yaşamalarını ve ileriye yönelik kendi aralarında bir dayanışmayı oluşturmalarını hedefledik.

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1 ÖNSÖZ İlk kez 1994 yılında düzenlenmeye başlayan ve Türkiye de Kimya Mühendisliği camiasını en geniş yelpazede biraraya getiren Ulusal Kimya Mühendisliği Kongresi nin altıncısının ev sahipliğini Ege Üniversitesi Kimya Mühendisliği Bölümü olarak üstlenmekten duyduğumuz memnuniyet ve onuru belirtmek isterim. Ulusal Kimya Mühendisliği Kongreleri bugüne kadar her iki yılda bir aşağıdaki kronolojik sıraya göre farklı üniversitelerin Kimya Mühendisliği Bölümleri tarafından başarıyla düzenlenmiştir. UKMK Eylül, 1994 ODTÜ-Ankara UKMK Eylül, 1996 İTÜ-İstanbul UKMK Eylül, 1998 Atatürk Üniversitesi - Erzurum UKMK Eylül, 2000 İstanbul Üniversitesi - İstanbul UKMK Eylül, 2002 Ankara Üniversitesi - Ankara Üniversitelerin Kimya Mühendisliği bölümlerinde çalışan akademisyenlerin, araştırma merkezlerinde Kimya Mühendisliği alanında faaliyetlerini sürdüren araştırmacıların ve kimya sanayiinin değerli mensuplarının biraraya gelerek yaptıkları araştırma, çalışma ve faaliyetlerini sunmaları, fikir alışverişinde bulunarak bilimsel bir ortamı paylaşmaları için bulunmaz bir fırsat olan bu en kapsamlı Kimya Mühendisliği toplantısı çalışmalarımıza yeni boyutlar katmamızı sağlamaktadır. 200 sözlü ve 120 poster sununun yapılacağı ve kendi konularında uluslararası düzeyde tanınan ve kimya mühendisliği bölümlerinde kitapları dünya çapında okutulan dört davetli konuşmacının yer aldığı kongremizin bilimsel düzeyinin yükseldiğini görmek hepimizi sevindirmektedir. Bunun yanısıra, Türkiyede ki Kimya Sanayinin Bugünü ve Yarını ve Dünyada Kimya Sanayinin Gelişimi Doğrultusunda Kimya Mühendisliği Eğitiminin Bugünü ve Yarını isimli kongre paneli ile dünyadaki ve ülkemizdeki gelişmelerin gerek kimya sanayiine ve gerekse kimya mühendisliği eğitimine yansımalarını sorgulayarak tartışmaların boyutunu genişletme fırsatı bulacağız. Bu kongrede de beşinci kongrede başlatılan lisans öğrencilerinin bitirme proje çalışmalarının sunumlarıyla katılma geleneğini sürdürdük ve bu kapsamda 33 çalışmanın sunulması için öğrencilererimize imkan ve destek sağladık. Ayrıca Kimya Mühendisliği Bölümlerinin Lisans öğrencilerinin temsilcilerinin kongreye dinleyici olarak katılmalarına zemin hazırlayarak onların şimdiden bu bilimsel atmosferi

2 yaşamalarını ve ileriye yönelik kendi aralarında bir dayanışmayı oluşturmalarını hedefledik. Bilindiği gibi Kimya Mühendisliği, dünyadaki sanayileşme ve gelişme süreci içinde insanların hayatını kolaylaştırmak için ortaya çıkan değişik gereksinimlere kısıtlı kaynakları en iyi şekilde değerlendirip yeni ve ucuz ürünleri ve enerjiyi en verimli şekilde kullanan süreçleri tasarlayarak sürdürülebilir olmayan uygulamalardan kaçınarak ve bunları engelllemeye çalışarak en çabuk yanıt verebilen daldır. Mesleğimizin bu özelliği üniversitelerimizde, araştırma merkezlerinde yapılan çalışmaları etkilemekte ve kongre kapsamında sunulan 6 konu başlığında, Kimyasal Teknolojiler Proses ve Sistem Mühendisliği Reaksiyon Mühendisliği Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Çevre Teknolojileri Taşınım Olayları ve Ayırım İşlemleri Yeni Malzemeler ve Nanoteknolojiler sunulan sözel ve poster bildiriler kimya mühendisliği mesleğinin misyonunu ve dinamik davranışını yansıtmaktadır. Aşağıdaki grafikte Kimya Mühendisliği Kongreleri boyunca her kongrede sunulan bildirilerin konulara göre dağılımı görülmektedir. Geçmiş kongrelerde olduğu gibi bu kongrede de çalışmalar, öncelikle Kimyasal Teknolojiler alanında yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu kongrede göze çarpan hususlardan birisi de Avrupa Birliği 6.Çerçeve Programı nın öncelikli temalarından olan Nanoteknolojiler ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma konularında yapılan çalışmaların azımsanmayacak sayılarıdır. Kongremizin düzenlenmesinde verdikleri destek ve katkılarından dolayı, başta Rektörümüz Prof.Dr.Ülkü Bayındır olmak üzere Ege Üniversitesi Rektörlüğüne, Mühendislik Fakültesi Dekanlığına, TÜBİTAK a, Ege Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Merkezi ne, Kongremiz Düzenleme Kurulu na, Kimya Mühendisliği Bölüm Başkanlıkları na, Ege Bölgesi Kimya Mühendisleri Odası na, kongremize sözlü ve poster sunularıyla katkıda bulunan bütün akademisyen ve araştırmacı meslektaşlarımıza, çalışmaları değerlendiren bilimsel değerlendirme kuruluna, panelistlerimize, davetli konuşmacılarımıza, kongre hazırlığında emeği geçen bölüm öğretim üyelerimize,

3 araştırma görevlilerimize ve personelimize teşekkür ederim. Kongrenin yapılması için maddi desteklerini esirgemeyen sanayi kuruluşlarına İZSU ve IZTO ya ayrıca teşekkür ederim. Kongremizin başarılı geçmesini, sadece Kimya Mühendisliği camiasına değil, ülkemize de katkıda bulunmasını temenni eder, saygılar sunarım. Prof.Dr. Süheyda Atalay UKMK-6 Düzenleme Kurulu Başkanı Konulara Göre Bildiri Sayıları UKMK-1 UKMK-2 UKMK-3 UKMK-4 UKMK-5 UKMK-6 Bildiri Sayıları B ÇAD EAG KT PSM RM SKÇT T TOA YMN KME TKS Konu Başlıkları B ÇAD EAG KT PSM RM SKÇT T TOA YMN KME TKS : Biyoteknoloji : Çevre ve Atık Değerlendirme : Endüstride Ar-Ge : Kimyasal Teknolojiler : Proses Sistem Mühendisliği : Reaksiyon Mühendisliği ve Katalizörler : Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Çevre Teknolojileri : Termodinamik ve Isı Aktarımı : Taşınım Olayları ve Ayırma İşlemleri : Yeni Malzemeler ve Nanoteknolojiler : Kimya Mühendisliği Eğitimi : Türkiye de Kimya Sanayi

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5 ÇAĞRILI KONUŞMACILAR

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7 Kinetic Modeling of Complex Catalytic Processes. G.F.Froment Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A & M University, College Station, Tx ,USA The feedstocks processed in petroleum refining and in many petrochemical operations generally consist of homologous series of hydrocarbon families like paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics. These series each contain a large number of components, extending in a typical vacuum gas oil e.g. from C15 to C33.Each of these components leads to complicated reaction pathways. Because of this complexity, but also because of incomplete chemical analysis, the kinetic modeling of these processes was based until recently upon reduced networks consisting of a small number of reactions between pseudo-components or lumps, defined more by physical than by chemical properties. The rate coefficients of such models depend on the feed composition, so that extensive and costly experimentation is required when the feedstock is changed. As the feedstocks evolve towards greater complexity and as operational criteria become more severe the reaction model has to be more realistic, contain more lumps and more rate parameters... Where is the limit? Is this really the way to go? The approach taken in the presentation is totally different. The model retains the full detail of the reaction pathways of the individual feed components and reaction intermediates. It is expressed in terms of elementary steps, e.g. on acid catalysts: the shift of a methyl group or the scission of a C-C-bond. These steps only involve moieties of the molecule and can occur in various positions of one and the same molecule. The number of types of elementary steps which are possible for hydrocarbons reacting on a given catalyst is much smaller than the number of molecules in the reacting mixture. Assigning a unique rate coefficient to a certain type of elementary step would be an excessive simplification, however: the structure of reactant and product also contributes to the value of the rate coefficient. The reduction of the number of parameters to a tractable level is possible only through a fundamental modeling of the rate coefficient itself, based upon transition state theory and statistical thermodynamics and accounting for the evolution of the potential energy. Such an approach leads to parameter values which are invariant with respect to the feedstock composition and has become possible through the computer generation of the network of elementary steps and the availability of advanced quantum chemical software. More specifically the talk deals with the kinetic modeling of processes catalyzed by acids and involving carbenium- and carbonium ions. Industrial examples are: catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, alkylation, isomerization and the conversion of methanol into olefins In certain cases (catalytic reforming, hydrocracking) the acid catalysts are loaded with metals which have a (de)hydrogenation function and produce olefinic intermediates which are more reactive on the acid sites than the saturated compounds. That does not affect the approach because the metal content is sufficiently high to ensure that the rate determining step is still associated with steps occurring on the acid sites of the catalyst. This permits an entirely general kinetic approach, applicable to all the processes mentioned above. The approach will be illustrated by means of the Methanol-to-Olefins process, that permits the full application of the concepts advocated here. After that a process with complex feedstock, like the catalytic cracking of oil fractions will be dealt with

8 Numerical Problem Solving in Chemical Engineering Mordechai Shacham 1 Chemical Engineering Department Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel The widespread use of personal computers has led to the development of variety of tools that can be utilized in the solution of engineering problems. These include mathematical software packages such as Polymath 2, MATLAB 3 and spreadsheets like Excel 4. The introduction of interactive numerical software packages brought about a major change in chemical engineering calculations. Using those packages the student s and the practicing engineer s main tasks are to set up the model equations and critically analyze the results. The interactive program provides accurate solutions to these equations in a short time, displaying the results in graphical and numerical forms. Numerical problem solving, using interactive software packages, has many benefits over traditional problem solving techniques, including: 1. Enabling solution of realistic problems without spending time on the technical details of the solution; 2. The detection and correction misconceptions and erroneous results due to oversimplification 3. Providing better indication to the precision of the solution 4. Providing clear and precise documentation of the mathematical model and the results. In the presentation, these benefits will be demonstrated using particular examples. The application of numerical problem solving in the traditional chemical engineering courses is demonstrated in the textbook of Cutlip and Shacham (1999, Problem Solving In Chemical Engineering with Numerical Methods, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey). We have recently applied this approach to problems related to process safety, environmental engineering and biotechnology. In the presentation a few examples of such applications will be provided. Putting the emphasis on "numerical problem solving" requires a major revision of the traditional engineering "programming" course. We have developed a new introductory course for modeling and computation, with main emphasis on computer based problem solving. Advanced features for enhancing learning effectiveness included in the course includes the use of real life engineering problems as starting points for learning new material and multi-stage problems, where the problem difficulty and the complexity of the computational tool are gradually increased. The programming assignments involve mainly modification of examples. Self-grading with an immediate feedback ensures mastery level completion of the assignments. This course has proven to be very successful in enabling the students to select the software package most appropriate for a particular need and to use three mathematical software packages with a wide range of capabilities for computer based problem solving. In the presentation this new course will be briefly reviewed. The course material is available at: 1 shacham@bgu.ac.il 2 copyrighted by M. Shacham, M. B. Cutlip and M. Elly, 3 trademark of The Math Works, Inc., 4 trademark of Microsoft Corporation,

9 Ecological Aspects in Polymer Flame Retardancy G. E. Zaikov and S.M. Lomakin Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame retardants. There are obvious benefits in using flame retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. A number of factors govern the selection of the type of flame retardant to be used in a specific application. Some of these are the flammability of the matrix, processing and performance requirements, chemical properties and possible hazards to human and environmental health. Exposure of the general population to flame retardants can occur via inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion. Potential sources of exposure are consumer products, manufacturing/disposal facilities and environmental media (including food intake). The same routes are possible for occupational exposure, mainly during production, processing, transportation and disposal/recycling of the flame retardants or the treated products. Occupational exposure to the breakdown products may also occur during fire fighting. As several of the compounds used are lipophilic and persistent, they may bioaccumulate. Some of the compounds have been shown to cause organ damage, genotoxic effects and cancer. There is also concern for occupational health and environmental effects from combustion/pyrolysis products, especially the polyhalogenated dibenzofurans and dibenzo- p-dioxins, from some organic flame retardants. Other breakdown products also need to be taken into account. The properties of a number of flame retardants make them persistent and/or bioaccumulative, and they may therefore pose hazards to the environment. Some of the compounds that have been evaluated so far (polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and chlorinated paraffins) have been found to belong to this group. Some of these have therefore been recommended to not be used. Several countries have developed regulations affecting the production, use and disposal of flame retardants. Some include restrictions on the use of compounds because of potential toxic effects in humans. The creation of new ecologically-safe flame retardants is the dynamically developed area of the science about new polymer materials. Several new trends in modern flame retardancy will be discussed. Among them the polymer nanocomposites and preceramic additives presents a new view in material chemistry. The polymer blends (i.e., multifunctional compositions of polymers) open a new way in polymer design in order to provide materials with desired combustibility.

10 TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION Yunus. A. Çengel Department of Mechanical Engineering, MS 312 University of Nevada, Reno NV USA ABSTRACT Technological advances and innovations in recent decades has revolutionized our way of life and raised its quality to new highs, and engineers have played a major role in this change. Engineering is a dynamic discipline, and change is in the very nature of it. Engineering education should follow pace to remain responsive to the needs of the changing world in order to avoid being outdated, and the changes in workplace should make their way into the classrooms. This requires the engineering education leaders to follow the trends in the workplace and society, and to implement changes in curricula as needed in a dynamic environment. Systematic follow-up, evaluation, and implementation of changes to make engineering education more relevant to real-world are also important aspects of ABET 2000 criteria. Not long ago, sciences and engineering consisted of discrete disciplines, each discipline with a specific application area. Scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs were also mostly discipline specific stand-alones. But it appears that the days of simple problems in specific areas with simple solutions are becoming the things of the past. The problems we are likely to face in the 21 st century will be multidisciplinary, and most technological innovations will come from the solutions of such problems. So it comes as no surprise that in recent years we are witnessing the convergence of traditional disciplines into new multidisciplinary programs such nanotechnology and biotechnology. Engineers need to be equipped with the essential skills to function in this interdisciplinary environment effectively, and thus acquiring a broad background and working in multidisciplinary teams of students are becoming essential features of engineering education. In tomorrow s highly technological world, engineers will likely spend more of their time in explaining new technologies to a diverse group of skeptical audience such as consumers, business groups, legislators, and even the media, and answering questions on technical, economical, social, environmental, and ethical implications. Therefore, it is becoming more and more important to acquire good communication skills, and to develop a strong awareness of social, environmental, and ethical aspects of engineering work. The ultimate goal of engineering is to serve people and to make the world a better place to live. Yet a common misconception of engineering as a profession and a major reason for its lack of appeal to a diverse group of people is that engineering is often viewed as a profession with little relevance to society. This perception prevents most people, especially women, who value working with and for people, from considering engineering as a career. If engineering is to have a much broader appeal in the future, liberal arts will have to have a much stronger presence in engineering education. In this paper I examine trends and challenges in engineering education, and propose ways to make engineering education more appealing to young people, and to make engineering a people-oriented profession. I also describe some recently established nontraditional engineering programs, and their prospect to set new trends.