Present Continuous Nedir? 1 Onaylayan admin Perþembe, 07 Eylül 2006 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1.1 Form Of Simple Present Tense a) Affirmative (Positive) Sentences am,is,are + -ing I am eating hamburger am having breakfast am playing football HE SHE IT is eating hamburger Ýs having breakfast is playing football YOU WE THEY are eating hamburger are having breakfast are playing football Sam is working at this office right now. The children are playing in the garden at the moment. We are watching TV now. My father is drinking coffee right now. She is cooking lunch in the kitchen now. I am practicing my English at the moment. b) Negative Sentences I am not eating hamburger am not having breakfast am not playing football HE SHE IT is not eating hamburger Ýs not having breakfast is not playing football YOU WE THEY are not eating hamburger are not having breakfast are not playing football
Present Continuous tense olumsuz yapýsýnda, BE (am, is, are) yardýmcý fiilinden sonar ana fiilin önüne NOT eklenir. Robert is not studying at the moment. (Robert isn t studying at the moment.) The baby is not sleeping now (The baby isn t sleeping now) They are not listening to music. (They aren t listening to music) I am not dancing. (I m not dancing) She is not writing a letter at the moment. (She isn t writing a letter at the moment.) My mother is not making a cake today. (My mother isn t making a cake today) We are not working today. It s holiday. (We aren t working today. It s holiday.) c) Question Sentences Am I Is he /she/ it Are we you they Soru cümlelerinde, AM, IS, ARE yardýmcý fiilleri cümlenin baþýnda kullanýlýr Ana fiile ING takýsý eklenir. Is Jane sleeping in her room? Are the students studying in the library? Am I playing well? Is the boss speaking on the phone at the moment? Are you going to the supermarket? Is the secretary typing the letters right now? 1.2 Spelling Of Final ing ANA FÝÝL BÝTÝÞÝ ------- -ING TAKISI KURAL 1: Bir sessiz harf + -e ----------- -e düþer ve ing eklenir. dance ----------- dancing ride ----------- riding take ----------- taking KURAL 2: Bir sesli + Bir sessiz haff ----------- Sessiz harf çift yazýlýr ve ing eklenir. cut ----------- cutting
plan ----------- planning run ----------- running NOTE: w,y, ve x harfleri çift yazýlmaz. snow --------- snowing fix --------- fixing pay --------- paying KURAL 3: Ýki sesli + bir sessiz harf ---------- ing eklenir; sessiz harf çift yazýlmaz keep --------- keeping read --------- reading KURAL 4: Ýki sessiz harf -------- ing eklenir; sessiz harf çift yazýlmaz sing--------- singing wash ------ washing 1.3 Use Of Present Continuous Tense Present continuous þu alanlarda kullanýlýr; a) Ýçinde bulunduðumuz anda (konuþma anýnda) gerçekleþmekte olan ya da olmayan eylemlerden bahsederken, You are using the Internet and you are studying grammar at the moment. My father is in the garage now. He is fixing the car. Mr. Taylor is painting the walls of his house right now. You are not swimming now. The children are watching television at present. What are you doing right now? Are you sleeping? Look! It s snowing again. Shhhh! Your father is sleeping. Don t disturb him. b) Ýngilizce de now kelimesi þu an, bugün,bu ay,bu yýl,bu yüzyýl gibi birçok anlam verebilir. Bazen þu anda aktif olarak yapmýyor olsak bile, süreç olarak içinde bulunduðumuz eylemlerden bahsederken Present Continuous kullanýrýz. Örneðin karate öðreniyorum diyen bir kiþinin, konuþurken karate yapmasý beklenemez. I am reading the book War and Peace now. Are you working on any special project at the company at the moment. She is eating a lot these days. The government is currently working on a new tax system. c) geçici eylem ve durumlardan bahsederken; He usually listens to classical music, but he is listening to hard rock this evening. She will rent a flat, but for the time being she is staying with her sister. d) "always" "constantly" or forever kelimeleri ile kullanýldýðýnda, Present Continuous Tense rahatsýz edici hoþ olmayan bir eylemden yakýnma anlamý verir. Anlam olarak Simple present tense!i andýrsa de, olumsuz duygu içerir. "always" forever or "constantly" kelimeleri cümlede "be" ve "verb+ing." Arasýnda yer alýrlar. I hate my brother. He is always wearing my shirts without asking me. Mary is always late for work. Someone should warn her. She is constantly speaking. I wish she would shut up. Please change the subject! You are forever talking about your father-in-law. 1.4 COMMON TENSE MARKERS at the moment / now The students are studying in the classroom at the moment / now. at present At present all the farmers in the village are harvesting their crops. for the time being My father will buy a new car soon. For the time being he is using mine. currently UNESCO is currently holding its annual assembly in Paris. While / When While the children are plaing in the garden, I will wash the car. Look!, Listen! Etc. Listen! Somebody is following us.
1.5 Using Present Continuous Tense For Future Present Continuous Tense önceden planlanmýþ gelecek zaman eylemlerinden bahsederken kullanýlýr. Bu yapýdaki gelecek zaman eylemleri kesinlikle yapýlacak olan eylemlerdir. I am meeting some friends after work. We are going to the cinema tonight. Are you coming? I am flying to Istanbul tomorrow morning. Are you visiting your grandparents next week? 1.6 Non-progressive ( Stative) verbs: Verbs which are not used in continuous form. A continuous zaman yapýlarý bir eylemin fiziksel ve görsel olarak yapýldýðýný gösterirler. Dolayýsýyla soyut düþünmek, sevmek anlamak, sahip olmak gibi soyut anlamlý fiiller continuous (be+ -ing) yapýsýnda kullanýlamazlar. Bu fiiler Simple Tense ile ifade edilirler. Örneðin I love you Simple Present tense ile yazýlmasýna raðmen Seni seviyorum diye çevrilir. MENTAL STATE know, realize, understand, recognize believe, feel, suppose, think imagine, doubt, remember, forget want, need, desire, mean EMOTIONAL STATE love, like, appreciate, please, prefer hate, dislike, fear, envy mind,care astonish, surprise, amaze POSSESSION have, belong, possess, own SENSE PERCEPTION taste, smell, hear, feel, see OTHER STATIVE VERBS look, seem, appear, sound, resemble, look like cost, owe, weigh, equal be, exist, matter, consist of, include,contain BU hem Continuous hem de Simple formda kullanýlabilirler. Fakat bu farklý kullaným, anlam farklýlýlýðýna da yol açar. THINK (a) What do you think about the new English teacher? I think he is a nice man! (b) I am thinking about the exam tomorrow. It will be a difficult one. (a) cümleside think, fikir gösteren soyut anlamlý bie fiildir. Kiþilerin belli konularda fikir sahibi olmalarý fiziksel bir durum deðildir. (b) cümlesinde ise think, fiziksel ve görülebilir bir özelliði olan somut bir eylemdir. Örneðin birþey düþündüðünü görerek anladýðý Öyle derin derin ne düþünüyorsun diye sorarýz. Düþünme eylemi fiziksel bir durum olmuþtur. HAVE (c) I have two cats and a dog. Do you have any pets? (d) I am having a nice time in my speaking classes. (c) Örneðinde have fiili sahip olmak anlamýnda asla continuous olarak kullanýlamaz. (d) örneðinde ise have fiili iyi zamamn geçirmek, eylenmek anlamýnda somut bir yapýdadýr. SMELL (e) All flowers smell nice. (f) The little girl is smelling the flowers.
I(e) cümlesinde smell soyut bir eylemdirçiçekler kokma eylemini fiziksel ve görülebilir bir þekilde yapmazlar. Bu bir durumdur. (f) cümlesinde is smell fiili aktif bir anlamdadýr. Küçük kýzýn bu koklama eylemini fiziksel olarak yapmasý görülüp, baþkalarýna da gösterilebilir. 1.7 PRESENT CONTINUOUS vs SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Simple present Tense genel olarak eylemlerin düzenliliðinden bahseder. Bu eylemler genellenebilir ve kalýcý eylemlerdir. Öte yandan Present Continuous tense ise genellikle konuþma anýnda, ya da þimdiki zaman adý verilen zaman dilimnde geliþmekta olan,geçici ve genellenemz eylemlerden bahseder. (a) I usually watch TV in the evening. (b) I am watching TV at the moment. (a) cümlesinde kiþinin muhtemelen her akþam düzenli olarak televizyon seyrettiðini anlayabilirsiniz.cümleye bakarak bu eylem genellenebilir. (b) cümlesinde ise, o kiþinin þu anda televizyon seyrediyor olmasý, kiþinin ayný eylemi dün de yaptýðý, ya da yarý yapacaðý gibi bir sonuç çýkartýlamaz. Present Continuous tense ile anlatýlan eylemler genellnemezler, o ana mahsusturlar. 1.8 AM / IS / ARE BEING + ADJECTIVE Be+ an adjective yapýsý bir durum gösterir.. Jack is happy today. Kathy is beautiful and intelligent. Bazen be + an adjective continuous olarak kullanýlýr. Bu tarz cümleler sadece konuþma anýnda geçerli olan bir niteleme yapar,genellenemez.. Örneðin aþaðýdaki cümlede Tom un kabalýk yapmasý, onun herzaman kaba biri olduðu anlamýnda deðil, o an için yaptýðý eylemin kaba olduðunu göstermek içindir. ADJECTIVES THAT CAN BE USED WITH AM/IS/ARE BEING bad, careful, cruel, fair, foolish, funny, generous good, illogical, impolite, irresponsible, kind, lazy, logical loud, nice, noisy, patient, pleasant, polite, quiet responsible, rude, serious, silly, unfair, unkind, unpleasant Shut up Tom! You shouldn t shout at your mother.you are being very rude. Mary is being very funny today. She must be very happy about the coming holiday. Önemli not: angry, beautiful, handsome, happy, healthy, hungry, lucky, nervous, old,sick, tall, thirsty, young sýfatlarý am/is/are + being yapýsýnda kullanýlamazlar. INCORRECT: My grandmother is being old CORRECT : My grandmother is old.