Tekirdağ&Ziraat&Fakültesi&Dergisi&

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1 NamıkKemalÜniversitesi ISSN:1302*7050 TekirdağZiraatFakültesiDergisi JournalofTekirdagAgriculturalFaculty AnInternationalJournalofallSubjectsofAgriculture Cilt/Volume:11Sayı/Number:1Yıl/Year:2014

2 Sahibi/Owner NamıkKemalÜniversitesiZiraatFakültesiAdına OnBehalfofNamıkKemalUniversityAgriculturalFaculty Prof.Dr.AhmetİSTANBULLUOĞLU Dekan/Dean EditörlerKurulu/EditorialBoard Başkan/EditorinChief Prof.Dr.SelçukALBUT ZiraatFakültesiBiyosistemMühendisliğiBölümü DepartmentBiosystemEngineering,AgriculturalFaculty Üyeler/Members Prof.Dr.M.İhsanSOYSAL Zootekni/AnimalScience Prof.Dr.BahattinAKDEMİR BiyosistemMühendisliği/BiosystemEngineering Prof.Dr.ServetVARIŞ BahçeBitkileri/Horticulture Prof.Dr.AslıKORKUT PeyzajMimarlığı/LandscapeArchitecture Prof.Dr.TemelGENÇTAN TarlaBitkileri/FieldCrops Prof.Dr.AydınADİLOĞLU ToprakBilimiveBitkiBesleme/SoilScienceandPlantNutrition Prof.Dr.FatihKONUKCU BiyosistemMühendisliği/BiosystemEngineering Prof.Dr.SezenARAT TarımsalBiyoteknoloji/AgriculturalBiotechnology Doç.Dr.ÖmerAZABAĞAOĞLU TarımEkonomisi/AgriculturalEconomics Doç.Dr.MustafaMİRİK BitkiKoruma/PlantProtection Doç.Dr.ÜmitGEÇGEL GıdaMühendisliği/FoodEngineering Yrd.Doç.Dr.DevrimOSKAY TarımsalBiyoteknoloji/AgriculturalBiotechnology Yrd.Doç.Dr.M.RecaiDURGUT BiyosistemMühendisliği/BiosystemEngineering Yrd.Doç.Dr.HarunHURMA TarımEkonomisi/AgriculturalEconomics İndeksler/Indexingandabstracting CABItarafındanfull*textolarakindekslenmektedir/IncludedinCABI DOAJtarafındanfull*textolarakindekslenmektedir/Includedin DOAJ EBSCOtarafındanfull*textolarakindekslenmektedir/Includedin EBSCO FAOAGRISVeriTabanındaİndekslenmektedir/IndexedbyFAO AGRISDatabase INDEXCOPERNICUStarafındanfull*textolarakindekslenmektedir/ IncludedinINDEXCOPERNICUS TUBİTAK[ULAKBİMTarım,VeterinerveBiyolojiBilimleriVeri TabanıTVBBVT)Tarafındantaranmaktadır/IndexedbyTUBİTAK[ ULAKBİMAgriculture,VeterinaryandBiologicalSciencesDatabase YazışmaAdresi/CorrespondingAddress TekirdağZiraatFakültesiDergisiNKÜZiraatFakültesi59030TEKİRDAĞ E*mail: Webadresi: Tel: ISSN:

3 DanışmanlarKurulu/AdvisoryBoard BahçeBitkileri/Horticulture Prof.Dr.KazımABAK ÇukurovaÜniv.ZiraatFak.Adana Prof.Dr.Y.SabitAĞAOĞLU AnkaraÜniv.ZiraatFak.Ankara Prof.Dr.JimHANCOCK MichiganStateUniv.USA Prof.Dr.MustafaPEKMEZCİ AkdenizÜniv.ZiraatFak.Antalya BitkiKoruma/PlantProtection Prof.Dr.MithatDOĞANLAR MustafaKemalÜniv.ZiraatFak.Hatay Prof.Dr.TimurDÖKEN AdnanMenderesÜniv.ZiraatFak.Aydın Prof.Dr.IvankaLECHAVA AgriculturalUniv.Plovdiv*Bulgaria Dr.EmilPOCSAI PlantProtectionSoilCons.ServiceVelence*Hungary GıdaMühendisliği/FoodEngineering Prof.Dr.YaşarHIŞIL EgeÜniv.MühendislikFak.İzmir Prof.Dr.FevziKELEŞ AtatürkÜniv.ZiraatFak.Erzurum Prof.Dr.AtillaYETİŞEMİYEN AnkaraÜniv.ZiraatFak.Ankara Prof.Dr.ZhelyazkoSIMOV UniversityofFoodTechnologiesBulgaria TarımsalBiyoteknoloji/AgriculturalBiotechnology Prof.Dr.HakanTURHAN ÇanakkaleOnsekizMartÜniv.ZiraatFak.Çanakkale Prof.Dr.KhalidMahmoodKHAWAR AnkaraÜniv.ZiraatFak.Ankara Prof.Dr.MehmetKURAN OndokuzMayısÜniv.ZiraatFak.Samsun Doç.Dr.TuğrulGİRAY UniversityofPuertoRico.USA Doç.Dr.KemalKARABAĞ AkdenizÜniv.ZiraatFak.Antalya Doç.Dr.MehmetAliKAYIŞ SelçukÜniv.ZiraatFak.Konya TarlaBitkileri/FieldCrops Prof.Dr.EsvetAÇIKGÖZ UludağÜniv.ZiraatFak.Bursa Prof.Dr.ÖzerKOLSARICI AnkaraÜniv.ZiraatFak.Ankara Dr.NurettinTAHSİN Agric.Univ.PlovdivBulgaria Prof.Dr.MuratÖZGEN AnkaraÜniv.ZiraatFak.Ankara Doç.Dr.ChristinaYANCHEVA Agric.Univ.PlovdivBulgaria TarımEkonomisi/AgriculturalEconomics Prof.Dr.FarukEMEKSİZ ÇukurovaÜniv.ZiraatFak.Adana Prof.Dr.HasanVURAL UludağÜniv.ZiraatFak.Bursa Prof.Dr.GamzeSANER EgeÜniv.ZiraatFak.İzmir Dr.AlbertoPOMBO ElColegiodelaFronteraNorte,Meksika TarımMakineleri/AgriculturalMachinery Prof.Dr.ThefanisGEMTOS AristotleUniv.Greece Prof.Dr.SimonBLACKMORE TheRoyalVet.Agr.Univ.Denmark Prof.Dr.HamdiBİLGEN EgeÜniv.ZiraatFak.İzmir Prof.Dr.AliİhsanACAR AnkaraÜniv.ZiraatFak.Ankara TarımsalYapılarveSulama/FarmStructuresandIrrigation Prof.Dr.ÖmerANAPALI AtatürkÜniv.ZiraatFak.Erzurum Prof.Dr.ChristosBABAJIMOPOULOS AristotleUniv.Greece Dr.ArieNADLER MinistryAgr.AROIsrael Toprak/SoilScience Prof.Dr.SaitGEZGİN SelçukÜniv.ZiraatFak.Konya Prof.Dr.SelimKAPUR ÇukurovaÜniv.ZiraatFak.Adana Prof.Dr.MetinTURAN AtatürkÜniv.ZiraatFak.Erzurum Doç.Dr.PasgualeSTEDUTO FAOWaterDivisionItaly Zootekni/AnimalScience Prof.Dr.AndreasGEORGOIDUS AristotleUniv.Greece Prof.Dr.IgnacyMISZTAL BreedingandGeneticsUniversityofGeorgiaUSA Prof.Dr.KristaqKUME CenterforAgriculturalTechnologyTransferAlbania Dr.BrianKINGHORN TheIns.ofGeneticsandBioinf.Univ.ofNewEnglandAustralia Prof.Dr.IvanSTANKOV TrakiaUniv.Dept.OfAnimalSci.Bulgaria Prof.Dr.NihatÖZEN AkdenizÜniv.ZiraatFak.Antalya Prof.Dr.JozsefRATKY Res.Ins.AnimalBreed.andNut.Hungary Prof.Dr.NaciTÜZEMEN AtatürkÜniv.ZiraatFak.Erzurum

4 TekirdagZiraatFakültesiDergisi/JournalofTekirdagAgriculturalFaculty ) İÇİNDEKİLER/CONTENTS S.Çınar,R.Halipoğlı,İ.İnal BazıYabancıOtMücadeleYöntemlerininÇukurovaBölgesindekiTabanMeralarındaOtVerimiVeBotanik KompozisyonaEtkisi EffectsOfSomeWeedControlMethodsonYield,BotanicalCompositionandForageQualityinSubirrigated GrasslandsofCukurova... 1*8 A.Sirat OrtaKaradenizBölgesiKoşullarınaUygunMaltlıkveYemlikArpaHordeumvulgareL.)ÇeşitlerininBelirlenmesi DeterminationofMaltingandForageBarleyHordeumvulgareL.)CultivarsSuitableforMiddleBlackSeaRegion Conditions... 9*17 M.F.Baran,M.R.Durgut,İ.E.Kayhan,İ.Kurşun,B.Aydın,B.Kayışoğlu II.ÜrünSilajlıkMısırÜretimindeUygulanabilecekFarklıToprakİşlemeYöntemlerininTeknikveEkonomikOlarak Belirlenmesi DeterminationofDifferentTillageandSowingMethodsInTermsofTechnicallyAndEconomicallyinSecondCrop MaizeForSilage... 18*26 D.Ceylan,A.Korkut,T.Kiper TarihiÇevreYenilemeÇalışmalarındaKentselPeyzajPlanlamaAnlayışı:EdirneÖrneği UrbanLandscapePlanningConceptofHistoricEnvironmentRegenerationStudies:SampleofEdirne... 27*36 U.Karadavut,A.Taşkın KırşehirİlindeKanatlıEtiTüketiminiEtkileyenFaktörlerinBelirlenmesi DeterminationofFactorsAffectingPoultryMeatConsumptioninKırşehirProvince... 37*43 G.Ş.Aydın,B.Büyükışık,A.Kocataş FosfatveSilikatinZararliDenizelDiyatomBüyümesiÜzerineEtkisi:ThalassiosiraAlleniiTakano Bacillariophyceae) EffectofPhosphateandSilicateonTheGrowthofHarmfulMarineDiatom:ThalassiosiraAlleniiTakano Bacillariophyceae)... 44*52 S.Akdemir,E.Bal ElmaDepolamadaKasaİçiOrtamKoşullarınınHesaplamalıAkışkanlarDinamiğiileModellenmesi ComputationalFluidDynamicsModellingofAmbientFactorsinBoxesForAppleColdStorage... L.Máthé,G.Pillinger ExaminationofanOverturnedTowedVehicle... 53*62 63*66 N.Çömlekcioğlu,L.Efe,Ş.Karaman KahramanmaraşKoşullarındaFarklıEkimZamanlarınınIsatistinctoriaveIsatisbuschianaTürlerininVerimveBazı AgronomikÖzellikleriÜzerineEtkileri EffectsofDifferentSowingTimesonTheYieldandAgronomicCharactersofIsatistinctoriaandIsatisbuschianain KahramanmarasConditions... 67*78 H.Akbaşak,P.S.Koral ÇeltikKavuzununHıyarFidesiYetiştirmeOrtamıOlarakKullanımOlanaklarınınAraştırılması TheInvestigationofThePossibilitiesofUsingRiceHullsasaGrowingMediaforCucumberSeedlings... 79*89 L.Gurmai,P.Kiss AnalysisofRelationsofTowedVehiclesandRoadProfile... 90*97 G.D.Semiz SulamaSuyuAçısındanBorİçeriğininDeğerlendirilmesi:UluabatGölünüBesleyenOrhaneli,EmetVe MustafakemalpaşaÇayları ContentAsIrrigationWaterQuality:Orhaneli,EmetAndMustafakemalpaşaStreamsFeedingtheLakeUluabat... 98*105 S.Kiracı,E.Gönülal,H.Padem FarklıMikorizaTürlerininOrganikHavuçYetiştiriciliğindeKaliteÖzellikleriÜzerineEtkileri TheEffectsofDifferentMycorrhizaeSpeciesonQualityPropertiesinOrganicCarrotGrowing *113 A.Sahin,A.Yıldırım,Z.Ulutas AnadoluMandalarındaBazıÇiğSütParametreleriileSomatikHücreSayısıArasındakiİlişkiler RelationshipsBetweenSomaticCellCountandSomeRawMilkParamatersofAnatolianBuffaloes *121 H.İlbağı,S.Geyik Türkiye debursailimısırzeamaysl.)tarlalarındagörülenvirüshastalıklarınınsaptanması DetectionOfVirusDiseasesinCornZeamaysL.)FieldsinBursaProvinceOfTurkey *125

5 Tekirdağ)Ziraat)Fakültesi)Dergisi) Journal)of)Tekirdag)Agricultural)Faculty) Examination)of)an)Overturned)Towed)Vehicle) Máthé)and)Pillinger,))2014)11)1)) L.)Máthé 1 ))) ) G.)Pillinger 1 ) 1 DepartmentofAutomotiveTechnology,InstituteofProcessEngineering, FacultyofMechanicalEngineering,SzentIstvánUniversity IfavehicleleavestheonDroad,andenterstheterrain,itsmovementisdeterminedbythephysicaland mechanicallawsofterraindvehicleinteraction.theproblemwiththerundoffdroadaccidentsisthatthe effect of the soil physical properties are not known clearly, so that in many cases only approximate results can be provided by the accident analysts. The objects of the project were to create a soild database,anddeterminethefrictioncoefficientbetweenthevehiclebodyandtheterrainsurface.) Keywords:)terramechanics,accident,frictioncoefficient Introduction) The travel resistance of a vehicle running on to terrainaftercollisionisdeterminedbytherolling resistance,bulldozingresistance,sloperesistance, air resistance, slowing effect of engine brake or vehicle brake, if the vehicle spins around its vertical axis then resistance due to vehicle spin and if the vehicle turned over then frictional resistance of vehicle body Kiss, 2009). The problem with the roaddleaving accidents is that the effect of the soil physical properties are not known sufficiently, so that in many cases only approximate results can be provided by the accidentanalystspillingerandkiss,2011). Complex field measurement series were performed by the colleagues of Department of AutomotiveTechnologyofSzentIstvánUniversity. Thepurposeoftheprojectwastodeterminethe friction coefficient between the soil and the vehiclebodyincaseofoverturn. Material)and)Methods) Todeterminethecoefficientsoffriction,pulling tests were performed, and soil parameters were also measured by in situ and laboratory devices. Friction between the soil and vehicle body, tractionforce,speed,anddifferentsoilconditions cone index, moisture content, physical properties) were examined during the experiment.thetestvehiclewasauazd469btype offdroadvehicle,andajohndeere6600wasused aspullerfig.1d2d3.). A special converted forklift wasusedtoturnoverthetestvehicletoitsbody side. A purposeddesigned drawbar mechanism was used for the pulling tests Fig. 4.). The measurements were carried out on different soil conditions: concrete, grassy field, stubbledfield, discdtilled field and cultivatordtilled filed at a speedof5d10d15km/h. Measurement)Devices) The following equipments were used at the measurements: purposeddesigned drawbar mechanismandconvertedforkliftfig.4.),50kn loadcellfig.5.),measurementbattery,spiderd8 Fig.1.UAZsetupformeasurement. 63

6 Tekirdağ)Ziraat)Fakültesi)Dergisi) Journal)of)Tekirdag)Agricultural)Faculty) Máthé)and)Pillinger,))2014)11)1)) Fig.2.Setupofthefieldmeasurement. ) datacollectionandmeasurementcomputergds Instruments, Hampshire, United Kingdom), Eijkelkamp Penetrologger Fig. 5.) Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek,TheNetherlands),PCEDSMMD1fieldsoil moisture meter PCE Instruments, Southampton, UnitedKingdom),soilsamplingcylindersFig.5.), wheelloadweigherstomeasurevehicleweight. Results) Table1.showsthephysicalcharacteristicsofthe test field. The measurements were performed with the help of staff of the Institute of Soil ScienceofSzentIstvánUniversity. To determine the coefficient of friction, the following 1D2) equations were used during the experiments: Fig.3.Fieldmeasurement. F t = µ m g cosα ± m g sinα[kn]1) Ft cosα µ = tgα [D] 2) m g Where: F t traction force; m mass of test vehicle;g gravitationalacceleration;µdfriction coefficient;α slopeangle. The pulled vehicle s weight was measured by wheel load weighers. The measured mass was 1310 kg. The pulling force was measured in the tests. The speeds were 5, 10 and 15 km/h, and each test was performed on a previously undisturbedsurfaceofgrassyfield,stubble,discd tilled and cultivated land. Measurements were carriedoutonconcretesurfaceaswell. 64

7 Tekirdağ)Ziraat)Fakültesi)Dergisi) Journal)of)Tekirdag)Agricultural)Faculty) Máthé)and)Pillinger,))2014)11)1)) Fig.4.PurposeDdesigneddrawbarmechanismwithaconvertedforklift. Fig.5.EijkelkampPenetrologger,soilsamplingcylinders,loadcell. Table1.Physicalpropertiesofthetestfield. Fieldcondition: StubbleDfield DiscDtilled CultivatorDtilled Soiltype: Loamysand Moisturecontent% drybasis) [%] Porevolume [%] Drybulkdensity [g/cm 3 ] Vegetation: D Stubble+weeds Afewweeds Noplants Thefrictioncoefficientsweredeterminedateach surface type. Table 2. gives the values of the coefficients. The field coverage is an important factorduringtheinvestigation.theconcretewas dryandwithoutdirt.thegrassyfieldwascovered by 5D10 cm high vegetation, mainly grass. The stubblefieldwascoveredby15d25cmhighweeds andharvestedcornstalks.ondiscdtilledfieldonly rare weeds were recognized and the cultivatord tilled field was without vegetation. Table 2 gives theconeindexci)valuesatadepthof5and10 cm as well, characterizing the soil s loaddbearing capacity.themeasurementswereperformedfor allsoilconditions,takingthesoilmoisturecontent into account. The average slope angle, that was takenintoconsiderationduringtheevaluation,on the test field was α = 1.1. The slope angle on concretewasα=0. Conclusions) In case of two rigid bodies, the magnitude of friction force is commensurable to the normal force; its direction is parallel to the contact 65

8 Tekirdağ)Ziraat)Fakültesi)Dergisi) Journal)of)Tekirdag)Agricultural)Faculty) surface. In this situation the friction coefficient dependsonthequalityofthecontactsurface.ifa rigid body gets in contact with a deformable surface,furtherfactorsaffectthevalueoffriction coefficient. Table 1. shows that on terrain the valueoffrictioncoefficientsincreasedastraction speed increased as well, and the looser the soil structurebecame,thegreaterthevalueoffriction coefficients. It can be seen on concrete that the value of friction coefficients decreased as speed Table2.Resultsofexaminationoffrictioncoefficients. Traction Traction Friction Field speedv) ForceF condition t ) Coefficient [km/h] [kn] μ)[d] Concrete Grassyfield ) StubbleD field DiscDtilled field CultivatorD tilledfield D D 15 D D D D D D Normal) force: The greater the normal force vehicle mass), the greater the soil deformation andtheprobabilityofbulldozingdeffect. Surface) quality: The smoother the vehicle s and soil s surface, the smaller the friction coefficient. ThevegetationcanredoundthebulldozingDeffect. Material)of)deformable)surface:Itisexpressedby theconeindexci)thatdescribestheloadbearing capacity of the soil. This is a measurable soil parameter.itdependsonthemoistercontentand thephysicaldmechanicalpropertiesofthesoil Area) of) contact) surface: The contact area betweenthevehiclebodyandsoilaffectsthesoil Máthé)and)Pillinger,))2014)11)1)) increased. It is due to the multiple repeated pullingtestswherethevehiclebodysideandthe protrudingpartsweredeformedanddulled,thus thevalueoffrictioncoefficientsdecreased.itcan beconcludedfromtheresearchesthatonterrain the coefficient of friction depends on more parameters. Their effects are different, field measurements are required to determine the significance of each factors, which are the followinginorderofimportance: ConeIndex CI 5 ) [MPa] ConeIndex CI 10 ) [MPa] Comment Dry,without dirt 5D10cm high vegetation 15D25cm high vegetation Rare vegetation No vegetation deformation and increases the possibility of bulldozingformation. Geometry) of) surface: The protruding parts of vehicle body increase the value of friction coefficientandthesecancausebulldozing. Speed:Thehigherthevehicle sspeedonterrain, thegreatertheextentofbulldozing. During the analysis of an offdroad accident, the auxiliarytablesandvalues,whichcanbefoundin technicalliterature,arenotenoughtodetermine the most important parameters. In situ field measurements are required after an accident in order to recognize the real factors that affected theaccident. References) Kiss, P Components of rolling resistance on terrain, Mechanical Engineering Letters, Vol. 3., pp. 54D56.HUISSN2060D3789 Pillinger,Gy.andKiss,P.2011.Modelingtheenergetic of tiredsoil interaction, CDDROM Proceedings of the th International ISTVS Conference, Blacksburg, Virginia,USA,September18D22,2011,PaperNo:713, p.5.