Analysis of Energy Evaluation on Lighting Programs

Transkript

1 Proceedings of the XVIII IAHS World Congress April 16-19, 2012, Istanbul, Turkey Analysis of Evaluation on Lighting Programs Res. Assist. Arzu CİLASUN Department of Architecture Yaşar University, İzmir, Turkey Keywords: energy evaluation, lighting, DIALux,, ecocalc Abstract The share of electrical energy consumption for lighting in buildings is about 40% within the total consumption[1]. This makes evaluation of energy consumption due to lighting to play a vital role in sustainability. Lighting designers and architects are in charge of evaluating energy consumptions. Therefore use of lighting programs to evaluate energy consumption both eases the work and assures reliable results. There are different programs to evaluate energy consumption of lighting in buildings, this contribution focuses on three of them; DIALux, and ecocalc. DIALux and are commonly used for lighting calculation of both daylight and artificial lighting. These two programs can also evaluate energy consumption of lighting solutions. For evaluation, user has to choose either EN or DIN standards. ecocalc is not a lighting calculation program like DIALux and. The program evaluates different lighting designs by using many aspects such as maintenance, green criteria, costs etc. ecocalc ranks different possible lighting solutions according to user expectations by making detailed evaluations. The goal of this paper is to identify and accelerate the widespread use of appropriate energy evaluation programs and their integration with building systems, making them the preferred choice of lighting designers and users. In this contribution, different lighting solutions will be evaluated by each of these programs and the results will be compared. Eventually, the variation of results and striking features of the programs will be analyzed.

2 Arzu Cilasun 1 Introduction Lighting is a large and rapidly growing source of energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time the savings potential of lighting energy is high, even with the current technology, and there are new energy efficient lighting technologies coming onto the market. Currently, more than 33 billion lamps operate worldwide, consuming more than 2650 TWh of energy annually, which is 19% of the global electricity consumption [1]. The amount of electricity used for lighting in buildings differs according to the type of buildings. In some buildings, lighting is the largest single category of electricity consumption; office buildings, on the average, use the largest share of their total electricity consumption in lighting [2]. Since lighting energy consumption of offices are in significant amounts, lighting designers have to be more careful and responsible while deciding on the luminaire, lamp and control systems. As the practices of architecture and lighting design have become increasingly computerized, the potential application of energy evaluation prediction software has also grown. Lighting evaluation software programs are powerful tools that can solve a variety of problems. They can evaluate energy consumptions easier, faster, and more accurately; handle repetitive layouts; keep track of fixture counts; determine potential savings. Among many of lighting programs, DIALux, and ecocalc are commonly used lighting programs in Turkey. In this contribution, on a sample office room, different lighting solutions will be evaluated by each of these programs and the results will be compared. 2 The Properties of DIALux DIALux 4.9 is a free of charge software program which is served by DIAL Gmbh. DIALux is one of the most commonly used lighting calculation programs which can also evaluate energy consumption as well. evaluation can be accomplished by using the energy evaluation module within the program. To prepare a lighting project in DIALux, user has to determine location, alignment and openings in the room. The data required for energy evaluation is automatically transferred by the program from the information entered for the project. Properties of the room and the project (geometry, obstruction, location and north alignment) are automatically identified and analyzed for energy evaluation by DIALux. The same holds for windows and roof lights too. In particular daylit and non-daylit assessment zones are determined automatically by the program. The specific connected load does not pose a problem for the user as well; since it is taken directly from the planned luminaries in the room [3](See Figure 1). The energy evaluation can be done using either EN15193 or DIN18599 so the user has to choose one of them.

3 XVIII IAHS World Congress April 16-19, 2012, Istanbul, Turkey 3 The Properties of Figure 1: DIALux energy evaluation interface [4] is the energy evaluation program within Suite package. is a free-of-charge module for calculating the energy consumption of interior lighting. It is based on energy standards, such as EN and DIN Pro data files can be imported into the program. Once the files have been imported, the user adds the extra details related with the consumption and the information required by the standards.(see figure 2). Changes which are made in Pro data files will automatically be transferred to the project unless user does not move or delete these reference data files [5].

4 Arzu Cilasun 4 The Properties of ecocalc Figure 2: evaluation interface [4] ecocalc is a free of charge software program developed by Zumtobel lighting. ecocalc gives users the unique opportunity to calculate all the costs incurred by a lighting solution throughout its service life. In the process, ecocalc not only calculates the investment cost but also takes the financial aspects of an environmentally sound lighting system into account. These include, among others: CO 2 emission, energy consumption, maintenance costs or waste disposal [6]. ecocalc is not a lighting calculation software, it compares and ranks different lighting solutions among themselves(see Figure 3). The ranking is done according to the criteria and their rates which are chosen by the user. evaluation of ecocalc is partly based on EN15193 standard. Daylight related inputs and values are not involved in ecocalc, therefore only artificial lighting solutions can be evaluated.

5 XVIII IAHS World Congress April 16-19, 2012, Istanbul, Turkey Figure 3: ecocalc interface [4] 5 Comparison of Consumptions of Different Lighting Solutions for A Sample Office One of the purposes of this paper is to study and compare energy consumptions of different lighting solutions. As a result three different lighting solutions are built on a sample office room for 6 people (length: 11.8, width: 6.7, height: 3m). Each solution is suitable for office lighting and they all have different kinds of lamps. Fluorescent lamps were used on 1st solution, LED lamps on 3rd solution and a combination of these two lamps named as hybrid on the 2nd solution. Using different lamp types resulted with different luminous flux and outputs, therefore luminaire quantity differs. The attributes of each solution and luminaire properties can be seen on Table 1-2 in detail. Table 1: Properties of luminaires and solutions SOLUTION PROPERTIES Light Source Type Manufacturer/ Code Number of Luminaire Light output ratio Power per luminaire Luminous intensity Luminaire intensity diagram Solution A 2 28 W T16 fluorescent Zumtobel W 5200lm Solution B 2 28 W T16 Fluorescent +48W/65LED Zumtobel W 8900lm Solution C 70 W LED Siteco 5LM380D1SL W 5285 lm

6 Arzu Cilasun Table 2: Selected values and information of sample room COMMON VALUES FOR SAMPLE ROOM Standard EN City İstanbul Geographical Position (longitude/latitude) 29/41 Alignment South Dimensions of the room 6,70 x x 3.00 m Room Height of working plane 0,80 m The distance between walls and working plane 0,50 m Room reflectances 70/50/20 Dimensions of the window 9 m x 1,25 m Degree of transmission 0,8 Room index 2,5 Function/description of the room Office (for 6 people) Operating Operating Hours (day) 2150 Factors Operating Hours (night) 190 Maintenance factor 0,84 Light loss factor 0,80 m Maintenance Luminaire maintenance type D-IP 2X Room Maintenance interval 2 years Luminaire maintenance interval 2 years Constant illuminance factor 0,9 Maintained illuminance 500 lux Control Occupancy dependency factor 0,95 Absence Factor 0,3 Control type Automatic switching on / dimming Two conditions are analyzed in order to see the contributions of control systems to energy savings 1. Artificial Lighting with no control systems 2. Artificial Lighting with using control systems 6 Evaluation Results DIALux 4.9, and ecocalc were used to evaluate energy consumptions of different conditions of the three solutions. Since ecocalc is not capable of evaluating daylight, only artificial lighting cases were evaluated using EN standard. Comparisons of annual energy consumption, area of the room and LENI (lighting energy numeric indicator) values of the three artificial lighting solutions with no control systems can be seen on Table 3. In addition to those, more detailed evaluation values taken from ecocalc can be seen on Table 4.

7 XVIII IAHS World Congress April 16-19, 2012, Istanbul, Turkey WITHOUT CONTROL SYSTEMS Consumption Table 3: evaluation values Solution A (fluorescent) Solution B (hybrid) Solution C (LED) DIALux ecocalc DIALux ecocalc DIALux ecocalc 1779,5 1779, , , , , , , ,12 Area (m 2 ) 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 LENI (kwh/m 2 a) WITH CONTROL SYSTEMS Consumption 22,51 22,50 22,51 33,17 33,20 33,13 25,35 25,30 25,35 Solution A (fluorescent) Solution B (hybrid) Solution C (LED) DIALux ecocalc DIALux ecocalc DIALux ecocalc 1370, , , , , , , ,20 Area (m 2 ) 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 79,06 LENI (kwh/m 2 a) 17,33 17,30 17,46 25,47 25,50 25,35 19,51 19,50 19,51 Table 4: evaluation values of ecocalc evaluation values of ecocalc Criteria Solution A Solution B Solution C Solution total costs over lifetime (EUR) , , ,74 Investment costs vs running cost of solution 3217: : : Ratio investment costs vs running cost 1:99 2:98 2:98 Numerical ratio investment vs. running costs of solution 1:134,6 1:44,5 1:59,6 Average energy consumption per m 2 and year (LENI) 22,51 33,13 25,35 Total energy consumption over lifetime (kwh) 35589, , ,4 Total investment cost (EUR) Total running cost over lifetime (EUR) , , ,8 Total CO2 emission over lifetime 34877, , ,75 Total maintenance cost over lifetime (EUR) 6242, , ,11 7 Conclusion In this paper, basic principles and features of DIALux, and ecocalc are introduced over a sample office room. In order to compare the evaluation results of different programs, three different lighting solutions, each having a different kind of lamping, were used. To see the contribution of control systems, each solution was tested for both with/without control system. As a result of the evaluations, these conclusions were reached:

8 Arzu Cilasun When LENI values (which indicates the energy consumption per m 2 ) of the lighting solutions with and without control system are compared, the ones with controlled systems are %30 smaller than the ones without controlled system. This fact clearly shows that, using a control system provides significant energy savings. All three programs use EN standard for the energy evaluations. When the results are compared, the differences between the values are less than %1. These approximate values supply ample proof for reliability of the programs to the standard and its equations. As a consequence of these evaluations, it s understood that the methods, inputs and outputs of DIALux and are very similar to each other. Although ordering and heading of the inputs/outputs vary depending on the program, both programs can evaluate artificial and daylight conditions according to either DIN or EN ecocalc is not capable of daylight evaluation, however it can evaluate artificial lighting for cost, maintenance, green criteria etc. in detail. Also it can evaluate and rank different lighting solutions according to the criteria chosen by the user at one and the same time. Both the LENI values and detailed ecocalc evalution show that Solution A (fluorescent lighting) is the most economic solution among all with its long service life, low maintenance and investment cost. As a result, striking feature of DIALux and is they can evaluate energy consumption concurrently and compatible with lighting design and this function eases the work of the lighting designer, while ecocalc is capable of examining and ranking different lighting solutions in detail. Choosing the most relevant program according to the need can ease the work of the designer and that s why it s important to learn the features of different lighting programs. References [1] Stern, N. The Economics of Climate Change, HM Treasury, s.l. (2006). [2] EC, (2007). Performance on Buildings Directive 2002/91 EC. s.l. : European Comission. [3] DIALux. (2011). DIAL. DIALux website: [4] Cilasun, A., Öztürk, L.D., Aydınlatmada Enerji Değerlendirmesi Yapan Programların İncelenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi, YTU FBE Yapı Fiziği ABD (2011). [5] RELUX, (2009). Fit for Suite. Suite. s.l. [6] ecocalc, (2010). Balancing lighting quality, efficiency and costs, Zumtobel Lighting, 2010.