HIZAL ELEKTROEROZYON SANAYİ ve TİCARET LTD. TuranÇiğdem Cad.No.3 OSTİM V.D. Ark. ANKARA-TURKEY Tel: (90) 0 - (312) 354 00 82, 354 67 16 Fax: (90) 0 - (312) 354 54 98 www.hizaledm.com, hizalm@windowslive.com TECHNICAL DETAILS of THE TEST SYSTEMS A ) 2MV LIGHTNING IMPULSE TEST SYSTEM SCOPE of THE EQUIPMENT 2.4 MV (No Load) impulse generator 200 kv DC Charging Unit 2.4 MV Capacitive Voltage Divider Lightning Impulse Resistor Groups Safety Grounding Sytems Control and Measurement Cables Impulse Generator Control Unit Double Beam Digital Storage Oscilloscope Operation / Maintanence Instructions and Test Reports Installation on Site and Operator Training DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS 2.4 MV Impulse Generator The Impulse Generator is of Marx multiplier circuit design consisting of 12 stages, each stage having the following technical specifications ; Stage capacitance : 125 nf Maximum Charging Voltage per Stage : 200 kv No of Capacitors per stage : 2 Other characteristics of the Impulse Generator are as follows : Total Number of Stages : 12 Total Impulse capacitance : 8.33 nf Maximum Charging Voltage : 2.4 MV Maximum Energy Stored : 24 kjoules 1
The Impulse Generator is constructed from nonhydroscobic insulating materials on a steel frame which also carries the charging unit for improved stability. The generator is designed for minimum internal inductance with proper resistive compensation to prevent oscillations and ringing. The stages of the generator are normally connected in series, however when required any number of stages can be used at one time and also they can be connected in parallel and series combinations to adjust the voltage and energy of the generator for a given load. The generator is equipped by automatic safety grounding systems which discharges the generator energy when the power is switched off or on a power outage. A set of wave shaping resistors are supplied with the generator in order to adjust the impulse waveshape for different loads. DC Charging Unit The DC charging unit of the Impulse Generator has the following specifications : Maximum DC Output Voltage : 200 kv Maximum Continuous Output Current : 100 ma Intermittent Max. Current ( 50 % duty cycle ) : 150 ma Input Power requirement : 220 Volt, 50 Hz, 100 Amp. Max. 2.4 MV Capacitive Voltage Divider A multiunit damped capacitive voltage divider of noninductive design is supplied with the following characteristics ; Maximum Impulse Voltage : 2.4 MV peak Waveshape for correct Calibration : 1.2 / 50 µsec Lightning Impulse Total HV Arm capacitance : 600 pf Number of HV arm capacitor : 2 of 1200 pf Maximum Response Time : 0.1 µsec Number of Interchangable LV Arm Units : 3 An additional Oscilloscope Input Divider Unit is also supplied for further dividing the signal by a factor of 3. Lightning Impulse Resistor Groups The resistors of the Impulse Generator are of three groups, namely the charging resistors, the wavefront resistors and the wave tail resistors. the charging resistors are normal wirewound resistors whereas the other are noninductive wirewound ( bifilar ) resistors. All the resistors are epoxy varnished and placed in protective housings for stability and long life. There are charging, front and tail resistors in each stage of the generator as well as external resistors for easy and quick adjustment of the waveshape. 2
The internal waveshaping resistors can also be fitted and removed easily adjusting the generator parameters for different loads. for Safety Grounding Sytems The Impulse generator is equipped with an automatic grounding system which discharges the generator capacitors through suitable resistors when the energy is switched off, a motor operated grounding system which short circuits all the capacitors in the generator to ensure safety when it is necessary to change the generator resistors or connections and a manual grounding rod for improved safety. Control and Measurement Cables Control and measurement cables are used to operate the generator remotely from a control room and to transmit the voltage divider output signal to the oscilloscope in the control room. these are properly shielded and coaxial cables of 20 m length. Impulse Generator Control Unit The Impulse Generator Control Unit consist of charging voltage supply which is smoothly adjustable from zero to the maximum value, a digital charging voltage meter and generator firing and grounding controls. The unit is also equipped with an isolating transformer and HF filter system in order to supply the measuring Oscilloscope from a safe and noise free source. Double Beam Digital Storage Oscilloscope A 60 MHz, 200 Msps, Digital storage Oscilloscope with two channels is supplied with the Impulse Measurement System. The Oscilloscope comes with the necessary software and cable / terminal for transferring the recorded waveforms to a PC for printing and documentation 3
B) 600 KV, 50 ma HIGH VOLTAGE AC TEST SYSTEM SCOPE of THE EQUIPMENT High Voltage Test Transformer High Voltage AC Voltage Divider Current Transformer Control Unit Overcurrent Protective resistor Supply and Measurement Cables Technical Documents and Users Manual Installation and Training DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS High Voltage Test Transformer High Voltage Test Transformer has the following specifications : Insulation : Oil impregnated paper under high vacuum ( < 0.1 mm Hg.) Maximum Output Voltage : 600 kv Maximum Continuous Output Current : 50 ma Maximum Intermittent Output Current : 100 ma at 20 % Duty cycle Design : Two units in Cascade, 300 kv s each. High Voltage AC Voltage Divider This system enables a direct and accurate measurement of the voltage applied to the test object. Design : Multiunit resistive HV column with calibrated LV arm and measurement cable HV Arm resistance : Approx. 2000 MOhm Divider Ratio : 1/2000 Current Transformer 1/1 transformer connected to the ground end of the HV winding. to provide safe isolation between HV winding and the measurement system 4
Control Unit This unit consists of a variac controlled power supply to the primary (LV) winding of the test transformer and a digital voltmeter for the HV divider output a ma meter for the test current which flows through the HV winding. Overcurrent Protective resistor This resistor protects the tranformer winding from overcurrents when a short circuit occurs in or across the test object by limiting the short circuit current to a safe value. The resistor has a value of approx. 1 Mohm and rated for short duration overcurrents ( < 1 sec) Supply and Measurement Cables These are the cables of approx. 20 m length used for supplying the power to the transformer s primary winding and for the measurement of the load voltage and load current. 5
C. 220 KV LIGHTNING IMPULSE TEST SYSTEM TECHNICAL DETAILS of THE TEST SYSTEM SCOPE of THE EQUIPMENT 220 kv (No Load) impulse generator 110 kv DC Charging Unit 220 kv Capacitive Voltage Divider Lightning Impulse Resistor Groups Safety Grounding Sytem Control and Measurement Cables Impulse Generator Control Unit Double Beam Digital Storage Oscilloscope Operation / Maintanence Instructions and Test Reports DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS 220 kv Impulse Generator The Impulse Generator is of Marx multiplier circuit design consisting of 2 stages, each stage having the following technical specifications ; Stage capacitance : 250 nf Maximum Charging Voltage per Stage : 110 kv No of Capacitors per stage : 2 Other characteristics of the Impulse Generator are as follows : 6
Total Number of Stages : 2 Total Impulse capacitance : 125 nf Maximum Charging Voltage : 220 kv MV Maximum Energy Stored : 3 kjoules The Impulse Generator is constructed from nonhydroscobic insulating materials on a steel frame which also carries the charging unit for improved stability. The generator is designed for minimum internal inductance with proper resistive compensation to prevent oscillations and ringing. The stages of the generator are normally connected in series, however when required any number of stages can be used at one time and also they can be connected in parallel and series combinations to adjust the voltage and energy of the generator for a given load. The generator is equipped by automatic safety grounding systems which discharges the generator energy when the power is switched off or on a power outage. A set of wave shaping resistors are supplied with the generator in order to adjust the impulse waveshape for different loads. DC Charging Unit The DC charging unit of the Impulse Generator has the following specifications : Maximum DC Output Voltage : 110 kv Maximum Continuous Output Current : 100 ma Intermittent Max. Current ( 50 % duty cycle ) : 150 ma Input Power requirement : 220 Volt, 50 Hz, 20 Amp. Max. 220 kv Capacitive Voltage Divider A multiunit damped capacitive voltage divider of noninductive design is supplied with the following characteristics ; 7
Maximum Impulse Voltage : 220 kv peak Waveshape for correct Calibration : 1.2 / 50 µsec Lightning Impulse Total HV Arm capacitance : 200 pf Number of HV arm capacitor : 200 pf Maximum Response Time : 0.1 µsec Number of Interchangable LV Arm Units : 1 Lightning Impulse Resistor Groups The resistors of the Impulse Generator are of three groups, namely the charging resistors, the wavefront resistors and the wave tail resistors. the charging resistors are normal wirewound resistors whereas the other are noninductive wirewound ( bifilar ) resistors. All the resistors are epoxy varnished and placed in protective housings for stability and long life. There are charging, front and tail resistors in each stage of the generator as well as external resistors for easy and quick adjustment of the waveshape. The internal waveshaping resistors can also be fitted and removed easily for adjusting the generator parameters for different loads. Safety Grounding Sytems The Impulse generator is equipped with an automatic grounding system which discharges the generator capacitors through suitable resistors when the energy is switched off, a motor operated grounding system which short circuits all the capacitors in the generator to ensure safety when it is necessary to change the generator resistors or connections and a manual grounding rod for improved safety. Control and Measurement Cables 8
Control and measurement cables are used to operate the generator remotely from a control room and to transmit the voltage divider output signal to the oscilloscope in the control room. these are properly shielded and coaxial cables of 8 m length. Impulse Generator Control Unit The Impulse Generator Control Unit consist of charging voltage supply which is smoothly adjustable from zero to the maximum value, a digital charging voltage meter and generator firing and grounding controls. The unit is also equipped with an isolating transformer and HF filter system in order to supply the measuring Oscilloscope from a safe and noise free source. Double Beam Digital Storage Oscilloscope A 20 MHz, 200 Msps, Digital storage Oscilloscope with two channels is supplied with the Impulse Measurement System. The Oscilloscope comes with the necessary software and cable / terminal for transferring the recorded waveforms to a PC for printing and documentation Operation and Maintanence An operators manual is supplied with the equipment which should be carefully studied before oparating the generator for maximum safety and trouble free operation. The system is almost maintanence free except periodic cleaning and removing dust from the insulating parts and the sphere-gaps. During transport and installation, it should be carefully observed that the generator s sphere-gap assembly and resistors are protected from bending, mechanical forces and displacement. The sphere-gaps are accurately adjusted for consistent firing of the generator. 9
100 KV, 50 ma HIGH VOLTAGE AC TEST SYSTEM TECHNICAL DETAILS of THE TEST SYSTEMS SCOPE of THE EQUIPMENT High Voltage Test Transformer High Voltage AC Voltage Divider Current Shunt Control Unit Overcurrent Protective resistor Supply and Measurement Cables Technical Documents and Users Manual DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS High Voltage Test Transformer High Voltage Test Transformer has the following specifications : Insulation : Oil impregnated paper under high vacuum ( < 0.1 mm Hg.) Maximum Output Voltage : 100 kv Maximum Continuous Output Current : 50 ma Maximum Intermittent Output Current : 100 ma at % 50 duty cycle, 150 ma at 20 % Duty cycle Design : Two units in Cascade, 50 kv s each. High Voltage AC Voltage Divider This system enables a direct and accurate measurement of the voltage applied to the test object. Design : Multiunit resistive HV column with calibrated LV arm and measurement cable HV Arm resistance : Approx. 300 MOhm Divider Ratio : 1/1000 Current measurement Shunt Shunt resistor connected to the ground end of the HV winding. to provide safe and accurate measurement of the HV winding current. 10
Control Unit This unit consists of a variac controlled power supply to the primary (LV) winding of the test transformer and a digital voltmeter for the HV divider output a ma meter for the test current which flows through the HV winding. Overcurrent Protective resistor This resistor protects the tranformer winding from overcurrents when a short circuit occurs in or across the test object by limiting the short circuit current to a safe value. The resistor has a value of approx. 1 Mohm and rated for short duration overcurrents ( duration < 1 sec) Supply and Measurement Cables These are the cables of approx. 8 m length used for supplying the power to the transformer s primary winding and for the measurement of the load voltage and load current. Users Manual This is supplied with the equipment 11
Appendix.1. Construction and Circuit Diagrams. DIAGRAM OF THE 100 KV AC TEST SYSTEM 12
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YÜKSEK GERİLİM DARBE GENERATÖRÜ GENEL KULLANMA TALİMATNAMESİ HIZAL ELEKTROEROZYON SANAYİ ve TİCARET LTD 15
1. MONTAJ VE YERLEŞTİRME Yüksek Gerilim darbe generatörü ve ölçme sistemi Şekil.1. deki gibi yerleştirilecek ve bağlantıları yapılacaktır. Ölçme sisteminde gürültü,girişim ve istenmeyen sinyalleri en az düzeyde tutmak için gösterilen yerleştirme ve bağlantı düzenine dikkat edilmesi gereklidir. Ayrıca gerek sistemin sağlıklı çalışması gerekse dışarıdaki diğer hassas cihazların (bilgisayar vs.) korunması amacıyla Yüksek Gerilim Darbe Generatörü, zemininde iyi bir toprak ağı bulunan ve bir Faraday Kafesi yapısına sahip bir laboratuvara yerleştirilmelidir. 2. ÇALIŞTIRMA ve TEST GERİLİMİNİN AYARLANMASI Yukarıda zikredilen tüm bağlantıların doğru yapıldığı kontrol edildikten sonra, generatörün çalıştırılması için aşağıdaki sıra takip edilir. a) El -Topraklama çubuğunu kaldırınız. b) Kontrol panosu üzerindeki voltaj ayar düğmesini ( variak kolu ) minimuma ( en sola ) getiriniz ve ana güç şalterini ON a getiriniz. c) Mains ON Butonuna basarak panoya güç veriniz. Osiloskop anahtarına basarak çalışmasını sağlayınız ve Osiloskobu Single veya Normal moduna getiriniz.. d) HV ON Butonuna basarak yüksek gerilim yükleme sistemini çalıştırınız. Bu sistemin çalışması için her defasında gerilim ayar düğmesinin ( variak kolu ) en solda bulunması gerektiğini unutmayınız. Generatörün yeniden şarj edilebilmesi için READY ışığının yanması gereklidir. e) Generatörün sağlıklı ve kararlı çalışması küre aralıklarının doğru ayarlanmış olmasına bağlıdır. Küreler tam kapalıyken en alt küre aralığı yaklaşık 0.5 mm diğer küre aralıkları 1 mm olmalıdır. f) Gerilim ayar düğmesini yavaşça sağa doğru çevirerek ( Increase Voltage ) generatör kademelerini istenilen gerilime yükleyiniz. Osiloskobun ( RUN ) butonuna basarak sinyali kayda hazır duruma getiriniz. g) Bu durumda, FIRE Butonuna basarak generatörü ateşleyebilirsiniz.fire Butonu üzerinde parmağınızı bir saniye kadar tutunuz ve bırakınız. Böylece generatör küre aralıkları bir sonraki ateşleme için uygun pozisyonu otomatik olarak alacaktır. h) Osiloskop, gerilim bölücüsünden gelen sinyali kaydettikten sonra Osiloskobun MEASURE kontrolü yardımıyla gerilimin büyüklüğü ölçülebilir veya hafızaya kaydedilebilir. 3.GENERATÖRÜN KAPATILMASI Generatör bir otomatik emniyet topraklama düzeni ve birde el - topraklama çubuğuna sahiptir. Otomatik topraklama düzeni HV ON a basılmasıyla birlikte devreden çıkar ve OFF a basılınca otomatik olarak kapanır. Bu nedenle, Generatör yüklendikten sonra herhangi bir nedenle kapatılmak istenirse hemen OFF a basılmamalı, KESİNLİKLE yükün ölçme direnci üzerinden yavaşça boşalması beklenmeli veya generatör ateşlenerek boşaltılmalıdır. HIZAL ELEKTROEROZYON SANAYİ ve TİCARET LTD 16
Generatör kapasitörlerindeki gerilim az bir düzeye ( 3-4 kv) indikten sonra OFF a basılmalıdır. Aksi takdirde oldukça büyük olan generatör kapasitanslarındaki enerji şarj dirençlerine ve otomatik topraklama sistemine zarar verebilir. Ayrıca kondansatörlerin yüksek akımla çok ani boşalması da kondansatörlerin ömrünü azaltabilir. j) Generatör kapatıldıktan ve otomatik topraklamanın çalıştığı ve voltmetredeki gerilimin sıfıra düştüğü GÖZLE görüldükten sonra MUTLAKA El topraklama çubuğu uygun yerine ( birinci kademe SOL küre çubuğuna ) yerleştirilmelidir. Generatör kondansatörleri oldukça büyük olduğundan bunlarda kalacak az bir gerilim dahi hayati tehlike oluşturabilir. DARBE GENERATÖRÜ ŞEMASI HIZAL ELEKTROEROZYON SANAYİ ve TİCARET LTD 17
ŞEKİL.1. YÜKSEK GERİLİM DARBE GENERATÖRÜ YERLEŞTİRME ve BAĞLANTI ŞEMASI HIZAL ELEKTROEROZYON SANAYİ ve TİCARET LTD 18
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