Water, Wastewater and Waste Management Services in İstanbul Dr. Cevat YAMAN Director of Environmental Protection and Control Department Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 1
Duties of İstanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (İSKİ) To provide drinking water To discharge and treat wastewater To protect water resources İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 2
Key Figures on İstanbul Population served : 13,2 million Total area served : 5.461 km 2 Total number of customers : 5 million Total length of water networks : 17.071 km Total length of sewers : 13.788 km Annual yield of water resources : 1.353.000.000 m 3 /year Average daily water supply to the city : 2.250.000 m 3 /day Volume of Water Reservoirs : 1.435.580 m 3 Budget (2011) : 2 billion 171 million $ Investment (2011) : 969 million $ İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 3
Water Tariff Euro / 1 Customer Group m 3 House 1,27 Commercial 2,71 Industrial 2,82 Rural 0,33 1 Euro = 2,50 TL İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 4
Drinking Water Supply İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 5
Water Demand in Istanbul Years Population (million) Total Annual Water Demand (million m 3 /year) Total Daily Water Demand (million m 3 /day) 1990 6,6 426 1,2 1995 8,4 525 1,4 2000 10,3 615 1,7 2007 12,6 714 1,9 2010 13,3 753 2,1 2020 17,7 1.066 2,9 2030 20,9 1.373 3,8 2040 23,6 1.723 4,7 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 6
Existing Water Resources in İstanbul Population Water Population Water BULGARIAN BORDER % 65 % 40 BLACK SEA % 60 % 35 DÜZCE Almost 100 % of drinking water in Istanbul is provided from surface waters. The area of water resources range from city of Kırklareli in the west to the city of Düzce in the east. 60% of water resources is on the Asian side with 35% of population while 40% is on the European side with 65% of the population. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 7
Yield of Water Resources (million m 3 /year) 620 620 1994 2011 The yield of water resources has increased from 620 million m 3 /year to 1 billion 353 million m 3 /year İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 8
Existing Water Resources Name of the Plant Put into Operation Yield (million m 3 /year) Elmalı I & II Dams 1893 1950 15 Terkos Dam 1883 142 Alibeyköy Dam 1972 36 Ömerli Dam 1972 220 Darlık Dam 1989 97 Büyükçekmece Dam 1989 100 Yeşilvadi Regulator 1992 10 Istrancalar 1995-1997 75 Şile Wells 1996 30 Kazandere Dam 1997 100 Sazlıdere Dam 1998 55 Pabuçdere Dam 2000 60 Yeşilçay Regulator 2004 145 Melen 2007 268 Total 1.353 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 9
Ömerli Dam İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü
Terkos Lake İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 11
Capacity of Water Treatment Plants 1.078.000 m 3 /day 1994 2011 The water treatment capacity has increased from 1 million m 3 /day to 3.7 million m 3 /day in a 16 year period. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 12
milyon m3 Drinking Water Supplied to City According to Years (million m 3 ) 900 800 700 615 639 669 692 709 698 732 714 718 724 778 690 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 10 Months İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 13
Locations of Drinking Water Treatment Plants Tekirdağ B L A C K S E A Taşoluk İkitelli Kağıthane B.Çekmece Elmalı Ömerli S E A O F M A R M A R A Kocaeli Drinking Water Treatment Plants İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 14
İkitelli Drinking Water Treatment Plant 840.000 m 3 /day İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 15
İkitelli Drinking Water Treatment Plant The Plant consists of twelve main units 1- Inlet Structure 2- Aeration Basin 3- Ozone Unit 4- Chemical Unit 5- Clarifier (Settling) Basin 6- Fast Sand Filter 7- Chlorine Contact Tank / Clean Water Tank 8- Chlorination Unit 9- Pumping station 10- Mud Thickening Ponds 11- Mud Dewatering Unit 12- Laboratory İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 16
Melen Project İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 17
Melen Project Black Sea 180 km Kağıthane Melen Dam Marmara Havzası Developed to meet the long-term water need in İstanbul, Melen Project shall provide an annual amount of 1.180.000.000 m 3 /yr of water to fulfill the water requirement until 2040. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 18
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Additional Water Resources Planned S.N Name of the Resource Capacity (million m 3 /year) 1 Melen Project 2nd Stage 307 2 Yeşilçay Project (İsaköy,Sungurlu and Kabakoz) 306 3 Istranca 3th and 4th Stages (Including Mutlu Deresi) 116 4 Additional Reservoir in Lake Terkos 194 5 Desalination Facility 110 Total 1.033
Annual Rainfall Rates in The Last 50 Years in İstanbul from October to September (12 months) İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 20
The Istanbul Water Quality Report 2011 Parameters Turkısh Standarts 2005 FIRST STANDARTS (TURBIDITY) NTU World Health Organization (WHO) US Enviromental Protection Agency Avrupa Birliği (EC) 1998 Büyük Çekmece Gross Alfa 1 0,5-0,1 ---- ---- ------ 21 ---- ---- --- Gross Beta 1 10-1 ---- ---- ------ ---- ---- --- İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü İkitelli FSMH Kağıthane Yıldırım Beyazıt Han Turbidity, NTU 1.0 5.0 1 1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,2 0,4 FIRST STANDARTS (MICROBIOLOGICAL), EMS/100 Ml Coliform Bacteria <1 0 <1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FIRST STANDARTS (ORGANIC CHEMICALS), µ g/l Total Trihalomethane 1000 460 80 100 69,2 26,4 29,2 20,5 29,9 16,1 Bromate 10 10 10 10 -- -- -- -- -- -- FIRST STANDARTS (INORGANIC CHEMICALS), Mg/L Emirli Yavuz Sultan Selim Elmalı Ömerli Muradiye - Orhaniye Aluminium 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0,05 0,05 < 0,05 < 0,05 < 0,05 < 0,06 Arsenic 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 Barium - 0.7 2 ---- 0,03 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,02 0,02 Cadmium 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.005 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 Chromium (Total) 0.05 0.05 1 0.05 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 Flouride 1.5 1.5 2 1.5 0,19 0,07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 Lead 0,010 0,010 0.015 0.010 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Mercurv 0,001 0,001 0,002 0,001 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 Nitrate (NO3) 50 50 45 50 7,42 2,11 1,48 1,44 5,46 2,89 Selenium 0,01 0,01 0,05 0,01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Silver --- 0,10 0,10 - < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,02 Antimon 0,005 0,020 0,006 0,005 < 0,005 < 0,005 < 0,005 < 0,005 < 0,005 < 0,005 Berilium ---- ---- 0.004 ------ < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 FIRST STANDARTS (RADIOACTIVITY), pci/l
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü The Istanbul Water Quality Report 2011 Parameters Turkish Standarts 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) US Enviromental Protection Agency Avrupa Birliği (EC) 1998 Büyük Çekmece İkitelli FSMH Kağıthane Yıldırım Beyazıt Han Emirli Yavuz Sulta n Selim Elmalı Ömerli Muradiy e- Orhaniye SECONDARY STANDARTS, mg/l Chloride 250 250 250 250 42 33 30 33 43 22 Colour (Unit) 20 15 15 ----- 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 Cupper 2 2 1 2 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Iron 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Manganese 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 Odour Treshold Value (br.) ---- Not feel the harm Not feel the harm ------ ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- PH 6.5-9.2 6.5-8.0 6.5-8.5 6.5-9.5 7,3 7,2 6,9 7,0 7,1 6,9 Sulfate 250 500 250 250 76,2 47,6 55,2 12,8 69,7 31,9 Total Dissolved Solids --- 1000 500 ---- 276 189 186 158 205 130 Zinc -- 3 5 ----- < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS, mg/l Calcium --- 300 ---- ------ 67,1 53,9 47,5 43,7 41,6 32,3 Hardness (as CaCO3 ) ---- 500 ---- ------- 217 137 139 136 131 95 Magnesium ---- ---- ---- ---- 13,9 4,0 6,4 4,7 8,3 5,2 Potasium ---- ---- ---- ---- 2,84 1,99 1,93 1,10 2,72 1,69 Sodium 200 200 ---- 200 26,6 13,5 16,2 6,6 25,1 10,2 Residual Chlorine --- 5 4 ---- 1,3 1,4 1,2 1,6 1,3 1,5 Ammonium 0,5 1.5 ---- 0.5 <0,03 <0,03 <0,03 22 <0,03 <0,03 <0,03
Wastewater Collection, Treatment and Disposal İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 23
Location of Wastewater Treatment Plants Tekirdağ BLACK SEA Terkos Kilyos Şile Kumbaba Paşabahçe Ağva Çanta Silivri Baltalimanı Küçüksu Selimpaşa Bahçeşehir B.Çekmece Üsküdar Paşaköy Ambarlı Ataköy K.Çekmece Yenikapı Kadıköy Completed / Biten Ongoing / Devam Eden Planned / Planlanan SEA OF MARMARA Tuzla Kocaeli 24
192 208 211 214 370 556 627 790 865 942 1000 m3/day 1.370 1.755 1.953 2.085 1.984 2.182 2.404 2.725 2.964 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Daily Wastewater Treatment Per Years 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 25
Basic Data on Wastewater Treatment Plants in İstanbul No Treatment Type Number of Plants Treatment Capacity (m 3 /day) Water Treated (m 3 /day) Treatment Rate (%) 1 Pre-treatment 9 4,169,880 2,194,750 74 2 Biological 19 167,675 232,850 7,9 3 Advance Biological 5 701,730 536,503 18,1 4 Natural 1 125 198 - Total 34 5,039,410 2,964,301 100 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 26
Tuzla Biological Treatment Plant Total Cap. 250.000 m 3 /day İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 27
Paşaköy Advance Biological Treatment Plant Mevcut Kapasite 100.000 m 3 /gün Existing Capacity 100.000 m 3 /day İlave Kapasite 100.000 m 3 /gün Additional Capacity 100.000 m 3 /day Toplam Kapasite 200.000 m 3 /gün Total Capacity 200.000 m 3 /day Paşaköy Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant was taken into service in 2000 with a treatment capacity of 100.000 m 3 /day As the plant failed to meet the demand, second stage of the Plant was completed in 2009 to enable an increase of 100.000 m 3 /day. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 28
Ataköy Advanced Biological Treatment Plant Capacity 400.000 m 3 /day Taken into service in 2010, the Plant serves to a population of 1.600.000 with a capacity of 400.000 m 3 /day. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 29
Planned Wastewater Treatment Plants Name of the Plant Daily capacity (m3/day) 1 B.Çekmece Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) 127.000 2 Silivri Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) 36.500 3 Tuzla Advanced Biological WWTP (3rd Phase) 250.000 4 Selimpaşa Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) 100.000 5 Çanta Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) 52.000 6 Kilyos Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) 15.000 7 K.Çekmece Advanced Biological WWTP (1st Phase) 200.000 TOTAL 780.500 İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 30
Seawater Transfer Tunnel from Bosphorus to Golden Horn Seawater from the Bosphorus shall be linked to the Golden Horn through a 5-km tunnel and Kağıthane Stream. The tunnel boring work is complete and will be put into service in early 2012. The complete tunnel shall enable renewal of water and biological diversity in the Golden Horn as it will increase the dissolved oxygen level in the Golden Horn. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 31
Seawater Transfer Tunnels from Bosphorus to Golden Horn Sarıyer Çayırbaşı Ayzağa Pumping Station Tunnel Constructed (5 km) Bosphorus Kağıthane Stream Cross section of the Tunnel Flow / Debi: 10.800 m 3 /h Pumping height : 23 m EXISTING MEVCUT ONGOING CONSTRUCTION EXISTING STREAM İNŞAATI DEVAM EDEN İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü MEVCUT DERE 32
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ISTANBUL İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 33
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü The City of Istanbul Population : 13.3 million (2010) % 18 of Turkey s population Number of Districts: 39 Approximately 14.500 tons/day solid waste
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Waste Management Facilities in Istanbul 4 Transfer Stations 1 Landfill Site 1 Composting Plant 1 Leachate Treatment Plant 3 Transfer Stations 1 Landfill Site 1 Leachate Treatment Plant
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Waste Disposal Percentages in Istanbul Landfilling has the largest ratio of 92 % Composting, RDF and Granule Plants 4.7 % Recovery and recycling 3.3 %
General Waste Composition in Istanbul İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Collection and Transportation of Wastes in Istanbul
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Transfer Stations 14.500 tons of solid waste produced daily in Istanbul requires: 1.900 runs to 7 transfer stations and 500 runs from transfer stations to landfill sites.
Disposal of Wastes İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Landfill Sites in Istanbul Landfill Site in European Side Amount of Waste Landfilled Daily; 10.000 tons. Landfill Site in Asian Side Amount of Landfilled Waste Daily; 4.500 tons.
Amount of Waste Landfilled in 2011 (tons/month) Amount of Waste Landfilled According to Years (thousand tons/year) Landfill Sites Waste Amounts ASIA EUROPE TOTAL ASIA EUROPE TOTAL 500.000 400.000 300.000 200.000 100.000 0 484.652 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011* Months Years Avg 417 000 tons/month ASIAN SIDE (ton/day) EUROPEAN SIDE (ton/day) TOTAL (ton/day) Avg 5 000 000 tons/year 2009 4.850 8.740 13.590 2010 5.136 9.300 14.436 2011* 5.028 9.311 14.340 * 7 month data including July, 2011. İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Electricity Production from Wastes in Istanbul
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Landfill Gas (LFG) Plant There are 2 LFG waste-to enery plants in Istanbul, with 24 MW of installed capacity.
Amount of Energy Produced in LFG Plants (MWh/month) İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Amount of Produced Energy in LFG Plants ASIA EUROPE TOTAL 12.000 10.047 10.000 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 0 115 million kwh energy was produced in 2010. * 7 month data including July, 2011. Months Asian Side (MWh/year) European Side (MWh/year) Total (MWh/year) 2010 45.093 70.180 115.272 2011* 22.575 37.533 60.108 This amount equals approximately to 15.250.000 TL (6.000.000 Euros)
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Composting, RDF and Granule Plants
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Composting, RDF and Granule Plants Capacity of the plant is 1.000 tons/day. Aerobic Compost Method Area; 32.000 m 2 Capacity; 1.000 tons/day Place of Use; Parks and gardens of Istanbul
İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü Environmental Investment Costs (2007-2023) Sectors NECESSITY OF INVESTMENT Million TL* Milyon Euro Rate (%) Water Sector 63.114 33.969 58 Solid Waste Sector 17.762 9.560 16 Air Sector 69 37 0 Noise Pollution Sector 0 0 0 Chemicals Sector 0 0 0 Integrated Solid Waste Sector 27.415 14.755 25 Nature Conservation Sector 490 264 0 Total 108.851 58.585 100
www.ibb.gov.tr THANK YOU İ S K İ G E N E L M Ü D Ü R L Ü G Ü 49