III. A. FİİL + EDAT TAKIMI Bu yapıda, edat takımı zarf gibi ya fiili ya da bütün cümleyi tamamlar. Çeviri yaparken fiilin yanına veya cümlenin başına yerleştirmek doğru olur. Örnek: The student is working in the ibrary. (Talebe kütüphanede çalışıyor.) The student works in the library on Fridays. Cuma günleri talebe kütüphanede çalışır. Alıştırma : 34. 1-14 a) siyah yazılı olan fiili,öznesiyle beraber tecüme ediniz. b) Kerre içinde bulunan edat takımını Türkçeye çeviriniz. c) Edat takımını fiile yakın veya cümle başına yerleştirerek bütün cümleyi tercüme ediniz. 1. We describe this method (in the next chapter). 8. We injected the substance ( under the skin ). 2. We find the measurements (on this page). 9. We prepared the student ( for the examination ). 3. We employ this method (for this experiment). 10. We measured the volume ( before heating it ). 4. We cured that disease (in the-months). 11. We use coal ( for this purpose ). 5. We injected the substance ( into the muscle ). 12. We employ these workers ( for the building ). 6. We used the wood ( for building ). 13. We divided the work ( according to this principle ). 7. We pumped the water (to the surface ). 14. Man invented fire ( thousands of years ago ). building inşaat to measure ölçmek chapter bölüm measurement ölçü coal kömür muscle adele to cure tedavi etmek next bundan sonraki to describe tarif etmek to prepare hazırlanmak disease hastalık principle prensip to divide bölmek to pump pompayla çıkarmak employ kullanmak purpose maksat examination imtihan skin deri,cilt heating isıtma surface yüzey to inject enjekte etmek substance madde to invent icat etmek thousands binlerce man insan volume hacim method metod ANLAMA SORULARI 1.Where do we describe this method? 8.Where did we inject the substance? 2.Where do we find the measurements? 9.for what did we prepare the students? 3.Where do we employ this method? 10.when did we measure the volume? 4.When did we cure that disease? 11.For what did we use the coal? 5.Where did we inject the substance? 12.For what did we employ the workers? 6.Where did we use the wood? 13.According to what did we divide the work? 7. Where did we pump the water? 14.When did man invent fire? B. EDAT TAKIMI + EDAT TAKIMI Örnek: after the invention of fire (ateşin icadından sonar) Arka arkaya gelen iki (veya daha fazla ) edat takımı birbirini tamamlarsa sonundan başlayarak başına doğru tercüme edilir.
35. Türkçeye çeviriniz: 1. before the invention of the wheel 14. according to the ideas in this book 2. in this form of government 15. because of radiation from space 3. during a study of this disease 16. in an article in today's newspaper 4. in the history of civilization 17. because of the loss of heat 5. before the use of electricity 18. in the gas from the substance 6. during the long history of man 19. in the blood of the animal 7. according to the division of labor 20. in the muscles of the leg 8. according to the expectancy of life 21. of the difference in the results 9. without proof of guilt 22. from the vibration of the molecules 10. after the discovery of radium 23. for the duration of the war 11. because of the existence of coal 24. because of the difficulty of the problem 12. from the production of raw material 25. after the discovery of the element 13. of the produce of turkey 26. according to their estimation of damage according to göre history tarih article makale idea fikir civilisation uygarlık importance ehemmiyet coal kömür invertion icad damage zarar loss kayıp dicovery keşif muscle adele disease hastalık produce istisal division taksim,bölüm proof delil estimatlon tahmin raw materlal ham madde existence mevcudiyet result netice expectancy ortalama space uzay form şekil supstance madde government hükümet vibration vibrasyon guilt suçluluk war harp heat isı wheel tekerlek Anlama soruları: 1. Before what? 14. According to what? 2. In what? 15. Because of what? 3. During what? 16. In what? 4. In what? 17. Because of what? 5. Before what? 18. In what? 6. During what? 19. In what? 7. According to what? 20. By what? 8. According to what? 21. Of what? 9. Without what? 22. From what? 10. After what? 23. For what? 11. Because of what? 24. Because of what? 12. From what? 25. After what? 13. Of what? 26. According what?
36.Yukarıda bulunan 1-26 cümle parçaları aşağıda birer cümle içinde kullanılmıştır. Bu cümleleri Türkçeye çeviriniz: 1. Transport was very difficult before the invention of the wheel. 2. In this form of government parliament is responsible to the people. 3. The first bacillus came to light during a study of this disease. 4. The invention of writing was an important event in the history of civilization. 5. Lighting of large cities was very expensive and difficult before the use of electricity. 6. War has always existed during the long history of man. 7. Workers receive payment according to the division of labour. 8. These statistics predict the ages according to the expectancy of life. 9. He cannot decide the case without proof of guilt. 10. they understood the causes of these effects after the discovery of radium. 11. Industrialization was intense in this area because of the existence of coal. 12. Most of the wealth of the country comes from the production of raw materials. 13. Most of the produce of Turkey comes from its agricultural areas. 14. According to the ideas in this book the nationalization of industry is necessary. 15. Special protective clothing is necessary because of radiation from space. 16. They have read about this situation in an article in today s newspaper. 17. Condensation takes place because of the loss of heat from the surface. 18. The molecules vibrate in the gas from the substance. 19. He measured the calcium content in the blood of the animal. 20. Lactic acid accumulates in the muscles of leg. 21. These mistakes are the cause of the difference in the results. 22. The emission of light comes from the vibration of the molecules. 23. The government requires these raw materials for the duration of the war. 24. They could not decide on a course of action because of the difficulty of the problem. 25. Many new developments took place after the discovery of the element. 26. Rebuilding will cost thousands of pounds according to their estimation of the damage. ( yukarıda geçen sözlüğe de bakınız). acid asit industry sanai to accumulate birikmek intense konsantre age yaş light isık agricultural zirai lighting isıklandırma area saha to measure ölçmek calcıum kalsıyum molecule molekül case dava nationalization devletleştirme cause sebep necessary lazım clothing elbise parliament millet meclisi to come to light meydana cıkmak payment para condensation kondansasyon pound sterlin content muhteva to predict önceden söylemek country memleket protective koruyocu course of action yapılacak sey rebuilding yeniden inşa to decide karar vermek to require icab et, istemek development gelişme responsible mesul,sorunlu difficult zor situation durum effect tesir special hususi emission nefretme,emisyon surface yüzey event olay to take place vuku bulmak, olmak to exist mevcut olmak transport naklıyat, tasıma
expensive pahalı to vibrate titremek government hükümek wealth servet, zenginlik industrialization sanaileş(tir)me Anlama soruları: 1. When was transport very difficult? What was very difficult? 2. To whom is parliament responsible in this form of government? 3. To whom is parliament responsible in this of government? 4. When did the first bacillus come to light? what came to light? 5. When has war always existed? What has always existed? 6. What was the invention of writing? 7. What was expensive and difficult? When was it expensive and difficult? 8. How do workers receive payment? 9. How do workers receive payment? 10. What do these statistics do? 11. What can he not do? 12. What did they understand? When did they understand the cause? 13. What was intense in this area? Why was it intense in this area? 14. From where does most of the wealth of the country come? What comes from the production of raw materials? 15. What comes from the agricultural areas? From where does most of the produce of Turkey come? 16. What is necessary according to the ideas in this book? 17. What is necessary? Why is protective clothing necessary? 18. What have they read about? Where have they read about it? 19. Why does condensation take place 20. What do the molecules do? Where do they vibrate? 21. What did he measure? 22. What accumulates in the muscles of the leg? 23. What are the cause of the difference in the results? What do these mistakes cause? 24. What comes from the vibration of the molecules? Where does the emission of light come from? 25. What does the government require? How long does it require them? 26. What could they not do? Why could they not decide on a course of action? 27. When did many new developments take place? 28. How much will be rebuilding cost? Alıştırma: 37. Aşağıda verilen cümlelerde bulunan edat takımlarını belirleyerek bütün cümleyi tercüme ediniz. 1.The transport of heavy object became easier after the invention of the wheel. 2.The responsibility of government falls upon parliament in this form of government. 3.during a study of the disease of leprosy the bacillus of this disease came to light. 4.The long history of man is full of accounts of war, poverty and disease. 5.After the discovery of the use of electricity for lighting purposes the lighting of large cities became easy efficient. 6.One of the most important events in the long history of man is the invention of writing several thousands of years ago. 7.The division of labour is one of the most important features in the development of the life of a community. 8.The increase in the expectancy of life is one the chief indications of a rising standard of living in any community. 9.The burden of proof of guilt does not fall on the accused. 10.after the discovery of radium, protection from the effects of radiation became a matter of importance in science. 11.The existence of coal was one of the important reasons for intense industrialization in England during the 19th century.
12.The increase in the production of raw materials has caused an increase in the wealth of the country as a whole. 13.The agricultural areas of Turkey supply most of the produce both for export and for home consumption. 14.Nationalisation of the coal industry is essential in view of the increase in the consumption of coal in the country. 15.Radiation from space causes the necessity for protective measures to prevent damage to equipment. 16.An article in the newspaper describes the dangers of the situation. 17.Loss of heat into the surrounding air causes condensation on the surface of the solid. 18.The vibration of the molecules in thin gases causes an emission of light in the tubes. 19.The calcium content in the blood of the animal increased. 20.The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles of the leg causes tiredness. 21.The difference in the results of these experiments is due to the mistakes in measuring. 22.The raw materials from the mines in this area are of high quality. 23.The decision on a course of action many difficulties. 24.The discovery of the element led to many new developments in this field. 25.The government will supply the money to cover the cost of rebuilding. account hikaye to come to light meydana çıkmak accumulation birikme community toplum accused sanık consumption kullanma agricultural ziral content muhteva article cisim country memleket area saha course of action yapılacak şey as a whole bütün olarak to cover the cost masrafı ödemek burden yük, külfet damage zarar case dava danger tehlike to cause sebeb olmak decision karar century yüzyıl to desert be tarif etmek chef başta ola, başlıca development gelişme difference fark loss kayıp difficult zor measures tedbir disease hastalık measuring ölçme division bölüm mine ocak due to...den ileri gelir nationalization devletleştirmek effect tesir necessary lazım efficient verimli, etkili necessity lüzum emission neşretme,emisyon object cisim equipment cihaz parliament millet meclis essential şart poverty sefalet fakirlik event olay to prevent önlemek to exist mevcut ol,var olmak produce üretim existence varlık,mevcudiyet production üretim,imalat expectancy of life yaşama müddeti proof ispat expensive pahalı protective koruyucu export ihracat purpose maksat,gaye to fall upon düşmek quality kalite feature hususiyet raw material ham madde field saha reason sebeb government hükümet rebuilding yeniden inşa guilt suçluluk responsibility mesuliyet,sorumluluk heat isı result netice,sonuç
home iç rising yükselen to increase artmak,çoğalmak situation durum indication işaret solid katı industrialization sanaileştirme space uzay industry endüstri,sanal standard seviye intense konsantre to supply vermek,temin etmek in view of dolayısıyla surface yüzey labour iş surrounding etraftaki to lead to yol açmak tiredness yorgunluk leprosy cüzzam transport taşıma,nakliyat light işık war harb lighting işıklandırma wealth servet,zenginlik living hayat Anlama soruları: 1. What became easier after the invention of the wheel? 2. What falls upon parliament? 3. When did the leprosy bacillus come to light? 4. What is the long history of man full of? 5. What became easy and efficient? When did it become easy an efficient? When was the invention of writing? 6. In what is the division of labour an important feature? 7. What is one of the chief indications of a rising standard of living? What is the increase in the expectancy of life? 8. What does not fall on the accused? 9. What became a matter of importance in science? When did this become a matter of importance? 10. What was one of the important reasons for intense industrialization? When did intense industrialization take place in England? What took place England during the 19th century? 11. What has caused an increase in the wealth of the country? What has an increase in the production of raw materials caused? 12. What supply most of the produce? What do the agricultural areas of Turkey do? 13. What is essential? Why is it essential? 14. What causes the necessity for protective measures? What are the protective measures for? 15. What does an article in the newspaper do? 16. What causes condensation on the surface of the solid? Where does the condensation occur? What does the condensation do? 17. What causes an emission of light? Where is the emission of light? What does the vibration of the molecules do? 18. What did the calcium content do? What increased? 19. What cause tiredness? Where is the accumulation of lactic acid? 20. What is due to the mistakes in measuring? Where is the difference? 21. What are of high quality? 22. What caused many difficulties? 23. What led to many new developments? What did the discovery of the element do? 24. What will the government do? What is the money for? Alıştırma: 38. 1-10 a) Siyah yazılı olan fiili öznesiyle beraber tercüme ediniz. b) Arka arkaya gelen edat takımları belirleyerek tercüme ediniz. c) Cümleye yerleştirip (başına veya fiile yakın) bütün cümleyi tercüme ediniz. Örnek: 1. They discovered the bacteria during a study of this disease. a) (onlar) keşfettiler b) (during a study of this disease) bu hastalığın araştırması esnasında
c) Bakterileri bu hastalığın araştırması esnasında keşfettiler. 1. They discovered the bacteria during a study of this disease. 2. They elected the president without waiting for the meeting. 3. We discovered the disease from the results of the experiments. 4. We used gas before the discovery of electricity. 5. Elections do not exist in this form of government. 6. They estimated the amount according to the extent of the damage. 7. They are not in college for the duration of the holiday. 8. They did not understand this before the discovery of the atom. 9.They prepared the machine for a test before use. 10. They had a different explanation before the discovery of the electron. amount miktar to exist mevcud olmak bacteria bakteriler explanation açıklama damage zarar extent genişlik to discovery keşfetmek form şekil discovery keşif government hükümet disease hastalık meeting toplantı duration müddet president reis,başkan to elect seçmek to prepare hazırlamak election seçim result netice,sonuç to estimate tahmin etmek study araştırma Anlama Soruları: 1. When did they discovery the bacteria? 6.How did they estimate the amount? 2. When did they elect the president? 7.Where are they not in college? 3. How did day discovery the disease? 8.When did they not understand this? 4. When did we use gas? 9.For what did they prepare the machine? 5. Where do elections not exist? 10.When did day have a different explanation? Alıştırma: 39. 1-20 Siyah yazılı olan fiili, öznesiyle beraber tercüme ediniz. a) Edat takımlarını ayırıp, yerleştirerek bütün cümleyi tercüme ediniz. 1. Plants on sandy soil grow more slowly than plants on well-watered humus. 2. The discovery of the bacteria was a most important development in science. 3. The amount of calcium in the blood increased after the injection. 4. The extent of the damage differs in the two cases. 5. The discovery of the electron transformed scientific thinking in physics. 6. Many different theories on the nature of matter existed before the discovery of the electron. 7. The classification of insects required years of work by large numbers of naturalists. 8. The amount of payment varies with the extent of the damage to the buildings. 9. Agricultural areas in Turkey supply most of the produce for the home market 10. The forest areas of northern Turkey receive most of their rainfall in spring? 11. Most of this area receives its water supply from the mountains in the east. 12. The mountains in the eastern regions provide most of the water supply for this area. 13. The use of electricity for lighting purposes quickly replaced gas in most of the large cities of Europe. 14. In this form of government freedom of speech and movement do not exist to any great extent. 15. The type of plant in this area varies greatly with the altitude.
agricultural zirai freedom hürriyet produce üretim altitude yükseklik home market iç piyasa, pazar to provide sağlamak amount miktar government hükümet purpose maksat,gaye area saha speech söz rainfall yağış bacteria bakteriler supply miktar region bölge calcium kalsiyum to supply sağlamak, vermek to replace yerine almak case hal theory teori to require icap etmek, istemek classification sınıflandırma to increase artmak çoğalmak sandy kumlu damage zarar insect böcek scientific ilmi,bilimsel development gelişme lighting işıklandırma soil toprak to differ farklı olmak matter madde to transform değiştirmek discovery keşif movement seyahat to vary çeşitli olmak east doğu,şark naturalist tabiatçı well-watered bol sulanmış to exist mevcut olmak nature tabiat extent genişlik northern kuzey great extent büyük nispet payment para forest orman physics fizik form şekil plant bitki Anlama soruları: 1.Which plants grow more slowly? Where do plants grow more slowly? 2.What was the discovery of the bacteria? 3.What increased? When did it increase? 4.What differs in the two cases? 5.What transformed scientific thinking? What did the discovery of the electron do? 6.What existed before the discovery of the electron? When did many different theories exist? 7.What did the classification of insects require? 8.With what does the amount of payment vary? 9.What do the agricultural areas of Turkey supply? 10.What receive most of their rainfall in spring? When do they receive it? 11.From where does most of this area receive its water supply? 12.What provide most of the water supply? For what do they provide most of the water supply? 13. What replaced gas in most of the large cities? Where did electricity replace gas? 14.Where does freedom of speech and movement not exist to any great extent? 15.What varies with the altitude? 4. Özne+Geçimli Fiil+Nesne Nesne fiilden hemen sonra gelen isimdir. Cümleyi anlamak için nesneyi (varsa) bulup, fiilden evvel tercüme etmek gerekir. örnek: özne fiil nesne özne nesne fiil the man painted the house Adam evi boyadı Alıştırma : 40. 1-20 a) siyah yazılı fiili, öznesiyle beraber tercüme ediniz. b) siyah yazılı fiilin hemen sonra gelen isim bulup tercüme ediniz. c) fiilden önce yerleştirilip bütün cumleyı tercüme ediniz.
örnek : 1) the professor explained the problem. a) profesor izah etti b) problem, problemi c) profesör problemi izah etti 1. the professor explained the problem 11.The professor described this method. 2. the students performed the experiment. 12.Scientists understood the problem 3. The plants performed their function. 13.The specialist cured the disease. 4. The student translated the sentence. 14.The scientist injected the substance 5. The doctor cured his disease 15.The workers used the raw materials. 6. the workers prepared the machine 16.The student measured the volume. 7. Madame curie discovered radium 17.The worker divided the work. 8. the scientist estimated the amount 18.The doctors treated the disease. 9. the members elected the president 19.The plant absorbed the water. 10.The scientist employed this method. 20.Edison invented the electric bulb. to absorb absorbe etmek invent icad etmek amount miktar member üye bulb ampul to perform yapmak icra etmek to cure tedavi etmek plant bitki to discover keşfetmek to prepare hazırlamak disease hastalık president reis to elect oyla seçmek scientist fenci, ilim adamı to employ kullanmak specialist mütehassis to estimate tahmin etmek substance madde to explain izah etmek, açıklamak to translate tercüme etmek function fonksiyon, iş to use kullanmak to inject enjekte etmek volume hacim Anlama soruları: 1.What did the professor explain? 2.What did the students perform? 3.What did the plants perform? 4.What did the student translate? 5.What did the doctor cure? 6.What did the workers prepare? 7.What did Madame Curie discover? 8.What did the scientist estimate? 9.Who did the members elect? 10.What did the scientist employ? 11.what did the professor describe? 12.What did scientists understand? 13.What did the specialist cure? 14.What did the scientist inject? 15.What did the workers use? 16.What did the student measure? 17.What did the workers divide? 18.What did the doctors treat? 19.What did the plant absorb? 20.What did Edison invent? Alıştırma: 41.7 ve 20 numaralı cümlelerden başka, 1-20 ye kadar olumsuz şekile koyunuz ve Türkçeye çeviriniz. Alıştırma: Şimdi aynı cümleler (7ve 20 farklı) özneden, nesneden sonra konmuş birer edat takımı ilave edilmiş durumda aşağıda verilmiştir. 42. a) Siyah yazılı fiilin öznesini, nesnesini bulup tercüme ediniz. b) Özneyi tamamlayan edat takımını özneden önce; nesneyi tamamlayan edat takımını nesneden önce
yerleştirip tercüme ediniz. c)bütün cümleyi tercüme ediniz. Örnek: The professor mathematics explained the problem in the book. Fiilin öznesi: The professor Profesör Nesnesi: the problem problem Özneyi tamamlayan edat takımı: of mathematics matematik Nesneyi tamamlayan edat takımı: in the book kitapdaki 1. The professor mathematics explained the problem in the book. 2. The students of chemistry performed the experiment in condensation. 3. The plants with broad leaves performed their function of transpiration. 4. The student in the English class translated the sentence in Turkish. 5. The doctor from the other hospital cured his disease of the blood. 6. The workers in this department prepared the machine in the laboratory. 7. The scientist in charge of this experiment estimated the amount of the substance. 8. The members of the committee elected the president of this society. 9. Scientists from all over the world employed this method of working. 10. The professor of Chemistry described this method of working. 11. Scientists from many parts of the world understood this problem. 12. The specialist in blood diseases cured the disease in these patients. 13. The scientist from the other department injected the substance from this bottle. 14. The workers in this research project divided the work of this department. 15. The student in the physics class measured the volume of the gas. 16. The workers in the research project used the raw materials from Germany. 17. The doctors from two hospitals treated this disease of the tissues. 18. The plant with broad leaves absorbed the water in the soil.