Congress Report 26th Building and Life Congress Bursa, TURKEY- April 3-5, 2014 Tulin VURAL ARSLAN 1 Arzu CAHANTIMUR 2 Selen DURAK 3 Sibel POLAT 4 26th Building and Life Congress which focuses on the theme of Re-invention of City Center was held in Bursa, Turkey between 3-5 April, 2014. Responsibility for this organization was taken by Chamber of Architects Bursa Branch and Uludag University, Department of Architecture. The Congress primarily is targeted to revealing original values of city centers that are transferred continuously from past to the future. It is known that with de-territorialization and re-terrritorialization beginning towards the end of the last century combined with increased globalization, this century experienced a phenomenal transformation of its built environments. However, some recent research highlight apparent contradictions and hybridity among the traditional and the contemporary global built environments. which has implications on space use, urban planning, design and architecture. Among these, many studies related to investigating potentials and generating solutions to problems of city centers in response to urban spatial segregation come forward. Within this context, The Congress aims to provide a discussion on spatial and social issues that are brought about by the changing life dynamics and to enable the proposals for resolutions. It constituted a platform for the discussions about the resilience of city centers to contemporary life conditions. In this platform, with the participation of both national and international academicians, researchers, local governments and non-governmental organizations representatives and citizens of Bursa, a multi-dimensional discussion arena about the subject occured. The main themes and sub-themes of the congress are listed below: 1 234 Tulin Vural Arslan, Associate Professor,Uludag University, Faculty of Architecture Department of Architecture, Bursa, Turkey, Email : tulinv@yahoo.com 90
1. TRANSMITTING CITY CENTER: Planning Strategies and design approaches, urban transformation, revitalisation (economic, social, physical), urban heritage, urban tourism 2. ENCOUNTERING CITY CENTER: Urban segregation, public life, accessibility, diversity, urban consciousness, inclusiveness 3. MANAGING CITY CENTER: Urban policies, governance, participation, disaster and risk management, site management approaches 4. RETROFITTING CITY CENTER: ecological approaches, energy efficiency, innovative technologies, environmental control Before the congress, it is announced that the editor of GBER, Dr. Tasleem Shakur is placed in both Scientific and Organizing Committee of the Congress and selected papers will be published in a special issue of GBER. Figure 1: A view from opening speeches (Chamber of Architects Bursa Branch Archive) Congress started with protocol and opening speeches of The President of Chamber of Architects, Eyup Muhcu; The Head of Chamber of Architects Bursa Branch Can Şimşek 91
and the Dean of Uludag University Faculty of Architecture, Prof. Nilufer Akinciturk on April 3th Thursday at the conference hall of TUYAP Bursa International Fair and Congress Center. And then, it was proceed with 11 sessions and the final panel. 58 presentations were made by 102 national and international participants. Foreign participants of the congress are from different geographies of the world, like United Kingdom, Portugal, Netherlands, Morocco, India, Azerbaijan and Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic. In the six sessions, international invited speakers made presentations related with the congress theme. The Invited Speakers investigate the theme of the congress throughout their own approaches. Dr. Tasleem SHAKUR, the editor of GBER, investigated the ever changing dynamics of city, community and spaces with his paper titled as The Ever Changing Dynamics Of City, Community And Spaces: Lessons for the Community Built Environments. He revisited the vibrant pre-industrial city spaces, documenting cases of multiply deprived communities affected by the designs of modernist misadventure in Europe while following the rise of heritage development in the historic Eastern cities. Figure2: A view from the presentation of Dr. Tasleem Shakur (Chamber of Architects Bursa Branch Archive) 92
Dr. Hassan RADOINE, argued that the potential of urban conservation could be a great catalst of sustainable development, wit his paper titled as Urban Conservation and Sustainable Development in the Middle East.Being one of the most significant UNESCO world heritage cities in the Middle East since 1980, he had taken the madina of Fez as a model to elucidate his perspective. Dr. Magda SIBLEY, shared her three years multidisciplinary study of six historic hammams and their neighbourhood in the cities of six Mediterranean countries as part of the European Union funded Hammam Project. With her paper titled as The Hammam: A Catalyst for Well Being and Urban Sustainability in the 21st. Century, she examined the role of hammams play in their city and neighbourhood and highlighted the embedded lessons of sustainability within this centuries old institution. Dr. Beata LABUHN, overviewed the current European re-design strategies for dealing with the dilemma of combining preservation and development in the city centres in the Netherlands and Italy. Her paper titled as How Life (and Development) will Always Find its Way Within the Historic City Centres : Protection and Development Strategies for the City Centres in The Netherlands and in Italy, dwelled on the imitate approach where the characteristics of the old city centres are summarized into design principles for planning of new retro-towns. Dr. Nuzhat KAZMI, evaluated the built environment from the Medieval Indıa, under the Mughal patronage. Her paper titled as Medieval Mughal Urban Architectural Design: Lal Qıla in Shajahanabad, in Modern Capital of India presented the development process of the historic palace and its environment and their effects on the image of the city. Prof. Dr. Teresa Barata SALGUIERA, discussed the inner city decline with her paper titled as The entrepreneurial City and the Regeneration of the City Center. She focused on the regeneration of the inner city underlining the role of planning, public authorities and other main actors in the transformation of landscape and urban image. The presentations in the congress are grouped under 11 sessions in accordance with the sub-themes of the congress. The first session of the Congress entitled TRANSMITTING CITY CENTER - HISTORICAL CITY CENTERS 1 include papers that emphasize how city centres with their cultural heritage adapt themselves to the changing living conditions and the needs of 93
the society. It has been claimed that the cities are constantly evolving and becoming modern. The process of Modernization endangers the historical building stock and the identity of the public spaces inside the city centres. Papers in this session remarked the significance of the nineteenth century urban planning agenda for the redevelopment of city centres. It has been claimed that each city is a unique example having diverse historical context although being transformed by the standardized nature of Modernization. The cases in this session include Trabzon city centre, Barbican Estate in London, the centre of a coastal city İzmit, and Selimiye city centre in Nicosia. Figure 3: A view from the cocktail after the first day of the congress (Chamber of Architects Bursa Branch Archive) The second session of the Congress entitled RETROFITTING CITY CENTER PLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION includes papers describing the relationship between the transportation infrastructure and the overall urban structure of cities. These papers remark that the spatial planning and the street network in the city centre prevent 94
both reconstruction and the use of new means of transportation. The cases in this session include Baku, Berlin, Frankfurt and Leipzig. The third session of the Congress entitled TRANSMITTING CITY CENTER GLOBALIZING CITY AND IDENTITY includes papers evaluating urban development in city centres through sociological, cultural and economic terms. It is remarked that the identity of the city is being lost since economic value of the city is prioritized rather than its natural, historical, cultural and physical notions. It has been claimed that as urban population decreases, homogenization -despite the cultural uniqueness of the city- and gentrification become significant problems. The cases in this session include Turkish cities such as Bursa and Antalya. The fourth session of the Congress entitled RETROFITTING CITY CENTER ECOLOGICAL APPROACHES include papers describing how urban green infrastructure can be re-integrated with the existing city centre and how the changes in urban fabric effect solar access properties of settlements. The cases in this session include Baku, İstanbul and İzmir. The fifth session of the Congress entitled TRANSMITTING CITY CENTER IMPLEMENTATIONS include papers describing how urban conservation practices, reuse of historical buildings, design of open public squares and street planning and management effect the old city centres. The cases in this session include Mardin, Giresun, İstanbul and İzmit. The sixth session of the Congress entitled ENCOUNTERING CITY CENTER PUBLIC SPACE include papers that emphasize how public spaces in city centers affect the urban public life and urban identity from past to present. Cases presented in this session are Eskisehir Porsuk River Case, Istanbul Eminonu Square, Yozgat City Square, Bursa Republican Square, Istanbul Galata Square and the case of Gezi Park from Istanbul. The seventh session of the Congress entitled TRANSMITTING CITY CENTER HISTORICAL CITY CENTERS 2 include papers that emphasize the reasons of the inner city decline in the 20th century and regeneration processes of historical city centers while 95
underlining the role of architecture, planning and public authorities and other economic and social factors in the transformation of urban image. Cases presented in this session are Ankara Historical City Center, Icherisheher in Baku, City Centre Regeneration in European Cities: Leicester, Roubaix, Leipzig, Tournai and Genoa, Walled City of Nicosia- Cyprus and Antalya Kaleici Experience. The eighth session of the Congress entitled TRANSMITTING CITY CENTER ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION include papers that emphasize the ever changing dynamics of city, community and the spaces in terms of emergence of shopping malls and changing lifestyles in the globalization era. Cases presented in this session are modernist misadventure in Europe and the rise of heritage development in the historic Eastern cities, Bursa Historical Bazaar and Han District, Kayseri City Centre, Izmir Kemeralti Historic City Centre, Istanbul Kadikoy Historical District Bazaar and applications of urban regeneration in terms of consumption of space. The ninth session of the Congress entitled TRANSMITTING CITY CENTER HISTORICAL CITY CENTERS 3 include papers that emphasize the importance of the successful conservation approaches of architectural heritages to sustain historical city centres while evaluating the effects of new development axes and new architectural trends to these centres. Cases presented in this session are historical city centres in Europe and in Turkey, Kayseri city centre, the hammam as a catalyst for urban sustainability, residential construction of cities of Azerbaijan Republic and a Roman (claudiopolis) and an Ottoman city: Bolu The tenth session of the Congress entitled MANAGING CITY CENTER include papers that emphasize the importance of participatory governance strategies to enable urban consciousness and rediscover city centres for everyone. Cases presented in this session are Mersin City Centre, urban segregation problems in Istanbul: Tarlabasi, Sulukule and Taksim pedestrianization projects, Karadeniz Ereğli example, Bursa city centre, İzmit Değirmendere city centre and Istanbul Taksim Square. The eleventh and the last session of the Congress entitled ENCOUNTERING CITY CENTER DESIGN FOR ALL include papers that emphasize the need of design for all 96
approach in urban and architectural design practices via some implementation examples. The Influence of the Urban Facilities/Inabilities on the Preference of Walking for Transformation, Traditional Children s Plays and Urban Space, Creating A Public Space for Children in the City s Centre: The Case of Kasımpaşa-Turabibaba Library, Participation of the Disabled in Social Life: Accessible Yozgat Project, and Accessibility of Merzifon City Centre: Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation were the papers presenting and putting stress on the importance of the terms of accessibility, universal design and participation for today s world. Figure 4: A view of participants and chairs after the final panel (Chamber of Architects Bursa Branch Archive) The Congress aimed to seek answers to the questions raised in the defined sub-themes through discussions and analyses. At the end of the congress, in the final panel different discussions in the congress is summarised by the chairs of sessions with a hope to open up new visions for the agenda of architecture. Scientific Committee of the Congress: Nilüfer AKINCITÜRK Prof. Dr.M.Arch Aydan BALAMİRProf. Dr.M.Arch Cana BİLSEL Prof. Dr.M.Arch Nur ÇAĞLAR Prof. Dr.M.Arch Neslihan DOSTOĞLU Prof. Dr.M.Arch Mualla ERKILIÇ Prof. Dr.M.Arch Tülin GÖRGÜLÜ Prof. Dr.M.Arch Zekai GÖRGÜLÜ Prof. Dr.M.Arch Şengül ÖYMEN GÜR Prof. Dr.M.Arch Deniz İNCEDAYI Prof. Dr.M.Arch Feza KARAER Prof. Dr., Env. Eng. 97
Nuzhat KAZMİ Prof. Dr.M.Arch Derya OKTAY Prof. Dr.Ms.Arch, PGDipUD Hassan RADIONE Prof. Dr.M.Archr Teresa BARATA SALGUEIRA Prof. Dr.M.Arch Hülya TURGUT Prof. Dr.M.Arch Handan TÜRKOĞLU Prof. Dr.M.Arch Ruşen YAMAÇLI Prof. Dr.M.Arch Tülin VURAL ARSLAN Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem ORAL AYDINAssoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu ÇAHANTİMUR Assoc. Prof. Dr. Müge AKKAR ERCANAssoc. Prof. Dr. Feyzan ERKİP Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nilgün KULOĞLU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Filiz ŞENKAL SEZER Assoc. Prof. Dr. Osman TUTAL Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Cemal YALÇINTAN Assoc. Prof. Dr. Urban Planner Gül SAYAN ATANUR Assist. Prof. Dr., Land. Arch. Selen DURAK Assist. Prof. Dr. Yasemin ERBİL Assist. Prof. Dr. Tasleem SHAKUR Dr.M.Arch Magda SIBLEY Dr.M.Arch Bülend TUNA Architect Organising Committee of the Congress: Nizamettin KAYA Architect Üzeyir GÜVEN Board Treasurer MuraT KÖSELER Architect Mehmet Orhan EFE Architect, President of Chamber Of Architects Bursa Section Building & Life Committee Tülin VURAL ARSLAN Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu ÇAHANTİMUR Assoc. Prof. Dr. Selen DURAK Assist. Prof. Dr. Rengin BECEREN Inst. Dr. M.Arch. Çiğdem YÜCEL Inst. Dr. M.Arch. Sibel POLAT Res. Assist. Dr. M.Arch. Tasleem SHAKUR Dr. M.Arch. Invited speakers: Dr. Tasleem Shakur Dr.. Hassan RADOINE Dr. Magda Sibley Dr. Beata LABUHN Dr. Nuzhat Kazmi Prof. Dr. Teresa Barata Salguiera 98
Participants: Assist. Prof. Dr., Murat TUTKUN; Res. Assist., Esra İMAMOĞLU; Inst. Dr. M.Arch Reyhan YILDIZ ;Prof. Dr. M.Arch Nihal ŞENLİER; Asst. Dr. Özgül ACAR ÖZLER;Assist. Prof. Dr. Elif Yeşim KÖSTEN;Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zehra ÖNGÜL; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Banu TEVFİKLER; Dr. Sabina ALIYEVA; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehriban MİKAYILOVA; Phd. Agaselim AZIZOV ; Assist. Prof. Dr. Bilge ULUSAY ALPAY; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pelin GÖKGÜR;Assist. Prof. Dr. İclal KAYA ALTAY;Deputy Chief of Marmaray Coordination Commission Ayhan Ufuk KINIK; Prof.Dr. Gönül İÇLİ; Assist. Prof. Dr. Pınar Kaya ÖZÇELİK;Res. Assist. Dr. Hatice Ceren DUMAN; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tülin VURAL ARSLAN; Assist. Prof. Dr. Pınar KAYA ÖZÇELİK; Architect Özlem OKAN; Dr. Elimira ABDULLAYEVA; Assist. Prof. Dr. Meltem ERDEM KAYA; Inst. Dr. H. Serdar KAYA; Esra SAKINÇ; Res. Assist. Dr. Sevinç ALKAN KORKMAZ; Prof. Dr. Deniz ORHUN; Res. Assist. Dr. Seher GÜZELÇOBAN MAYUK; Assist. Prof. Dr. Berrin ŞAHİN DİR;Res. Assist. Dr. Vedia DERDA GÜNDÜZ; Res. Assist. Dr. Seda ÖZLÜ;Graduate Student Gülşen VAROL YURDUSEVEN;Assist. Prof. Dr. Sanem ÖZEN TURAN;Doç.dr., Dilek Beyazlı;Yrd. Doç. Dr. Esma Mıhlayanlar; Assist. Prof. Dr. Semiha KARTAL; Assist. Prof. Dr. Filiz UMAROĞULLARI;Res. Assist. Dr. Şule YILMAZ ERTEN;Assist. Prof. Dr. Didem ERTEN BİLGİÇ; Assist. Prof. Dr. Ayşe Duygu KAÇAR;Ayşen ÇELEN ÖZTÜRK;Terane BURNAK;Gökçe ÖNAL KETİZMEN;Hatice DÜLGER; Res. Assist. Dr. Zeynep ÖZDEMİR;Res. Assist. Dr. Saadet Tuğçe TEZER;M.Arch Gaye BEZİRCİOĞLU SENVENLİ;Architect Pınar KÖMÜRCÜ;Doğa Duygu USLU;Architect Gökhan KARABACAK; Adrian de MIGUEL; Assist. Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Belgin DİKMEN;Res. Assist. Dr. Sibel POLAT Prof. Dr. Neslihan DOSTOĞLU;Egemen Alp GÖKBULAK; Hilal ÜNAL GÖKER; Nilay ÖZGE;Cem ÇAKALOĞLU;Elahe AMİNİ Serhat AKSU; Soolmaz ZAEEMDAR; Res. Assist. Dr. Esra AKBALIK; Res. Assist. Dr. Emel CANTÜRK; Prof. Dr. Hülya TURGUT;Res. Assist. Dr. Olcay Türkan YURDUGÜZEL ;Phd. Rahiba ALİYEVA;Assoc. Prof. Dr. Beser Oktay VEHBİ Assist. Prof. Dr. Kağan GÜNÇE;Urban Planner Duygu ÖZTEKİN;Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oya AKIN;Assist. Prof. Dr. Semih Halil EMÜR;Inst. Dr. Seçil Gül MEYDAN;Assist. Prof. Dr. Gülnur BALLİCE Res. Assist. Dr. Eda PAYKOÇ;Selma TUNALI ;Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Serap FIRAT;Assist. Prof. Dr. Meltem ÖZÇAKI ;Assist. Prof. Dr. Asım Mustafa AYTEN ;Pr. Dr. Nizami NAGHİYEV;Assist. Prof. Dr. Can KARAGÜLLE ;Semih DİMİCİOĞLU;Assist. Prof. Dr. Hasan Tahsin SELÇUK; Cânâ BİLSEL;Fikret ZORLU; Evrim Demir MİSHCHENKO; Züleyha Sara BELGE;Pierre BOUCHÉ;Claudio SECCİ;Célia LEBARBEY;M.Arch İlkim MARKOÇ ;Urban Planner (MSc) M. Erdem ERYAZICIOĞLU ;Assist. Prof. Dr. Burçin HENDEN ŞOLT;Res. Assist. Dr. Sedef Nur CANKURT; Assist. Prof. Dr. Gül Sayan ATANUR; Urban Planner (MSc) Duygu ÖZTEKİN;Architect Kevser DAĞDELEN;M.Arch Gülhis DUYGUN;Res. Assist. Dr. Gözde EKŞİOĞLU ÇETİNTAHRA ;Res. Assist. Dr. Burçin HEPGÜZEL;Assist. Prof. Dr. Yasemin Çakırer ÖZSERVET Evrim DOĞAN;Res. Assist. Dr. Zuhal ÖZÇETİN ;Res. Assist. Dr. Sinem DEDEOĞLU ; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dilek BEYAZLI 99
1 Participators: A. Cumhur Kocalar, Ali Tolga Özden, Alidost Ertuğrul, Hakan Yıldız, Alper Sağlık, Elif Sağlık, Abdullah Kelkit, Aslı Selay Darğa, Fatma Erkök, Aylin Yıldırım Tschoepe, Aysun Eyüboğlu Erşen, Ayşe Durukan Kopuz, Ömür Sepetçi, Ayşin Sev, Meltem Ezel Çırpı, Behice Solduk, Azime Tezer, Bengi Su Ertürkmen, Bilge Beril Kapusuz, Candan Umut Özden, Hale Gülbaz, Hülya Yorulmaz, Cem Bayrak, Fatma Avşar, Cansu İlhan, Tüzin Baycan, Damla Atik, Nevnihal Erdoğan, Deniz Demirarslan, Özgür Algan, Devran Bengü, Didem Erten Bilgiç, Özgü Özturan, S.Ahmet Çağlayan, Dilek Zülkadiroğlu, Evren Burak Enginöz, Duygu Cihanger, Ekrem Ayalp, Ekrem Çetin Bigat, Elif Yeşim Kösten, Ahmet Kıvanç Kutluca, İsmail Talih Güven, Duydu Öztekin, Kevser Dağdelen, Hamdullah Livaoğlu, Tahir Serkan Irmak, Mithat Fırat Özer, Elifnaz Durusoy, Elif Sağlık, Alper Sağlık, Abdullah Kelkit, Emel Karakaya, Emine Saka Akın, Ersan Koç, Neşe Çakıcı Alp, Hürkan Topuz, Esin Benian, Beste Karakaya, Evren Akaltun, Ezgi Orhan, F. Nihan Kahya, Evrim Töre, Fatma Kürüm Varolgüneş, Nurtekin Özen, Gergő Máté Kovács, Gülcan İner, Gülcan Minsolmaz Yeler, Gülnur Ballice, Ebru Bengisu, Sevinç Alkan Korkmaz, H.Burçin Henden Şolt, Hakan Yıldız, Nurcan Güneş, Hamdi Ergül, Hamiyet Özen, Hamzah Salman Almamoori, Hassan Haj Kasim, Ahmed Yaareb Tohala, Hatice Kıran Çakır, Tuğçe Akbıyık, Namık Kemal Döleneken, Hatice Uçar, Havva Alkan Bala, Tuğba Deringöl, Hülya Berkmen Yakar, Ismail Hakan Kolcu, Vedıa Dokmecı, Kadriye Burcu Yavuz, Şule Tüdeş, Kemal Reha Kavas, İbrahim Bakır, Kerem Yavuz Arslanlı, M. Erdem Eryazıcıoğlu, İlkim Markoç, Mehmet Ersan Aytaç, Taner Toksöz, Mehtap Özbayraktar, Sonay Ayyıldız, Nilgün Çağlar, Neslihan T. Bayraktar, Eda Ölçer, Melda Açmaz Özden, Z. Müge Akkar Ercan, Melih Birik, Meltem Tarı Özgür, Mehmet Özgür, Erdinç Keskin, Merve Kaya, Ferhan Gezici Korten, H. Metin Felekoglu, Hakan Sağlam, Mine Can, Müge Göker, Nazlı Songülen, Nihan Oya Memlük, Hikmet Temel Akarsu, Büşra Özaydın Çat, Nur Umar, Oya Şenyurt, Özlem Taşkın Erten, Özlem Sağıroğlu, Arzu Özen Yavuz, Pınar Kısa Ovalı, Hatice Kıran Çakır, Allma Dubova, Pınar Öktem Erkartal, Selim Ökem, Selin Arabulan, Hatice Kıran Çakır, Damla Atik, Semiha Katral, Esma Mıhlayanlar, Selin Arabulan, Sezen Savran, Ezgi Bay, Sibel Demirarslan, Oğuz Demirarslan, Sırma R.Turgut, Şerife Ebru Okuyucu, Şerife Özata, Tansel Erbil, A.Erdem Erbas, H.Tonguç Tokol, Tülay Canıtez, Funda Aşut, İlker Salih Canıtez, Yasemin Çakırer Özservet, Yılmaz Büktel, Gökmen Mengüç, M. Zekeriya Özak, Güneş Mutman, Özlem Kutluata, Alper Akdağ, Veli Balgan, Zeynep Gamze Mert, Kevin Stolarick, Zara Matheson, Natasha Segal, Pakize Tekel, Tahir Akman, Savaş Zafer Şahin, Ayhan Ufuk Kınık. 2 Guest Speakers: Metin Alan, Yusuf Arayıcı, C. Arsal Arısal, Konstantinos Athonassiadis, Murat Balamir, Kamil Gökhan Bozkurt, Mithat Bora Bulut, Evangelos Chrysafides, Nevzat Doğan, Yurdanur Dülgeroğlu Yüksel, A. Faruk Göksu, İsmet Güngör, Murat Güvenç, Keimi Harada, Pilar Cristina Izquierdo Gracia, Geoffrey J.D. Hewings, Mikdat Kadıoğlu, Ayhan Ufuk Kınık, Arzu Kocabaş, Erol Köktürk, Mehmet Kösebay, Ivana Mijatovic, Murat Özdağ, Amir Pasic, Richard Peiser, Orhan Sarıaltun, Manfred Schrenk, Seyhan Serimer, Tasleem Shakur, Ahmet Şahin, İlhan Tekeli, Tülay Esin Tıkansak, Aikaterini Zachariadou, Ayhan Zeytinoğlu. 100