INVESTIGATING OF COASTAL LAND USE CHANGES BY USING GIS AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES. Faik Ahmet Sesli and Arif Cagdas Aydinoglu

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1 INVESTIGATING OF COASTAL LAND USE CHANGES BY USING GIS AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES Faik Ahmet Sesli and Arif Cagdas Aydinoglu Karadeniz Technical University, Engineering&Architecture Faculty, Geodesy&Photogrammetry Department, GISLab Divison Campus 61080, Trabzon, Turkey & ABSTRACT Coastal areas are so vauable that all civilizations have prefered this areas throughout history. Especially during the last 25 years coastal areas of Turkey are under an intensive restraint with a population press due to the internal and external touristic demands. There are striking differences in the socio-cultural life on different coastal regions. Residential and architectural typology appropriate for the physical conditions of the country s coastal regions is not in place yet. There are ambiguities in the coastal regulations. The management of Coastal Areas is an important issue to prevent the harmful effects of environmental changes. A pilot area located the east coast of Black Sea region has been choosen in this study. Spatial data concerning cadastre maps and zonning plans and attribute data concerning property were combined to make analysis and queries on ARC program environment. It was understood that the coast has not been used for public benefits because of constitutional law. We built web based monitoring and management platform with the using ArcIMS architecture. This system provides some advantages. Data can be updated and maintained in a common platform. 1 INTRODUCTION Environmental conditions such as the climate, topography and the characteristics of habitation vary in the coastal regions of Turkey. Therefore, several problems appear in the applications related to coastal planning. In this study, current land use changes along the coast lines of Trabzon City are investigated and problems are identified. Through technical and legal arrangements proposals which would enable public benefit from the coast, as suggested in the constitution, are made. There are ambiguities in the coastal regulations in Turkey. Developing information technologies like Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) considerably support managerial decision making process to manage spatial information. The management of Coastal areas is an important issue to prevent the harmful effects of environmental changes. A pilot area located the east coast of Black Sea region of Turkey has been chosen in this study. Relations between land ownership and coast line cover were determined with the using of Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies. In this study, spatial data including cadastre maps and zonning plans and attribute data including property were combined to make analysis and queries on ArcInfo/View program environment. Internet has been used as the most efficient communication tool recently. Therefore, opportunities internet provides for accessing and sharing information have to be examined. A web based monitoring and management platform was built with the using of ArcIMS Architecture in this study. The system provides some advantages including updated and maintained data in a common platform and corporate decision making process.

2 2 DEFINITIONS ABOUT COASTAL REGION IN TURKEY According to the Turkish Coastal Law numbered 3621/3830; Coast Line: It is a natural line on the sea, lakes and rivers that changes due to some meteorological events which is formed by the fusion of the points on which the water touchs the earth on the positions other than flood. Coast Line Cover (Shore Border Line): It is a natural border of sandy, gravel, rocky, marsh, rushy, and other similar areas formed by the water mations against the earth after the coast line of sea, lakes and rivers. This border can t be changed eventhough sea is filled to obtain land. Coast: This is an area between coast and coast line cover. Shore line (Buffer Zone): It is an area of at least 100 m with horizontally from the coast line cover of sea, lakes and rivers to earth. Figure 1 shows definitions about coastal region with an illustration. SEA First part of shore line 50m Second part of shore line 50m Coast line cover (border line) COAST Min. 100 m. Shore line LAND Coast line Figure 1. Definitions about coastal areas 3 THE LAWS AND PROBLEMS ON THE COASTAL REGIONS IN TURKEY According to the Constitution Law of Turkish Republic, the coasts are at the disposal of the government. In utilizing from the sea, lake and river shore lines one must take care of first of all the Public Benefit. According to the 2001 date Turkish Civil Law, the places with no property and the goods in the benefit of the public are in no ones ownership and can never be a subject of a private ownership. According to the Coastal Law numbered 3621/3830, the detection of the shore border line is obligatory to be able to make plans and plan s implementation on the coast and shore line. But unfortunately, the usage out of public benefit is being seen because of the agitated in planning and the detection of coast line cover not in the way or at the time it must be done. Turkey has very long coastal band and three sides of its area are surrounded by sea. Turkey has cultural and historical merits, especially natural attractiveness. Therefore, various investors prefer these areas. This situation causes many environmental problems on coastal areas. On coastal region in Turkey;

3 Unbalanced construction causes unplanned urban areas, scattered buildings, Coastal areas have insufficient social and technical infrastructure Uncontrolled urbanization and insufficient service appear Unbalanced developments on coastal areas result in land occupation The filling to obtain land parts violates the public benefit (Onal and Nuray 1997). Because highway construction has begun to increase since 1960 on coastal regions, land ownership has rapidly changed with the zoning plan implementations in this region. Samsun-Sarp Double Highway has been constructed since This construction has been destroying the natural coast. Coastal areas are being used out of the public benefit though this is main aim. The function determining violated lands is executed with intersect command. Spatial area and land ownership related to violations are displayed on Figure 2. 4 USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON COASTAL MANAGEMENT Maintaining life regularly among nature, environment, and living beings and eliminating contaminant resources are possible with the using of GIS techniques. The system provides opportunities such as integrated information sources and corporate decision making processes. GIS products are increasingly available on inexpensive personal computers. These products offer significant GIS functionality at a much lower cost than traditional workstation based software. It provides a mechanism for storing, analyzing, using, and displaying georeferenced information. Spatial decision support relies heavily on maps, which form the backbone upon which plans and policies are defined. Environmental planning, furthermore, involves studies of risk/impact assessment, and contingency planning, which combine WHAT and WHERE to WHEN and HOW. (Seffino,1999) The growth of GIS applications is also made possible by the growing availability of spatial data for popular GIS software, thereby reducing the costs of data collection. (Keenan, 1998) In the 21st century, the Internet, the web technology is the center of activity in developing Decision Support Systems and can be expected to result in organizational environments that will be increasingly more global, complex, and connected. The advent of the Web has enabled interorganizational decision support systems, and has given rise to numerous new applications of existing technology as well as many new decision support technologies themselves. They are referring to a computerized system that delivers decision tools to a manager who regards coastal areas by using only a Web browser. Information share and discussion platform can be provided by web technologies. Politicians, people, and managerial mechanisms have important effects to reach common goals. As a informative approach, coastal concepts including laws and statutes can be collected in a web site. Coast, coast line cover, buildings, and layers displaying structuring can be browsed over the Internet by internet map server. This web site can be reached from anywhere all over the world. A user may have only a web browser to benefit GIS opportunities. Data can be maintained and updated in a centralized location or distributed locations. In forum section, the contribution to managerial decision making can be provided as a result of wider participation. (Aydınoglu, 2002) Effective decision support platform can be provided in conclusion. 5 BUILDING A WEB BASED MONITORING PLATFORM Spatial and non-spatial data required in this study were collected and transformed into digital format. Graphical corrections, area quality control, and the topology of graphic data have been made with the using of ArcInfo and ArcView program environment. Spatial and non-spatial data were combined. Various query and analysis functions can be done by means of GIS tools. The amount of areas for the public benefit in zoning plans can be detected.

4 Figure 2. The using of intersect command and violation of coast line cover In this study, a web based GIS system is engineered with the using of ArcIMS Architecture. This web site can be reached from anywhere all over the world. The system users including planners and administrative personel, organizations, politicians, public, companies, etc. may have only a web browser to benefit GIS opportunities. This system presents basic GIS functions. Pan and zoom the map, identify and find features, search for features, work with measuring distances and scale bar units, query data, change layer properties and add data. Attribute searches are produced with ASP programming, depending on user needs. The laws and implementations were browsed. Forums and discussion platform were executed for corporate decision making and future planning. Figure 3. Some user windows over the web browser 5 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Some precautions must be taken and executed. These provide opportunities for public use. After that,

5 Kıyının kamu kullanıma açık olmasını sağlayacak önlemler almak ve bunları uygulamak mümkün olabilir. Fakat bunun ötesinde önemli olan konu, kullanıcılara yönelik ve alanın kullanım biçimini tamamlayan altyapı ve üstyapı olanaklarının sağlanmasıdır.bu da tamamıyla kıyının yönetimi ile ilgilidir, Hükümet organizasyonlarında koordinasyon eksiklikleri amaçların aynı olmasına rağmen sonuçta karışıklıkların çıkmasına neden olmaktadır, Planlama ve imar konularındaki yetkilerin çeşitli bakanlık ve merkezi hükümet kuruluşları ile il ve ilçe belediyeleri düzeyindeki kuruluşlar arasında dağılmış olması kıyı alanlarının yönetiminde engel teşkil etmektedir, Yasama ve yürütme tarafından politik olarak tanımlanmış sınırlar içinde kıyı olarak kullanılan alanlar, sular ve bunların içinde bulundurdukları zenginliklerin bir arada yönetilmesi gerekir. Akademisyenler hükümet organlarıyla işbirliği içinde pilot projeler geliştirerek özel sektöre ışık tutmalıdır ve geliştirdikleri politikaları yasal temellere oturtmalıdırlar, Farklı disiplinlerden gelen plancı ve yöneticiler arasındaki anlam kargaşasını gidermek amacıyla derhal ortak bir terminoloji, terimler sözlüğü, standart oluşturulmalıdır, Kıyı alanlarının ve zenginliklerinin korunabilmesi amacıyla belli süre zarflarında görev yapabilecek nitelikte elemanlarla donatılmış, toplumun çeşitli kesimlerini temsil edecek kişileri de içinde bulunduran mahalli komisyonlar oluşturulmalıdır. Kıyı alanlarının coğrafi,sosyal,ekonomik ve fiziki koşulları göz önünde bulundurularak plan bölgelere ayrılmalıdır. Bölgelerin ihtiyaçlarına ve kamu yararına göre hangi kıyı kesiminin hangi kullanım amacına göre uygun düzenlenmesi gerektiği belirlenmeli ve planlar bu şartlar dikkate alınarak yapılmalıdır. Kıyı planlaması ve düzenlenmesinde yapılacak eylemler için sosyal maliyet ve çevresel etkiler araştırılmalıdır. Plan yapımı aşamasında plancılarla birlikte yetişmiş uzman bir ekip çalışmalıdır, Kıyılarda mevcut yapılaşma kontrol altında tutulmalıdır. Bu konuda özellikle belediyelere önemli görevler düşmektedir. Kıyıların kullanımını elinde bulunduran belediyeler, kıyılarda toplum yararını gözeterek düzenlemeler yapmalı, kıyı alanlarını özel mülkiyetin ve kamu kuruluşlarının baskısından kurtarmalıdır, Kıyı Alanlarının Yönetiminde CBS, Uzaktan Algılama gibi bilgi teknolojilerinin kullanımı, internet teknolojilerinin sağladığı bilgi paylaşımı ve bilgiye kolay erişim olanakları değerlendirilmelidir. REFERENCES Onal, I., Nuray, A., Türkiye de Kıyı Alanları Yönetimi ve Sorunları. Türkiye nin Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları, Türkiye Kıyıları 97 Konferansı, Ankara, Turkey Seffino, L.A., Medeiros, C.B., Rocha, J.V.R., Yi, B., WOODS- a spatial decision support system based on workflows. Decision Support Systems 27, pp Keenan, P.B., Spatial decision support systems for vehicle routing. Decision Support Systems 22, pp Sesli, F.A:, Aydınoglu, A.C., Kıyı Alanlarının Yönetimi. Türk Mühendis Ve Mimar Odaları Birliği Harita Ve Kadastro Mühendisleri Odası 9. Türkiye Harita Bilimsel Ve Teknik Kurultayı, pp , Ankara, Turkey Aydınoğlu, A.Ç., Yomralıoğlu, T., Web Based Campus Information System. International Symposium On Geographic Information Systems GIS 2002, İstanbul Türkiye

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