Geçmi" zamanda olumlu cümlede fiillerin 2. hâli (ed) takısı almı" hâli kulanılır.

Transkript

1 ! ÜN TE II SIMPLE PAST TENSE KONULAR Lesson One Simple Past Tense Lesson Two I was studying at 7 Lesson Three She was working while they were dancing. Le Summary TEST II 23

2 !NG!L!ZCE 8 BU ÜN!TEDE NELER Ö"RENECE"!Z? Bu bölümde; * Simple Past Tense Di-li Geçmi" Zaman kullanımı * Past Continuous Tense Kullanımı * Simple Past ile Past Continuous Tense when, while ile ba!lanması BU ÜN!TEY! NASIL ÇALIfiMALISINIZ? * Bu kitap uzaktan ö!renim ko"ulları göz önüne alınarak hazırlanmı"tır. Yabancı dil ö!renirken düzenli ve planlı çalı"mak ö!renmenin gerçekle"mesi için temel ko"uldur. #ngilizce ders notu dokuz üniteden olu"makta ve her ünite kendi içinde bölümlere ayrılmı"tır. Özellikle her üniteden önce verilen Bu Ünitede Neler Ö!renece!iz ba"lı!ındaki konu ba"lıklarını mutlaka ö!renmeliyiz. Yapılan açıklamaları, dilbilgisi yapı ve "ekilleri günü gününe çalı"malıyız. Alı"tırmaları yapıp do!ru yanıtlarıyla kar"ıla"tırmalıyız. Verilen diyalogları okumalıyız Ünite sonunda yer alan özet, sözcük listesi ve kavramlar o derste kullanılan kelimeleri içermektedir. Ünite sonunda verilen testler mutlaka çözülmelidir. 24

3 UNIT TWO Lesson One Simple Past Tense (Di-li geçmi# zaman) (PAST TENSE) yardımcı fiili ( Did) F!!LLER Kurallı Fiiller Kuralsız Fiiller Kurallı fiiller: Fiil 1. hâli 2. hâli (Ed) takısı 3. hâli (Ed) takısı #stemek want wanted wanted #zlemek watch watched watched Sevmek like liked liked Varmak arrive arrived arrived Oynamak play played played Geçmi" zamanda olumlu cümlede fiillerin 2. hâli (ed) takısı almı" hâli kulanılır. Düzenli fiilleri 2. hale koymak için d, ed veya ied gelmektedir. Fiillerin ço!una -ed eklenir. open start want opened started wanted Sonu e harfi ile biten fiillere sadece d eklenir. like live arrive liked lived arrived Sonu tek bir sessiz harfle biten ve tek sesli harfi bulunan fiillerde sonda bulunan sessiz harf çift olur. rob beg ship fit robbed begged spipped fitted Sonu y harfi ile biten ve y den önce sessiz harf bulunan fiillerde y dü"er ve bu tip fiillere ied eklenir. try cry marry tried cried married 25

4 Kuralsız fiiller : Fiil 1. hâli 2. hâli 3. hâli Gitmek go went gone Görmek see saw seen #çmek drink drank drunk Satmak sell sold sold Satın almak buy bought bought Ayrılmak leave left left Yemek yemek eat ate eaten Sahip olmak have/has had had Geçmi" zaman olumlu cümlelerde kurallı veya kuralsız fiillerin 2. hâlleri kulanılır. Ago : önce Last : geçen Yesterday : dün I watched TV. Last night. Ben geçen gece televizyon izledim. He watched TV. Yesterday. O dün televizyon izledi. I listened to the readio two hours ago. #ki saat önce radyo dinledim. I visited My. Mother yesterday. Dün annemi ziyaret ettim. ( kuralsız fiille ) ÖZNE F##L#N 2. HAL# NESNE ZAMAN ZARFI Örnek : I went to #zmir / yesterday. Dün #zmir e gittim. / last year. Geçen yıl #zmir e gittim. / two days ago. #ki gün önce #zmir e gittim. Örnek : I saw Ali last week. Ali yi geçen hafta gördüm. 26

5 !NG!L!ZCE 8 Olumsuz cümle : ( fiilin 1. hâli kullanılır. Ve did-not veya didn t) ÖZNE DiD NOT F##L#N 1. HAL# NESNE ZAMAN ZARFI DiDN T Örnek : I did not watch TV. Last night. Geçen gece TV. #zlemedim. I didn t g oto #zmir yesterday. Dün #zmir e gitmedim. I didn t see Ali last week. Geçen hafta Ali yi görmedim. I didn t visit my. Mother yesterday. Dün annemi ziyaret etmedim. Soru cümlesi : ( fiilin 1. hali) Did Özne Fiilin 1. hali Nesne Zaman zarfı? Örnek : Did you play tennis yesterday? Dün tenis oynadın mı? Cevap : Yes, I did Evet, oynadım. Yes, I played tennis yesterday. Evet, dün tenis oynadım. No, I didn t Hayır, oynamadım. No, I didn t play tennis yesterday. Hayır, dün tenis oynamadım. Did ile sorulan sorularda özneden( "ahıs zamirlerinden) sonra F##L gelir. Karı#ık cümleler I bought my car last year. Arabamı geçen yıl aldım. They came to Ankara five years ago. Onlar Ankara ya be" yıl önce geldiler. She slept until her friends came. Arkada"ları gelinceye kadar uyudu. 27

6 The game started at ten o clock. Oyun saat onda ba"ladı. My grandfather worked here for five years. Dedem burada be" yıl çalı"tı. How long did the journey take? Yolculuk ne kadar zaman aldı? What did you do before you went to bed? Yatmadan önce ne yaptın? Did she eat two sandwiches yesterday? O iki sandviç yedi mi? The man didn t wash his car. Adam arabasını yıkamadı. The man washed his car. Adam arabasını yıkadı. We posted the letters. Mektupları postaladık. She ate two sandwiches. O iki sandviç yedi. What did you do last night? Dün gece ne yaptın? Madde.3- Am-Is-Are yardımcı fiillerinin geçmi" hâli I = am He = is Geçmi" hâli WAS She = is it = is 28 You = are We = are Geçmi" hâli WERE They = are Cümlede (WAS- WERE ) den sonra F##L gelmez. Olumlu cümle : I was at home last night. Geçen gece evde de!ildim.

7 You were in #zmir yesterday. Sen dün #zmir de idin. Olumsuz cümle : I was not( wasn t) at home last night. Geçen gece evde de!ildim. You weren t in #zmir yesterday. Sen dün #zmir de de!ildin. Soru cümlesi : Were you in #zmir yesterday? Sen dün #zmir de miydin? Yes, I was. Evet, ordaydım. No, I wasn t. Hayır, de!ildim. Soru da WERE YOU- varsa cevapta da I WAS/WASN T vardır. Tam tersi olabilir. Were you here yesterday? Sen dün burada mıydın? Yes, I was here yesterday. Evet, dün oradaydım. No, I wasn t here yesterday. Hayır, orada de!ildim. Was Ali at home yesterday? Dün Ali evde miydi? Yes, he was. Evet, evdeydi. No, he wasn t. Hayır, evde de!ildi. Where were you last night? Geçen gece neredeydin? I was at home last night. Geçen gece evdeydim. 29

8 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1881 in Selanik. He was the founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey His mother s name was Zübeyde Hanım. His father s name was Ali Rıza. He went to the school of Semsi Efendi in Selanik. He entered the Military Secondary School In 1895 in Selanik. after finishing the Military Secondary School, Mustafa Kemal entered the Military High School (Askeri Idadisi). He entered the infantry class of the Military Academy (Harbiye Harp Okulu) on the 13th of March After graduating the Military Academy, Mustafa Kemal went on to the General Staff College in He was graduated from the Academy with the rank of captain on the 11th of January, At the end of the Balkan War, Mustafa Kemal was appointed military attaché in Sofia. When Mustafa Kemal was in Sofia, the First World War broke out. He was appointed to the Commander of the Anafartalar Group in In the First World War he was in command of the Turkish forces at Anafartalar. Allied forces landed at the Dardanelles (Canakkale Strait) and he defended the counry at Gallipoli. He arrived in Samsun on Monday 19th May He established congresses in Amasya, Erzurum and Sivas to save the country from the enemy. He opened the Turkish Grand National Assemblyon on 23rd of April, On the same day Mustafa Kemal was elected President of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Atatürk died at 09:05 at Dolmabahce Palace in Istanbul On November 10, His principles are: * Republicanism * Nationalism * Populism * Secularism * Revolutionism * Statism 30

9 He made reforms on: Legal system, education system, dress, Civil rights for women, work on history, change of calender, measure, holidays and surname. 1. When was Mustafa Kemal born? 2. Where was he born? 3. What was his mother s and father s name? 4. When did he land at Samsun? 5. What happenned on 23 April, When did he open the Turkish Grand National Assembly? 7. What did he do on 29 October, 1923? 8. When did he die? 9. Where did he die? 31

10 Lesson Two I was studying at 7 Bu derste Past Continuous Tense zamamnını ö!reneceksiniz. Past Continuous Tense geçmi"te sürekli olarak gerçekle"en olayları anlatmak için kullanılan bir zamandır. Past Continuous Tense yardımcı fiil olarak was ve were yardımcı fiiler kullanılır. Özne was were verb-ing She was studying Mathematics yesterday morning. (Dün ö!leden sonra matematik çalı"ıyordu) I was having dinner at 8 o clock last night. (Geçen ak"am saat 08 de ak"am yeme!i yiyordum) What were the students doing yesterday? They were listening to their teacher. 32

11 Past Continuous Tense ile olumsuz cümle nasıl yapılır? Özne was not were verb-ing A#a$ıdaki (negative) olumsuz cümleleri inceleyiniz I was not playing tennis yesterday afternoon. (Dün ö!leden sonra tenis oynamıyordum) Past Continuous Tense ile soru cümlesi nasıl kurulur? Was Özne Verb-ing? Were Past Continnons Tense ile sormak için Was veya were sözcükleri soru cümlesinin ba"ında kullanılır. Cevabında mutlaka Yes / No bulunur. A"a!ıdaki soruları ve kısa yanıtlarını inceleyiniz. TOM : Were you dancing with Julia yesterday? (Dün Julia ile mi dansediyordun?) EMMA : Yes, I was. SALLY: No, I wasn t. -Was Kate drinking tea in the morning? (Kate sabah, çaymı içiyordu?) -Yes, she was. What were you doing last nigt? Dün ak"am ne yapıyordun? I was watching TV. TV seyrediyordum. What was she doing yesterday morning? She was cleaning her room. Odasını temizliyordu. 33

12 Lesson Three She was working while they were dancing. Le Bu ünitenin 2. dersinde Past Continuous Tense zamanının cümle yapısını, soru ve olumsuz cümlelerinin nasıl kullanıldı!ını ö!rendiniz. Bu dersimizde, Past Continnons Tense in main clause (ana cümlecik) ve time clanse (zaman cümleci!i) olarak Simple Past Tense ile birlikte aynı cümlede kullanılı"ını göreceksiniz. A"a!ıdaki resimlerde gördüklerimizi uygun zaman kullanarak ifade edelim: Bu iki olayın aynı süre içinde ola geldi!ini dü"ünerek uygun zaman zarfları (time conjunctions) kullanıp birbirine ba!layalım. Mary was studying Tom was riding a bicycle 34

13 While* ve as aynı sürede olagelen iki olayı ba!larken kullanılan zaman zarf larıdır. iken anlamını verirler. As / while Mary was studying, Tom was riding a bicycle. Bu cümlede; Mary was studying cümleci!i time clause (zaman cümleci!i) olarak kullanıldı. Tom was riding a bicycle ise main clause (ana cümlecik) oldu. Mary çalı"ırken, Tom bisiklete biniyordu. E!er while veya as di!er cümleci!in ba"ında kullanılırsa While/As Tom was riding a bicycle, Mary was studying (Tom bisiklete binerken, Mary ders çalı"ıyordu.) Tom was riding a bicycle cümleci!i; time clause (zaman cümleci!i), Mary was studying cümleci!i; main clause (ana cümlecik) olur. Bu cümleyi a"a!ıdaki gibi de ifade edebiliriz: Mary was studying while / as Tom was riding a bicycle. (Tom bisiklete binerken Mary ders çalı"ıyordu) veya Tom was riding a bicycle while-/ as Mary was studying (Mary çalı"ırkentom bisiklete biniyordu) While veya as daima zaman cümleci! nin (time clause) ba"ında kullanılır. Time clause konulur. Cümlenin ba"ında kullanılırsa, main clause a seçmeden önce comma (virgül) konulur. Cümle main clause ile ba"lıyor, sonra timeclause kullanılıyorsa, arada comma (virgül) kullanılmaz. A"a!ıdaki örnekleri inceleyiniz: While/As I was coming here, they were playing football. Buraya geliyorken onlar futbol oynuyordu. They were playing football while/as I was coming here. While/as the students were shouting, the teacher was drinking tea. Ö!renciler ba!ırıken ö!retmen çay içiyordu. The teacher was drinking tea while/as the students were shouting. Past ContinuousTense ile Simple Past Tense i aynı cümlede main clause ve time clause olarak birbirine nasıl ba!lanabilir? Geçmi"te bir olay devam etmekte iken bir ba"ka olayın olması durumunda devam etmekte olan olayı, Past Continuous Tense ile, o sürüyorken olan 2. olayı Simple Past Tense ile ifade ederek main clause veya time clause olarak kullanabiliriz. Time clause gösteren olay Simple Past Tense ise ba"ında when zaman zarfı Past Continuous Tense ise ba"ında as I when I while zaman zarfları kullanılır. 35

14 A"a!ıdaki iki olayı dikkatlice inceleyiniz: The tube exploded He was heating WhiIe / As / when he was heating, the tube exploded (Tüpü ısıtıyorken, patladı) veya; The tube exploded WhiIe / As / when he was heating (Tüpü ısıtıyorken, patladı) Bu cümlelerde He was heating cümleci!i, time clause, it exploded cümleci!i, main clause olarak kullanıldı. EXERCISE A : Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the paranthesis I.. (have) an accident two weeks ago when I..(go) to school. The weather was horrible and it..(rain) very hard. I..(cycle) along the Park Road at about 8.30 in the morning. When a car driver suddenly..(open) the door of a car parked in front of me. I..(try) to brake down when I (see) the car door, but there wasn t enough time and I.. (crash) into the door, and..(fall) onto the road when the accident (happen) and they..(come) to apologise (shout) at him because I was very hungry. 36

15 " SUMMARY (Özet) Simple Past Tense (Di-li Geçmi" Zaman) I You We They He She it went to the cinema yesterday last week 2 days ago I You We They He She it didn t go to the cinema yesterday last week 2 days ago Did I you we they he she it go to the cinema yesterday last week 2 days ago Past Continuous Tense Affirmative sentence (Olumlu cümle) I he she it was playing tennis at 10 o clock yesterday you we they were 37

16 Negative sentence (Olumsuz cümle) I he she it wasn t playing tennis at 10 o clock yesterday you we they weren t Question Form (Soru hali) was I he she it playing tennis at 10 o clock yesterday? were you we they Short answers (Kısa cevaplar) Yes, Yes, I he she it you we they was were No, No, I he she it you we they wasn t weren t 38

17 WORDLIST UNIT TWO Struggle Independence Land Invite Delegate Congress Country Create Found Champagne Pavement Brake Crash Seriously War of Independence The Turkish Republic Republic day Commander Defeat!ndependence Military attache Peace treaty. Victory day. Withdraw The Turkish Great National Assembly : mücadele etmek : ba!ımsızlık : karaya çıkmak, / yere inmek : davet etmek : temsilci : kongre, toplantı : ülke : yaratmak : kurmak : "ampanya : kaldırım : fren yapmak : çarpmak : ciddi "ekilde : Ba!ımsızlık Sava"ı : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti : Cumhuriyet bayramı : komutan : yenmek : ba!ımsızlık : askeri ata"e : Barı" anla"ması : Zafer günü : çekilmek : Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi 39

18 TEST II 1) The moon brightly when we were walking along the seaside last night. A) is shining B) was shining C) shines D) shoned 2) I was buying a book when I.one of my old friends. A) met B) was meeting C) meet D) am meeting 3) I m afraid I..hear the doorbell. I.in the garden at that time. A) didn t / work B) didn t / am working C) don t / was working D) didn t / was working 4) What from 10 to 11 last night? A) have you done B) are you doing C) were you doing D) do you do 5) There. nobody in the room when I in. A) was / come B) is / come C) was / have come D) was / came 6) She.her leg while she tennis. A) is hurting / plays B) hurt / was playing C) was hurting / played D) hurt / played 40

19 7) What.while he..fast? A) happened / was driving B) did happen / was driving C) happened / is driving D) happenes / was driving 8) My mum..like the hotel we in Bodrum last summer. A) didn t / stayed B) doesn t / stay C) doesn t / are staying D) didn t / stay 9) They French as I.German. A) studied / am studying B) were studying / was studying C) have studied / was studying D) were studying / have studied 10).you having lunch when you..her? A) Were / see B) Are / saw C) were / saw D) Did / saw 41

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