Yrd. Doç. Dr. Saygın ABDİKAN Öğretim Yılı Güz Dönemi

Transkript

1 Yabancı Dil III (YDL285) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Saygın ABDİKAN Öğretim Yılı Güz Dönemi 1

2 İletişim bilgileri Öğrenci Görüşme Saatleri: Çarşamba 10:00 12:00 2

3 Dersin Kaynakları 1. B.F. Kavanagh, "Geomatics" Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Columbus, Ohio, ISBN: X. 2. Pamela Edis, "Teknik İngilizce" İTÜ Vakfı yayınları No John Wahr, Geodesy and Gravity, Samizdat Press, Markner-Jager, Technical English for Geosciences, Germany, ISBN: , Herbert A.J. The structure of Technical English, London, ISBN: , Longman. 6. Ghilani C.D., Wolf P.R. Elemantary Surveying, An Introduction to Geomatics, ISBN-13: , Prentice Hall. 7. W.F. Chen and J.Y.Richard Liew, The Civil Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, CRC Press, 2002, Print ISBN:

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5 Dersin Başarı Kriterleri Derse Devam: %70 Başarı Notu: Yıliçi Başarı Notu %40 + Final Sınavı Notu %60 5

6 Dersin İçeriği Giriş, dersin kapsamı, kavramlar, genel tanımlar, kaynaklar Teknik İngilizce'de sık karşılaşılan yapılar Passive voice yapılar Relative clause yapılar ve çeşitleri Teknik İngilizce'de ifade biçimleri: shapes, physical descriptions, matters Introduction to Geomatics Teknik İng: Engineering materials Distance measurements 6

7 Teknik İng: Expressing Engineering Experiments Levelling Teknik İng: Acids, bases and molecules Angles and directions Teknik İng: Force and Friction Transits and theodolites 7

8 İngilizce okuma, okuduğu bilgiyi anlama, değerlendirme, yorumlama ve yazma becerilerini geliştirme İngilizce teknik terim ve kelime bilgisini geliştirme Öğrencilerin bölümlerine ait belirli bir konu hakkındaki bilgisini genişletme 8

9 Genel yapılar Articles Infinitive & Gerunds Modal verbs Phrasal verbs Prepositions Conjuctions Active & Passive Relative clauses 9

10 Articles Indefinite a, an İsimlerden önce gelir Bütün benzerleri içinden herhangi bir tanesini belirtmede kullanılır. Sadece isimlerden önce gelir, isimler tekil olmalıdır! Fiillerin önüne gelmez Sayılamayan isimlerin önüne "a" veya "an" gelmez. 10

11 an is used before: a, e (but not eu) i, and o. u when the sound is like the u in understanding, unpredictable letters in acronyms which begin with a vowel sound before hour (and herb, heir, honest, honor) It is not used before other words that begin with H, unless the H appears in an acronym. 11

12 Sony laptop Apple laptop university, USB understanding European project EU project hierarchy hour Hewlett Packard computer HP computer 12

13 Use one instead of a / an when it is important to specify the number. We need manual not two manuals. This parameter has unique value. way to do this good way to do this. 13

14 Definite the Tek olan şeyler için The sun is shining today. She is the best player. I am going to the post office. The sky, the moon, the world.. Daha önce bahsedilen nesne için Take a book from the library. Now give the book to me. The teacher whom we saw in the supermarket yesterday is my English teacher. 14

15 Coğrafi isimler the Himalayas (dağlar) the Nile (nehirler) the Black Sea (denizler) the Atlantic Ocean (okyanuslar) the Bahamas (adalar) 15

16 Belirli bir insan grubunı anlatmada The rich people.. The winners.. Bir gurup, topluluk ya da sınıfı temsil etmek kaydıyla tekil isimlerden önce the kullanılır. Engineers find the smart phone very useful. Sıfatlardan önce gelerek bir sınıfı temsil eder The children are the future of a country. 16

17 Resmi ünvanlardan önce The Prime Minister The President Tarihi olaylar The French Revolution is a very important date in the world history. The Conquest of Istanbul started a new era. 17

18 Şehir isimlerinden, insan isimlerinden ve soyut isimlerden önce kullanılmaz The Berlin The John Love is forever but life is short The love between my father and mother is very special. The death of his friend made him sad. 18

19 Genelleme yapıldığı zaman çoğul isimlerden ve sayılamayan isimlerden önce the kullanılmaz. Students must study hard. Women are intelligent than men. Money is important for living. 19

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22 Before a singular countable noun you must put an article ( a / an or the). As a rule, the system works best if.. You cannot use a / an or one before an uncountable noun. An uncountable noun cannot be made plural use a singular verb and do not put an s at the end. You cannot say: all the / three / several / many / informations an / another / one / each / every information an English / one English / three Englishes But you can say: a lot of information, some information, not much information 22

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24 Infinitive-Gerunds Gerunds and infinitives are verb forms that can take the place of a noun in a sentence. Aynı cümle içinde iki fiil kullanılmak istendiğinde Gerund yada Infinitive ele alınır Ana fiilden sonra to infinitive Bazı fiilleri ana fiilden sonra -ing gerund 24

25 Both gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun as the object of a verb. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence. 'to' + infinitive: After certain verbs - We decided to leave After many adjectives - It's difficult to get up early To show purpose - I came to London to study English the infinitive without 'to' After modal verbs - I can meet you at six o'clock After 'let', 'make' and (sometimes) 'help' - The teacher let us leave early After some verbs of perception (see, watch, hear, notice, feel, sense) - I watched her walk away After expressions with 'why' - why go out the night before an exam? 25

26 Noun clause Victoria forced her daughter to do her homework. Amaç belirtmek için: He went outside to buy a hamburger. 26

27 verb + ing After certain verbs - I enjoy singing I like eating chicken soup. After prepositions - I drank a cup of coffee before leaving As the subject or object of a sentence - Swimming is good exercise. Cycling is good for your health. Özne olarak gerund ve infinitive: Bir fiili özne yapmak istediğimizde, fiilin gerund veya infitinive halini özne olarak kullanabiliyoruz. Fakat gerund hali ile özne yapmak daha yaygındır. To have a computer is not a hard thing nowadays. Having a computer is not a hard thing nowadays. 27

28 Infinitive I'd prefer to stay here. The students would like/love to eat outside. Gerunds 28

29 Prepositions followed by Gerund Words followed either by Infinitive or Ing-Form: Words with the same meaning I hate to swim. / I hate swimming. 29

30 Both Gerund & Infinitive - Meaning Change Go on to read. (start something new) Go on reading. (continue with the same action ) I stopped to smoke. (interrupt another action) I stopped smoking. (terminate) Try, regret, forget, remember 30

31 Modal verbs (auxiliary verbs) can may will shall must ought to could might would should have to be able to 1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular. He cans swim. 2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?'). 3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to'). 31

32 Subject + modal verb + main verb Subject auxiliary would not main verb base + I would like coffee. - She would not go.? Would we help? the main verb have + past participle (She would have gone) (They should have invited her to their wedding) be + -ing (She would be leaving) She should to go He to must/musting study 32

33 Question Negative She can work. He would be working. They should have worked. I could have been working. 33

34 1. My son be home by now. Where can he be? a. Have to b. would c. should d. could 2. I think your thumb is broken. You go to the emergency room. a. Might b. could c. ought to d. can 3. If you are interested in losing weight, you try this new diet. a. Could b. mustn t c. don t have to d. had to 4. John s fallen down the stairs! I call an ambulance! a. Will b. might c. may d. ought to 5. You come too early. We won t leave until 9 o clock. a. Has to b. must c. needn t d. can t 34

35 6. Children be accompanied by an adult at the zoo. a. Ought to b. must c. would d. mustn t 7. You talk during tests. It s forbidden! a. don t have to b. mustn t c. couldn t d. ought to 8. I can feel the heat. We be near the fire. a. Can b. would c. must d. have to 9. They hear him because he was whispering. a. Wouldn t b. mustn t c. shouldn t d. couldn t 10. You ve never heard of Britney Spears? You be serious! a. Must b. had to c. can t d. shouldn t 35

36 Prepositions edatlar (ilgecler) They are used with time words: at times: at 8pm, at midnight, at 6:30 holiday periods: at Christmas, at Easter at night at the weekend at lunchtime, at dinnertime, at breakfast time on days: on Monday, on my birthday, on Christmas Day days + morning / afternoon / evening / night: on Tuesday morning dates: on the 20th of June 36

37 in no prep years: in 1992, in 2006 months: in December, in June decades: in the sixties, in the 1790s centuries: in the 19th century seasons: in winter, in summer in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening next week, year, month etc last night, year etc this morning, month etc every day, night, years etc today, tomorrow, yesterday 37

38 If something is contained inside a box or a wide flat area, we use in : in the newspaper in a cup in a bottle in bed in London in a book in a field in my stomach in a house in a drawer in a bag in a car in England in a pub in the sea in a river 38

39 If something is on a line or a horizontal or vertical surface, we use on : on the table on the floor on my face on the page on a chair on the river on the ceiling on the wall on the window on a plate on the sofa on a bag on a t-shirt on a bottle on a bike on his foot 39

40 If something is at a point, (it could be a building) we use at : at the airport at the table at the cinema at the bottom at the traffic lights at the back at university at the door at the bus stop at the top at the pub at the front at school at the window at the hospital at the piano 40

41 Yön: This land is below sea level. Helen is sitting between Jack and Tom. This road leads towards the sea. Amaç/Neden: She died of a heart attack. More people are using public transportation due to the fuel shortages. Zaman: I work from nine until five every day. I think I will go to İzmir during the winter. 41

42 At, on, in, from, by, with, for, Where do you come from? My cousin lives in Norway. They are walking onthe bridge. I don't like flying, so I went to Paris You can stay with me tonight. My birthday is on 29th February. I'll see you at Christmas. Put the books on the table, please. I haven't seen you for ages. I like this house by the river. by bus. 42

43 Gelecek hafta Conjunctions (Bağlaçlar) Passive voice 43