FAUNISTIC STUDIES ON LYGAEIDAE (HETEROPTERA) OF WESTERN BLACK SEA, CENTRAL ANATOLIA AND MEDITERRANEAN REGIONS OF TURKEY

FAUNISTIC STUDIES ON LYGAEIDAE (HETEROPTERA) OF WESTERN BLACK SEA, CENTRAL ANATOLIA AND MEDITERRANEAN REGIONS OF TURKEY Niyazi LODOS Feyzi ÖNDER Esat PEHLİVAN Ruşen ATALAY Enis ERKİN Yusuf KARSAVURAN Serdar TEZCAN Sami AKSOY İzmir-1999

To the memories of the Late Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ruşen ATALAY (1947-1994) and Prof. Dr. Niyazi LODOS (1921-1997) who are the co-authors of this publication

This study was supported by TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey) (Project Numbers: TOAG/336 & 502)

The authors wish to thank to TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey) for financial support of project and to HEKTAŞ company for financial support of printing and to Taner Mercan, Canan Çelik, Nilay Gülperçin, A. Emre Örümlü, İ. Meltem Düzbastılar, Ferruh Kepekçi and Esra Mungan their helps in preparing and to Olcay Sutüven and his colleagues for printing this book.

CONTENTS ABSTRACT I ÖZET II I - INTRODUCTION 1 II - MATERIAL AND METHODS 2 III- RESULTS OF FAUNISTIC STUDIES 4 A. Subfamily : Artheneinae Stal 4 1.Genus: Artheneis Spin. 4 2.Genus: Holcocranum Fieb. 6 B. Subfamily: Blissinae Stal 6 1.Genus: Blissus Bm. 6 2.Genus: Dimorphopterus Stal 6 3.Genus: Ischnodemus Fieb. 7 C. Subfamily: Cyminae Stal 7 1.Genus: Cymus H. 7 D. Subfamily: Geocorinae Stal 9 1.Genus: Geocoris Fn. 9 2.Genus : Piocoris Stal 10 E. Subfamily: Henestarinae Stal 12 1.Genus: Engistus Fieb. 12 2.Genus: Henestaris Spin. 13 F. Subfamily: Heterogastrinae Stal 13 1.Genus: Heterogaster Schl. 13 2.Genus: Platyplax Fieb. 14 G. Subfamily: Ischnorrhynchinae Stal 16 1.Genus: Kleidocerys Ww. 16 H. Subfamily: Lygaeinae Stal 16 1.Genus: Arocatus Spin. 16 2.Genus: Apterola Ms.& Rey 18 3.Genus: Caenocoris Fieb. 18 4.Genus: Lygaeosoma Spin. 18 5.Genus: Lygaeus F. 19 6.Genus: Melanocoryphus Stal 21 7.Genus: Tropidothorax Bg. 22 I. SubSubfamily: Orsillinae Stal 23 1.Genus: Nysius Dl. 23 2.Genus: Orsillus Dl. 27 3.Genus: Ortholomus Stal 27 4.Genus: Paranysius Hv. 28

J. Subfamily: Oxycareninae Stal 28 1.Genus: Auchenodes Hv. 28 2.Genus: Brachyplax Fieb. 28 3.Genus: Leptodemus Rt. 29 4.Genus: Macroplax Fieb. 29 5.Genus: Macropternella Slt. 30 6.Genus: Metopoplax Fieb. 30 7.Genus: Microplax Fieb. 31 8.Genus: Oxycarenus Fieb. 32 K. Subfamily: Pachygrontinae Stal 34 1.Genus: Cymophyes Fieb. 34 L. Subfamily: Rhyparochrominae Stal 34 1.Genus: Aphanus Lp. 34 2.Genus: Beosus A.-S. 34 3.Genus: Camptocera Jak. 35 4.Genus: Diomphalus Fieb. 35 5.Genus: Emblethis Fieb. 36 6.Genus: Eremocoris Fieb. 39 7.Genus: Gastrodes Ww. 39 8.Genus: Gonianotus Fieb. 39 9.Genus: Hyalochilus Fieb. 40 10.Genus: Ischnopeza Fieb. 40 11.Genus: Lamprodema Fieb. 41 12.Genus: Lasiocoris Fieb. 42 13.Genus: Lethaeus Dl. 42 14.Genus: Megalonotus Fieb. 42 15.Genus: Neurocladus Fieb. 44 16.Genus: Pachybrachius H. 45 17.Genus: Paromius Fieb. 45 18.Genus: Peritrechus Fieb. 45 19.Genus: Plinthisus Fieb. 47 20.Genus: Pterotmetus A.-S. 48 21.Genus: Rhyparochromus H. 48 22.Genus: Scolopostethus Fieb. 52 23.Genus: Stygnocoris Dgl. 52 24.Genus: Taphropeltus Stal 53 25.Genus: Trapezonotus Fieb. 53 26.Genus: Tropistethus Fieb. 54 REFERENCES 55 INDEX TO SPECIES 57

ABSTRACT This study was carried out during the years of 1979-1982 in the Central Anatolia and Western Black Sea Regions and also during the years of 1984-1987 in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. During this study totally 149 species were found in 59 genera and in 12 families of Lygaeidae. The number and percentages of the species of the subfamilies are given as follows: Artheneinae 5 (3,3 %); Blissinae 4 (2,7 %); Cyminae 3 (2,0 %); Geocorinae 7 (4,7 %); Henestarinae 5 (3,3 %); Heterogastrinae 6 (4,0 %); Ischnorrhynchinae 2 (1,4 %); Lygaeinae 17 (11,4 %); Orsillinae 14 (9,4 %); Oxycareninae 14 (9,4 %); Pachygrontinae 1 (0,7 %); Rhyparochrominae 71 (47,7 %). ÖZET Batı Karadeniz, Orta Anadolu ve Akdeniz Bölgeleri nin Lygaeidae (Heteroptera) türleri üzerinde faunistik araştırmalar Bu çalışma, 1979-1982 yıllarında Orta Anadolu ve Batı Karadeniz Bölgeleri nde, 1984-1987 yıllarında ise Akdeniz Bölgesi nde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada saptanan Lygaeidae familyasının Artheneinae, Blissinae, Cyminae, Geocorinae, Henestarinae, Heterogastrinae, Ischnorrhynchinae, Lygaeinae, Orsillinae, Oxycareninae, Pachygrontinae, Rhyparochrominae altfamilyalarına bağlı türler bu yayın içinde değerlendirilmiştir. Sözü edilen 12 altfamilyaya ait 59 cins içinde yer alan 149 tür belirlenmiş olup bu türlerin altfamilyalara göre dağılımı ve oranları aşağıdaki şekilde bulunmuştur: Artheneinae 5 (% 3,3); Blissinae 4 (% 2,7); Cyminae 3 (% 2,0); Geocorinae 7 (% 4,7); Henestarinae 5 (% 3,3); Heterogastrinae 6 (% 4,0); Ischnorrhynchinae 2 (% 1,4); Lygaeinae 17 (% 11,4); Orsillinae 14 (% 9,4); Oxycareninae 14 (% 9,4); Pachygrontinae 1 (% 0,7); Rhyparochrominae 71 (% 47,7).

Correspondence address: Dr. Yusuf KARSAVURAN Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture University of Ege 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey E.mail: yusuf@ziraat.ege.edu.tr Yayın Alt Komisyonu nun 25.10.1999 tarih, 106/2 sayılı kararı ve Fakülte Yönetim Kurulu nun 1.11.1999 tarih, 18/4 sayılı oluru ile dışarıda basılmasına izin verilmiştir. ISBN 975-94225-1-4

1 I. INTRODUCTION Turkey is a country which located as a bridge between Europe and Asia. It has different climatic conditions. Both geographic position and climatic differentations have some effects on flora and fauna. Because of this, Turkey have been focusing by Turkish and foreign scientists for a long period. The aim of this study is to make contribution to some faunistical records of Lygaeidae of the Western Black Sea, Central Anatolia and the Mediterranean Regions of Turkey. These regions have different climatic conditions and contain different habitats. Lygaeidae contains both important phytophagous and also zoophagous insects. Although there have been local studies, there has not been any detailed study on this area up to now. In the studies of Fairmaire (1866), Puton (1892), Puton & Noualhier (1895), Horvath (1905), Gadeau de Kerville (1939), Hoberlandt (1955), Seidenstücker (1957, 1958, 1960), Wagner (1959, 1966, 1967), Linnavuori (1965) have been given some faunistic records on Turkish Lygaeidae. The studies of Aysev (1974), Lodos et al. (1978) and Çakır & Önder (1990) are the other important studies on fauna of Turkish Lygaeidae. First research project have been realised in the Aegean and Marmara Regions of Turkey during the years of 1972-1976 (Lodos et al., 1978). Second and third steps of this study realised in Western Black Sea and Central Anatolia and in the Mediterranean Regions of Turkey during the years of 1979-1982 and 1984-1987, respectively (Lodos et al., 1983, 1989). This publication contains the detailed results of the recent studies on Lygaeidae during the years of 1979-1987.

2 II- MATERIAL AND METHODS This study concerning with the species of Lygaeidae was realised in the Central Anatolia and the Western Black Sea Region and the Mediterranean Regions between 1979-1982 and 1984-1987, respectively. For realising this study the following 27 cities, their towns and villages have been investigated: In the Western Black Sea Region: Bartın, Bolu, Karabük, Kastamonu, Sinop, Zonguldak; In the Central Anatolian Region: Aksaray, Ankara, Çankırı, Çorum, Eskişehir, Karaman, Kayseri, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Konya, Nevşehir, Niğde, Yozgat; In the Mediterranean Region: Adana, Antalya, Gaziantep, Hatay, İçel, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Osmaniye (Fig. 1). Figure 1. Map of research area. I. Mediterranean Region; II. Central Anatolian Region; III. Western Black Sea Region. For this purpose, three regions were visited in the different times, because of their various climatic and floristic properties. In this study all the plants, under the barks, debris, stones and on the ground surfaces in certain depht were examined. Sweep net was used for collecting specimens from lower plants while beating tray was used for collecting specimens from trees and bushs. Light trap was used for insects which was been active in night, pincers and pooter were used for insects which were found on the ground, under stones, barks and debris, aerial collector which was developed by Önder et al. (1979), fitting over a car was used for collecting flying insects.

3 Collections of collected specimens were made with usual methods. These materials are preserved in the collections of Prof. Dr. Niyazi Lodos Museum of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ege, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. Identification of specimens were made by the first and second authors based on the revelant literature such as Stichel (1960, 1961), Kerzhner & Yachewski (1964), Josifov (1965), Wagner (1966, 1967). To clarify the understanding of distribution of Lygaeidae the localities have been shown on the maps. Data is shown as an empty or covered square, circle etc. for each species.

4 III- RESULTS OF FAUNISTIC STUDIES As a result of this study totally 149 species were found in 59 genera and in 12 subfamilies of Lygaeidae (Table 1). Table 1. Number of the genera and species of Lygaeidae. Subfamily Number of genera Number of species Artheneinae Stal 2 5 Blissinae Stal 3 4 Cyminae Stal 1 3 Geocorinae Stal 2 7 Henestarinae Stal 2 5 Heterogastrinae Stal 2 6 Ischnorrhynchinae Stal 1 2 Lygaeinae Stal 7 17 Orsillinae Stal 4 14 Oxycareninae Stal 8 14 Pachygrontinae Stal 1 1 Rhyparochrominae Stal 26 71 Total 59 149 The detailed information of the species of Lygaeidae found in this project, are given alphabetically as follows. A. Subfamily: Artheneinae Stal 1. Genus: Artheneis Spin. 1. Artheneis alutacea Fieb. Material studied: Adana (Pozantı), Aksaray (Mamasın Dam), Ankara (Elmadağ), Antalya (Alanya, Gazipaşa), Eskişehir (Sivrihisar), Gaziantep (Nizip), İçel (Mut, Silifke), Kahramanmaraş (Central province, Andırın, Nurhak Mountain), Karaman (Ermenek), Kırıkkale (Central province), Nevşehir (Avanos, Gülşehir, Ürgüp), Niğde (Ulukışla), Osmaniye (Düziçi) (Fig. 2). 106 specimens. Occurrence:Very common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the third week of April to the middle of August. They were taken on Alhagi sp., Cirsium sp., Crataegus sp., Myricaria sp., Quercus sp., Salix sp., Tamarix sp. and also on weeds.

5 Artheneis alutacea gartheneis balcanica s Artheneis foveolata Figure 2. Distribution of the species of Artheneis alutacea, A. balcanica and A. foveolata. 2. Artheneis balcanica (Kml.) Material studied: Ankara (Elmadağ, Polatlı), Bolu (Akçakoca), Gaziantep (Nizip), Karabük (Central province), Karaman (Central province, Ermenek), Kastamonu (Central province), Konya (Hadım), Nevşehir (Avanos, Gülşehir), Niğde (Ulukışla) (Fig. 2). 28 specimens. Occurrence: Nearly common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the end of April to the middle of July. They were taken on Salix sp., Tamarix sp., weeds, on the ground and also by the aerial collector. 3. Artheneis foveolata Spin. Material studied: Adana (Pozantı, Saimbeyli), Ankara (Polatlı), Antalya (Central province, Gazipaşa, Kaş, Kemer, Korkuteli, Kumluca), İçel (Anamur, Mut, Silifke-İncekum), Karaman (Ermenek), Karabük (Central province), Konya (Hadım), Nevşehir (Avanos, Gülşehir), Niğde (Ulukışla), Osmaniye (Kadirli-Karatepe) (Fig. 2). 90 specimens. Occurrence:Common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the middle of April to the beginning of July. They were taken on Olea europea, Phloemis sp., Populus sp., Salix sp., Sinapis sp., mostly on Tamarix sp., Verbascum sp., weeds, on the ground and by the aerial collector. 4. Artheneis hircanica (Klt.) Material studied: İçel (Mut) (Fig. 3). 15 specimens. Biological note: Adults were collected at the third week of April. They were taken on Salix sp. and mostly on Tamarix sp.

6 Artheneis hircanica gholcocranum saturejae s Blissus doriai Dimorphopterus spinolai Figure 3. Distribution of the species of Artheneis hircanica, Holcocranum saturejae, Blissus doriai and Dimorphopterus spinolai. 2. Genus: Holcocranum Fieb. 1. Holcocranum saturejae (Klt.) Material studied: Hatay (Dörtyol), İçel (Mut, Tarsus), Kahramanmaraş (Türkoğlu) (Fig. 3). 5 specimens. Biological note: Adults were collected from the end of April to the middle of July. They were taken on Juncus sp., Tamarix sp. and also on weeds. B. Subfamily: Blissinae Stal 1. Genus: Blissus Bm. 1. Blissus doriai Fr. Material studied: Aksaray (Central province) (Fig. 3). 1 specimen. Biological note: Adult was collected at the beginning of May on the on the ground. 2. Genus:Dimorphopterus Stal 1. Dimorphopterus spinolai (Sign.) Material studied: Konya (Central province), Sinop (Central province) (Fig. 3). 2 specimens. Biological note: Adults were collected at the end of April and at the beginning of June on Juncus sp. and Sinapis sp.

7 Ischnodemus caspius g Ischnodemus suturalis s Cymus claviculus Figure 4. Distribution of the species of Ischnodemus caspius, I. suturalis and Cymus claviculus. 3. Genus: Ischnodemus Fieb. 1. Ischnodemus caspius Jak. Material studied: Kahramanmaraş (Türkoğlu) (Fig. 4). 25 specimens. Biological note: Adults were collected at the middle of July between the leaves and stem of Typha sp. 2. Ischnodemus suturalis Hv. Material studied: Gaziantep (Oğuzeli), Kilis (Central province) (Fig. 4). 6 specimens. Biological note: Adults were collected at the end of April and at the beginning of June. They were taken on Centaurea sp., Pinus sp. and also on weeds. C. Subfamily: Cyminae Stal 1. Genus: Cymus H. 1. Cymus claviculus (Fn.) Material studied: Antalya (Central province-söğüt, Finike, Kaş), Bartın (Ulus), İçel (Çamlıyayla), Kahramanmaraş (Andırın) (Fig. 4). 11 specimens. Occurrence: Occasionally. Biological note: Adults were collected from the end of April to the beginning of August. They were taken on Echinops viscosus bithynicus, Inula sp., Juncus sp., Triticum sp. and also on weeds.

8 2. Cymus glandicolor H. Material studied: Ankara (Elmadağ), Antalya (Central province-saklıkent, Kaş), Bartın (Ulus), Kahramanmaraş (Göksun), Kırşehir (Central province), Osmaniye (Zorkun), Yozgat (Boğazlıyan) (Fig. 5). 65 specimens. Occurrence: Common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the beginning of May to the middle of August. They were taken on Juncus sp., Medicago sativa and on weeds. Cymus glandicolor g Cymus melanocephalus Figure 5. Distribution of the species of Cymus glandicolor and C. melanocephalus. 3. Cymus melanocephalus Fieb. Material studied: Adana (Karataş, Saimbeyli, Tufanbeyli), Ankara (Central province), Antalya (Alanya, Central province-saklıkent, Elmalı, Finike, Kale, Kaş, Korkuteli, Manavgat), Bartın (Ulus), Bolu (Akçakoca, Mengen), Gaziantep (Central province, Nizip, Yavuzeli), Hatay (Dörtyol, Kırıkhan), İçel (Central province, Çamlıyayla, Erdemli- Arslanköy, Silifke, Tarsus), Kahramanmaraş (Central province, Afşin, Ahır Mountain, Andırın, Elbistan, Göksun, Türkoğlu), Kastamonu (Cide), Kayseri (Himmetdede), Kırşehir (Central province, Hirfanlı Dam, Kaman, Mucur), Konya (Beyşehir), Nevşehir (Hacıbektaş, Ürgüp), Niğde (Ulukışla), Sinop (Central province, Boyabat), Yozgat (Boğazlıyan), Zonguldak (Çaycuma, Ereğli) (Fig. 5). 439 specimens. Occurrence: Very common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the beginning of April to the end of August. They were taken on Cistus sp., Cupressus sp., Gossypium sp., Inula sp., Juncus sp., Medicago sativa, Phragmites sp., Quercus sp., Rubus sp., Tamarix sp., Trifolium sp., Triticum sp., Verbascum sp., leguminous plants, weeds and by the aerial collector.

9 D. Subfamily:Geocorinae Stal 1. Genus: Geocoris Fn. 1. Geocoris arenarius (Jak.) Material studied: Antalya (Alanya, Central province-saklıkent, Kaş, Serik), Hatay (Altınözü, Hassa, Yayladağı), İçel (Anamur, Aydıncık, Çamlıyayla, Gülnar, Silifke), Kahramanmaraş (Andırın), Karaman (Central province), Konya (Ereğli) (Fig. 6). 35 specimens. Occurrence: Nearly common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the end of April to the first week of August on Cirsium sp., Inula sp., Lens esculenta, Medicago maritima, Mentha sp., Quercus sp., Sinapis sp.,tamarix sp.,verbascum sp.,weeds, on the ground and by the aerial collector. 2. Geocoris ater (F.) Material studied: Aksaray (Central province), Antalya (Akseki, Elmalı, Güllük Mountain, Gündoğmuş, Side), Çorum (Central province, İskilip), Gaziantep (İslahiye), Hatay (Hassa, Samandağ), İçel (Anamur, Aydıncık, Gülnar, Silifke -Kırobası, -Ovacık), Kahramanmaraş (Andırın, Göksun, Nurhak Mountain, Türkoğlu), Kastamonu (Central province), Kayseri (Yeşilhisar), Konya (Central province), Nevşehir (Derinkuyu, Ürgüp), Niğde (Çamardı), Sinop (Boyabat), Yozgat (Çekerek) (Fig. 6). 73 specimens. Occurrence: Common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the mid of April to the mid of August. They were taken on Arbutus sp., Berberis sp., Cedrus sp., Convolvulus sp., Juncus sp., Medicago maritimus, M. minima, Onopordum sp., Salix sp., Verbascum sp., weeds, on the ground and under stone. 3. Geocoris chloroticus Pt. Material studied: Hatay (Hassa), İçel (Anamur), Kahramanmaraş (Afşin, Andırın, Göksun, Türkoğlu), Kilis (Central province) (Fig. 6). 31 specimens. Occurrence: Nearly common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the first week of June to the first week of July on weeds, on the ground and by aerial collector. 4. Geocoris megacephalus (R.) Material studied: Aksaray (Central province), Antalya (Elmalı), İçel (Anamur, Mut, Silifke), Kahramanmaraş (Türkoğlu), Kayseri (Yılanlıdağ), Nevşehir (Ürgüp), Niğde (Çamardı) (Fig. 7). 22 specimens. Occurrence: Occasionally. Biological note: Adults were collected from the beginning of April to the mid of August. They were taken on Astragalus sp., Cirsium sp., Trifolium sp., Verbascum sp., weeds and on the ground. 5. Geocoris pallidipennis (C.)

10 Material studied: İçel (Central province, Çamlıyayla, Silifke), Kahramanmaraş (Türkoğlu), Kayseri (Erciyes Mountain), Niğde (Çamardı) (Fig. 7). 13 specimens. Occurrence: Nearly common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the end of May to the first part of July on Astragalus sp., Trifolium sp. and on the ground. 2. Genus: Piocoris Stal 1. Piocoris erythrocephalus (P.S.) Material studied: Adana (Central province, Ceyhan, Feke, Gavur Mountain, Karaisalı, Kozan, Pozantı, Saimbeyli, Yumurtalık), Ankara (Çubuk, Kurtboğazı, Nallıhan), Antalya (Central province-sinan, Elmalı, Finike, Gazipaşa, Gündoğmuş, Kaş, Kemer, Kumluca- Mavikent, Korkuteli, Manavgat), Bartın (Central province), Bolu (Akçakoca, Düzce, Mengen), Çankırı (Eskipazar, Kurşunlu, Şabanözü), Çorum (Bayat, Central province, İskilip, Kargı), Eskişehir (Central province), Gaziantep (Araban, Oğuzeli), Hatay (Altınözü, Central province, Dörtyol, Hassa, İskendurun-Arsuz, -Soğukoluk, Kırıkhan, Samandağ, Yayladağı), İçel (Anamur, Aydıncık, Çamlıyayla-Cehennemdere, -Gözne, Erdemli-Arslanköy, Gülnar, Mersin, Mut, Silifke-Ovacık, Tarsus), Kahramanmaraş (Afşin, Ahır Mountain, Andırın, Elbistan, Göksun, Nurhak Mountain, Pazarcık), Karabük (Central province, Safranbolu), Karaman (Central province, Ermenek), Kastamonu (Tosya, Taşköprü, Araç), Kayseri (Erciyes Mountain, Central province, Yılanlıdağ, Pınarbaşı, Yeşilhisar), Kırşehir (Central province), Kilis (Central province), Konya (Akşehir, Beyşehir, Ereğli, Karapınar, Seydişehir), Nevşehir (Gülşehir, Göreme, Ürgüp), Niğde (Çamardı, Ulukışla), Osmaniye (Bahçe, Düziçi, Kadirli- Karatepe, Zorkun), Yozgat (Çekerek), Zonguldak (Çaycuma, Ereğli) (Fig. 7). 567 specimens. Occurrence: Very common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the beginning of April to the end of August.They were taken on Althaea sp., Anchusa sp., Astragalus sp., Ballota sp., Cannabis sp., Centaurea sp., Cirsium sp., Cistus sp., Crateagus sp., Daucus sp., Fagus sp., Glychirrizza glabra, Inula sp., Juglans regia, Juniperus sp., Lathyrus sp., Medicago sativa, Mentha sp., Olea europea, Onopordum sp., Pinus sp., Phaseolus vulgaris, Pistacia vera, Pyrus angustifolia, P. malus, Populus sp., Prunus armeniaca, Punica granatum, Quercus sp., Rhus sp., Rosa sp., Rubus sp., Salix sp., Salvia sp., Sesamum indicum, Sinapis sp., Spinacia oleracea, Tamarix sp., Urtica sp., Verbascum sp., Veronica sp., Vitex agnus-castus, poaceous and umbelliferaeous plants, weeds, on the ground and by light trap.

11 Geocoris arenarius g Geocoris ater s Geocoris chloroticus Figure 6. Distribution of the species of Geocoris arenarius, G. ater and G. chloroticus. Geocoris megacephalus s Geocoris pallidipennis Piocoris erythrocephalus g Piocoris luridus Figure 7. Distribution of the species of Geocoris megacephalus, G. pallidipennis, Piocoris erythrocephalus and P. luridus.

12 2. Piocoris luridus (Fieb.) Material studied: Adana (Gavur Mountain, Karaisalı), Gaziantep (Araban, Nizip, Oğuzeli, Yavuzeli), İçel (Mut), Hatay (Hassa), Kahramanmaraş (Andırın, Central province, Göksun, Pazarcık, Türkoğlu), Karaman (Ermenek), Kilis (Central province), Osmaniye (Central province) (Fig. 7). 82 specimens. Occurrence: Common. Biological note: They were collected from the second part of April to the end of July, on Amygdalus communis, Armeniaca vulgaris, Cedrus sp.,centaurea sp., Ligustrum sp., Matricaria sp., Pistacia vera, Platanus orientalis, Prunus domestica, Punica granatum, Quercus sp., Rubus sp., Salix sp., Sinapis sp., Spinacia oleracea, Tamarix sp., Ulmus sp., Urtica sp., Verbascum sp., Viburnum sp., umbelliferous plants, weeds and by aerial collector. Engistus salinus s Henestaris cremeus Henestaris halophilus g Henestaris kareli Henestaris laticeps Figure 8. Distribution of the species of Engistus salinus, H. cremeus, Henestaris halophilus, H. kareli and H. laticeps. E. Subfamily: Henestarinae Stal 1. Genus: Engistus Fieb. 1. Engistus salinus Jak. Material studied: Çorum (Alaca, Bayat) (Fig. 8). 2 specimens. Biological note: The adults were collected at the first week of August on weeds and Rosa sp.

13 2.Genus: Henestaris Spin. 1. Henestaris cremeus Kir. Material studied: Adana (Karataş), Antalya (Finike), İçel (Çamlıyayla, Tarsus) (Fig. 8). 6 specimens. Occurrence: Occasionally. Biological note: The adults were collected at the beginning of May and in July on Juncus sp., poaceous plants and on the ground. 2. Henestaris halophilus (Bm.) Material studied: Antalya (Kale) (Fig. 8). 1 specimen. Biological note: The adult was collected at the first week of April on weeds. 3. Henestaris kareli Hob. Material studied: Çorum (Sungurlu), Yozgat (Çekerek) (Fig. 8). 3 specimens. Biological note: They were collected at the first week of August on Onopordum sp. and weeds. 4. Henestaris laticeps (Ct.) Material studied: Antalya (Kekova) (Fig. 8). 1 specimen. Biological note: The adult was collected at the end of July on the ground. F. Subfamily: Heterogastrinae Stal 1. Genus: Heterogaster Schl. 1. Heterogaster affinis (H.-S.) Material studied: Ankara (Ayaş), Çankırı (Ilgaz Mountain), Kayseri (Yılanlıdağ), Nevşehir (Avanos, Ürgüp), Zonguldak (Çaycuma) (Fig. 9). 8 specimens. Occurrence: Occasionally. Biological note: The adults were collected from the first part of July to the mid of August on Pyrus elaeagnifolia, Pinus sp., Tamarix sp., Ulmus sp., Urtica sp. and weeds. 2. Heterogaster artemisiae Schl. Material studied: Adana (Pozantı, Tufanbeyli-Gezbeli), Antalya (Central province- Saklıkent, -Söğüt, Korkuteli), İçel (Çamlıyayla-Cehennemdere), Kahramanmaraş (Andırın, Göksun), Kastamonu (Taşköprü), Osmaniye (Zorkun) (Fig. 9). 41 specimens. Occurrence: Common. Biological note: They were collected from the end of April to the end of July on Armeniaca vulgaris, Cedrus sp., Juniperus sp., Lonicera sp., Mentha sp., Rhus sp., Rumex sp., Salvia sp., Scrophularia sp., weeds, on the ground, under detritus and by aerial collector. 3. Heterogaster cathariae (G.) Material studied: Adana (Pozantı), İçel (Silifke) (Fig. 9). 3 specimens.

14 Biological note: They were collected at the end of May and at the beginning of June on Sambucus sp. and by aerial collector. Heterogaster affinis g Heterogaster artemisiae s Heterogaster cathariae Figure 9. Distribution of the species of Heterogaster affinis, H. artemisiae and H. cathariae. 4. Heterogaster urticae (F.) Material studied: Aksaray (Central province), Antalya (Central province-saklıkent, Manavgat), Bartın (Amasra), Bolu (Central province), Gaziantep (Oğuzeli), Hatay (Hassa, İskenderun, Kırıkhan), İçel (Erdemli -Güzeloluk, Mut), Kahramanmaraş (Göksun), Karaman (Ermenek), Kırıkkale (Keskin), Nevşehir (Ürgüp), Osmaniye (Düziçi, Zorkun), Zonguldak (Çaycuma, Filyos) (Fig. 10). 82 specimens. Occurrence: Common. Biological note: Adults were collected from the end of April to the mid of July. They were taken on Armeniaca vulgaris, Laurus sp., Triticum sp., Urtica sp., Verbascum sp., weeds and by aerial collector. 2. Genus: Platyplax Fieb. 1. Platyplax inermis (Rb.) Material studied: Adana (Ceyhan), İçel (Erdemli-Güzeloluk), Kastamonu (Araç) (Fig. 10). 4 specimens. Occurrence: Occasionally. Biological note: They were collected from the end of May to the mid of July on Onopordum sp. and weeds.

15 Heterogaster urticae g Platyplax inermis s Platyplax salviae Figure 10. Distribution of the species of Heterogaster urticae, Platyplax inermis and P. salviae. Kleidocerys truncatulus ericae gkleidocerys truncatulus truncatulus Figure 11. Distribution of the species of Kleidocerys truncatulus ericae and K. truncatulus truncatulus.

16 2. Platyplax salviae (Schl.) Material studied: Antalya (Central province-saklıkent), İçel (Anamur, Çamlıyayla, Erdemli- Güzeloluk, Mut), Karaman (Bucakkışla) (Fig. 10). 53 specimens. Occurrence: Nearly common. Biological note: They were collected from the second part of April to the first week of July, on Salvia sp., Vitis vinifera and weeds. G. Subfamily: Ischnorrhynchinae Stal 1. Genus: Kleidocerys Ww. 1. Kleidocerys truncatulus ericae (Hv.) Material studied: Bartın (Amasra, Ulus), Bolu (Mengen), Karaman (Ermenek), Sinop (Ayancık, Boyabat, Central province, Erfelek), Zonguldak (Central province, Devrek, Ereğli, Filyos) (Fig. 11). 169 specimens. Occurrence: Common. Biological note: The adults collected from the end of April to the third week of July. They were taken on Cistus sp., Cornus sp., Juglans regia, Prunus amygdali, Quercus sp., Rhododendron sp., Rubus sp., Urtica sp., Vicia fabae, weeds and by aerial collector. 2. Kleidocerys truncatulus truncatulus (Wk.) Material studied: Antalya (Güllük Mountain) (Fig. 11). 1 specimen. Biological note: It was collected at the end of July on Cannabis sp. H. Subfamily : Lygaeinae Stal 1. Genus: Arocatus Spin. 1. Arocatus longiceps Stal Material studied: Adana (Feke, Saimbeyli), Ankara (Nallıhan), Antalya (Alanya, Central province-sinan, Finike, Kemer, Kumluca-Olimpus), Bartın (Central province, Ulus), Hatay (Hassa, Yayladağı), İçel (Anamur, Çamlıyayla-Cehennemdere, Erdemli-Arslanköy, Mut, Silifke-Uzuncaburç), Kahramanmaraş (Göksun), Karabük (Safranbolu), Zonguldak (Çaycuma) (Fig. 12). 164 specimens. Occurrence: Common. Biological note: Adults were collected in July. They were taken on different trees such as Juglans sp., Pistacia terebinthus, Platanus orientalis, Rubus sp. and weeds. 2. Arocatus melanocephalus (F.) Material studied: Kahramanmaraş (Andırın), Karaman (Ermenek) (Fig. 12). 5 specimens. Occurrence: Occasionally. Biological note: Specimens were collected in April on Quercus sp., Styrax sp. and understone. 3. Arocatus roeseli (Schl.) Material studied: Ankara (Nallıhan) (Fig. 12). Only 1 specimen. Biological note: This single specimen was taken on Pistacia terebinthus in July.

17 Arocatus longiceps garocatus melanocephalus s Arocatus roeseli Figure 12. Distribution of the species of Arocatus longiceps, A. melanocephalus and A. roeseli. s Apterola pedestris g Apterola rubicunda Caenocoris nerii Figure 13. Distribution of the species of Apterola pedestris, A.rubicunda and Caenocoris nerii.

18 2. Genus : Apterola Ms. & Rey 1. Apterola pedestris Stal Material studied: İçel (Gülnar) (Fig. 13). Only 1 specimen. Biological note: This single specimen was taken on the ground in the mid of April. 2. Apterola rubicunda Stal Material studied: Gaziantep (Nizip, Oğuzeli), Kahramanmaraş (Nurhak Mountain) (Fig. 13). 5 specimens. Occurrence : Occasionally. Biological note: Adults were collected from mid of June up to mid of July. They were taken on weeds and also understone. s Lygaeosoma anatolicum glygaeosoma erythropterum Lygaeosoma reticulatum Figure 14. Distribution of the species of Lygaeosoma anatolicum, L. erythropterum and L. reticulatum. 3. Genus : Caenocoris Fieb. 1. Caenocoris nerii (Gm.) Material studied:adana (Kozan, Saimbeyli), Antalya (Gazipaşa, Manavgat, Serik), İçel (Anamur, Gülnar, Erdemli-Güzeloluk, Mut, Tarsus) (Fig. 13). 24 specimens. Occurrence: Common. Biological note: Specimens were collected from mid of April up to the beginning of July. They were taken on Cedrus sp., Fraxinus sp., Nerium oleander, Styrax sp. and Tamarix sp. 4. Genus : Lygaeosoma Spin. 1. Lygaeosoma anatolicum Seid. Material studied: Kırıkkale (Keskin), Konya (Ereğli) (Fig. 14). 2 specimens. Biological note: They were collected from the end of June to the beginning of July. They were taken on Prunus persica and Verbascum sp.

19 2. Lygaeosoma erythropterum Pt. Material studied: Antalya (Kaş-Kekova), İçel (Çamlıyayla-Cehennemdere, Gülnar, Tarsus), Kahramanmaraş (Andırın) (Fig. 14). 11 specimens. Occurrence: Occasionally. Biological note: Adults were collected from the end of April up to the first week of August. They were taken on Cedrus sp., on the ground, understone and by aerial collector. 3. Lygaeosoma reticulatum (H.-S.) Material studied: Adana (Tufanbeyli), Aksaray (Ihlara Valley), Ankara (Central province), Antalya (Elmalı), Çankırı (Central province), Çorum (Alaca), Gaziantep (İslahiye), Hatay (Hassa), İçel (Çamlıyayla-Cehennemdere, Erdemli-Fındıkpınarı, Gülnar, Silifke-Kırobası), Karaman (Bucakkışla), Kayseri (Erciyes Mountain), Kırıkkale (Keskin), Kırşehir (Hirfanlı Dam, Kaman), Kilis (Central province), Konya (Central province), Osmaniye (Zorkun), Yozgat (Çekerek) (Fig. 14). 47 specimens. Occurrence: Common. Biological note: Specimens were collected from the end of April up to the beginning of August. They were taken on Acer sp., Astragalus sp., Centaurea sp., Juniperus sp., Onopordum sp., Quercus sp., Verbascum sp., weeds, detritus, understone and by aerial collector. Lygaeus creticus g Lygaeus equestris Figure 15. Distribution of the species of Lygaeus creticus and L. equestris. 5. Genus: Lygaeus F. 1. Lygaeus creticus Lc. Material studied: Adana (Karaisalı, Karataş, Kozan), Antalya (Central province-saklıkent- Sinan, Kaş, Kemer, Korkuteli, Manavgat, Serik), Gaziantep (Central province), Hatay (Central province, Hassa), İçel (Gülnar, Mut), Konya (Seydişehir) (Fig. 15). 38 specimens. Occurrence: Nearly common.