stones Flowering branches decoction Int. Urethra infection Flowering branches decoction Int. Sarı nevroz Cold Aerial parts infusion Int. Bahar çiçeği Cold Flowers infusion Int. Ceviz, Güz Wound Flowers crushed (+butter) Arthralgia Leaves Wrapped in a cloth Fungal infection Leaves Wrapped in a cloth Eczema Leaves Wrapped in a cloth Gurnik Cardiac diseases Fruits infusion Int. Kolonya otu, Limon otu, wrapped in a cloth Asthma Aerial parts infusion Int. Disinfectant Leaves crushed in hand 138

TABLE 1. (Continued) Mentha longifolia () Hudson subsp. typhoides var. typhoides (Labiatae) MARE 11095 Origanum acutidens (Hand.-mazz.) Ietswaart (Labiatae) MARE 10779, 10788 Origanum vulgare subsp. gracile (Labiatae) MARE 10780 Paeonia mascula () Miller subsp. arietina (Anders.) Cullen et Heywood (Paeoniaceae) MARE 10799, 10806 Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae) MARE 11077 Plantago major subsp. major (Plantaginaceae) MARE 10823 Polygonum cognatum Meissn. (Polyganaceae) MARE 10774 Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae) MARE 11067 Pyrus syriaca Boiss. var. syriaca (Rosaceae) MARE 10807 Rheum ribes (Polyganaceae) MARE 10807 Rosa canina (Rosaceae) MARE 11366 Rumex acetosella (Polyganaceae) MARE 10760 Rumex patientia (Polyganaceae) MARE 10767 Salvia candidissima Vahl. subsp. candidissima (Labiatae) MARE 11068 Punk Part(s) d Asthma Aerial parts decoction Inhaled Abdominal pain Aerial parts decoction (+honey) Int. Zemul Abdominal pain Flowering branches decoction Int. Dağ kekiği, Kuş zemulu Gulorç, Gülhorç (Ayı gülü) Kizvan, Nervend Epilepsy Leaves infusion Int. Cold Flowering branches infusion Int. Diabetes Aerial parts infusion Int. Diabetes Aerial parts decoction Int. Wound Latex Keratoma Latex Mount disease Immature fruits chewing Int. Yara otu Wound Leaves Harman otu Rheumatism Aerial parts decoction Int. Pırpar, Pirpirim, Semiz otu Adi armut, Şekok Işkın, Rives Kuşburnu, Şilan Tırşok (Ekşi ot) Ekşi ot Urethra infection Aerial parts decoction Int. Inflamed wound Aerial parts crushed Put on wound Put on wound Expectorant Fruits infusion Int. Stomachache Fruits Eaten Hemorrhoids Roots (without bark) heating Int. (rectal) Diabetes Stem (without bark) Eaten Stomachache Stem (without bark) Eaten Cold Fruits infusion Int. Asthma Fruits infusion Int. Immunostimulant Fruits decoction Int. Diabetes Stem juice chewing Int. Stomachic Aerial parts Eaten Asthma Fruits infusion Int. Hemorrhoids Fruits decoction Int. Kidney disease Fruits decoction Int. Galabor Cold Leaves infusion Int. 139

TABLE 1. (Continued) Salvia sclarea (Labiatae) MARE 10778 Salvia verticillata subsp. amasiaca (Labiatae) MARE 11083 Sambucus nigra Miller (Caprifoliaceae) MARE 11365 Satureja hortensis (Labiatae) MARE 10773, 10782 Scorzonera tomentosa (Compositae) MARE 10804 Senecio vernalis Waldst. et. Kit. (Compositae) MARE 10825 Solanum dulcamara (Solanaceae) MARE 10807 Tchihatchewia isatidea Boiss. (Cruciferae) MARE 10791 Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. sinuatum (Labiatae) MARE 11076 Teucrium parviflorum Schreber (Labiatae) MARE 11079 Teucrium polium (Labiatae) MARE 10781, 11065 Thymus migricus Klokov et Shost. (Labiatae) MARE 11087 Tragopogon longirostis Bisch. var. longirostris (Compositae) MARE 11343 Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) MARE 10786 Valeriana officinalis (Valerianaceae) MARE 10814, 10831 Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. var. cherianthifolium (Scrophulariaceae) MARE 11086 Dağ çayı Patpatik respiratory system diseases Cold Part(s) d Flowering branches infusion Int. Leaves infusion (+ lemon juice) Naa Leaves decoction Int. Asthma Flowers infusion Int. Asthma Flowers decoction Inhaled Anıh, Dağ kekiği Immunostimulant Flowering branches Added into the food Int. Arvent, Yara sakızı Acı ot Wound Latex mixed with butter and wax Gas pain Flowering branches infusion Int. Int. Burns Aerial parts Expectorant Aerial parts decoction Int. Wound Roots mixed with crushed roots of Hesperis schischkinii and resin of Pistacia atlantica Dağ kekiği Heart diseases Aerial parts decoction Int. Dağ kekiği Hemorrhoids Aerial parts decoction Int. Dağ kekiği Dağ kekiği Cold Aerial parts decoction Int. Stomachache Aerial parts decoction (+honey) Int. Kidney stones Leaves decoction Int. Cold Leaves decoction Int. Sipling, Yemlik Wound Latex Isırgan, Gezik Kidney stones Leaves decoction Int. Joint pains Leaves decoction Int. Rheumatism Leaves decoction Int. Joint pains Aerial parts Kidney stones Aerial parts decoction Int. Kidney disease Aerial parts decoction Int. Arthralgia Flowering branches crushed (+ wheat flour) 140

TABLE 1. (Continued) Vincetoxicum canescens (Willd.) Decne. subsp. canescens (Asclepiadaceae) MARE 10770 Viscum album subsp. album (Loranthaceae) MARE 10776 Xeranthemum annuum (Compositae) MARE 11073 Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. (Labiatae) MARE 10763 Part(s) d Zehir otu Fungal infection Fruits and Leaves crushed Ökse otu Avlek, Süpürge otu Dağ kekiği Hemorrhoids Leaves decoction Int. Diabetes Leaves decoction Int. Toothache Leaves mixed with tobacco Smoke Cold Aerial parts decoction Int. Bromatotoxism Aerial parts decoction Int. Immunostimulant Infloresens Added into the food Int. TABLO 2. The comparison of the same folk medicinal plants in Ovacık (Tunceli), Kürecik (Malatya) and Ilıca (Erzurum) ( : plants not recorded) Achillea biebersteinii Euphorbia macroclada Ficus carica subsp. rupestris Mentha longifolia Botanical name subsp. typhoides var. typhoides Plantago major subsp. major Usage Ovacık (Tunceli) Kürecik (Malatya) Ilıca (Erzurum) Stomachache, Carminative Eczema, Fungal infection Fungal infection, Eczema, Wound, Stomach ulcer Asthma, Abdominal pain Abdominal pain, Menstrual pain, Infertility Bitten by scorpions and bees, Chap (Hand) Stomachache, Wound Wound Intestinal disorders, Carminative Wound Wound Wound Polygonum cognatum Rheumatism Rheum ribes Hemorrhoids, Diabetes, Stomachache Kidney stones, Gynecological diseases Hemorrhoids, Diabetes Scorzonera tomentosa Wound Wound Teucrium chamaedrys Heart diseases Teucrium polium Urtica dioca Viscum album subsp. album Ziziphora clinopodioides Cold, Stomachache Kidney Stones, Joint pains, Rheumatism Hemorrhoids, Diabetes, Cold, Bromatotoxism, Immunostimulant Abdominal pain, Cold Rheumatism Hemorrhoids, Kidney and gallbladder stones Rheumatism Headache Cold 141

Decoction and infusion are the methods mostly d for the preparation of the folk medicine. Findings about the of the plants are presented in Table 1. The plants are arranged in an alphabetical order according to their latin names. The cultivated plants are marked with asterisk. FIGURE 1. Map of Tunceli According to the comparison (Table 2) with the other local ethnobotanical studies (3,4) in the eastern Anatolia, there are only three plants (Achillea biebersteinii, Plantago major subsp. major, Urtica dioica) which are using with the same purposes in Ovacık (Tunceli), Kürecik (Malatya) and Ilıca (Erzurum). These plants and their similar usages are also recorded in the other places in Turkey: Achillea biebersteinii (Isparta), Plantago major subsp. major (Giresun, Trabzon), Urtica dioica (Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Giresun, Isparta, İstanbul, Muğla, Trabzon) (5). In addition, in thirteen plants of the Table 2, there are also some similar usages in two localities. FIGURE 2. Ovacık and Munzur Mountains (Photo A.Doğan) Türkiye nin halk ilacı bitkileri, IX: Ovacık (Tunceli) ÖZET: Bu çalışmanın amacı Ovacık (Tunceli) yöresinde geleneksel halk ilacı olarak kullanılan bitkileri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaçla, Mayıs 2007- Mayıs 2008 tarihleri arasında Nisan, Mayıs, Haziran, Temmuz ayları içinde toplam 30 gün süren bir arazi çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma esnasında yöredeki 33 köyün hepsine gidilerek halk ilacı olarak kullanılan bitkilerden örnekler toplanmıştır. Bu bitkilerin yöresel adları, tedavideki kullanışları, yararlanılan kısımları, ilaçların hazırlanışı, uygulanış şekilleri, dozları, uygulama süreleri hakkında bilgiler derlenmiştir. Toplanan bu örnekler Marmara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Herbaryumu nda (MARE) bulunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak yörede toplanan 76 bitki örneğinin teşhisi sonucu 67 türden geleneksel halk ilacı olarak yararlanıldığı saptanmıştır. Bunlardan 65 i yabani, 2 si ise yörede yetiştirilen bitkilerdir. Bu bitkiler ve bunların tedavideki kullanışları metin içinde tablo şeklinde sunulmuştur. Ovacık yöresinde kaydedilen bitkilerden en çok soğuk algınlığı, şeker hastalığı ve yara tedavisinde yararlanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Halk İlaçları, Tıbbi Bitkiler, Ovacık, Tunceli, Türkiye 142

Tuzlacı and Doğan et al. Marmara Pharm J 14: 136-143, 2010. FIGURE 3. Munzur Mountains and Eremurus Spectabilis Population (Photo A.Doğan) FIGURE 4. Iris sari (Photo A.Doğan) FIGURE 6. Tchihatchewia isatidea-1 (Photo A.Doğan) FIGURE 5. Hesperis schischkinii (Photo A.Doğan) REFERENCES 1. http://www.tunceliovacik.gov.tr/, (Access date: 06 June 2008). 2. Davis PH., Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, 1-10. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1965-1988. 3. Yeşil Y., Kürecik (Akçadağ / Malatya) Bucağında Etnobotanik Bir Araştırma. İ.Ü. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, (Danışman: Doç. Dr. E. Akalın), 2007. 4. Özgen U., Coşkun M. Ilıca (Erzurum) ilçesine bağlı köylerde halk ilacı olarak kullanılan bitkiler. Eds.: Gürkan E., Tuzlacı. E., XIII. Bitkisel İlaç Hammaddeleri Toplantısı (İstanbul, 20-22Eylül 2000), Bildiri Kitabı: 135144, 2001. 5. Tuzlacı E., Şifa Niyetine Türkiye nin Bitkisel Halk İlaçları, Alfa Yayınları, 2006. FIGURE 7. Tchihatchewia isatidea-2 (Photo A.Doğan) 143