UNIT FOUR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ)

UNIT FOUR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ)

NELER ÖĞRENECEĞİZ? Bu ünitenin sonunda; 1. Bilgisayar ve internet ile ilgili bir okuma parçasını okuyup anlayabilecek, konu ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabilecek, 2. Edilgen yapıda cümleler kurabileceksiniz. NASIL ÇALIŞMALIYIZ ūū Konuyu dikkatlice okuyunuz. ūū Konuda yeni geçen kelimeleri öğreniniz. ūū Alıştırmaları yapmadan önce örnekleri dikkatle inceleyiniz. ūū Alıştırmaları ve testleri çözdükten sonra kontrol edip yanlış yaptığınız alıştırmaların ve testlerin konularını tekrar çalışınız. 66

PART ONE Computer and Internet (Bilgisayar ve İnternet) Computer and Internet is everywhere, and it is loved and used by everyone for everything. Many of us get up in the morning, and before saying hello to anyone or before having breakfast, we sit down, turn on our computer and use the internet. We got our news, receive our mail, do our shopping, and review all the knowledge in the universe. Most of us do it while we are sitting in a chair looking at the screen. Could life be any better and easier? The 21th century is the age of improvements. Mankind made many inventions and developments in this century. Of course there were many developments made earlier but there are some developments which we even can t imagine. Among others there is an invention that changed our lives completely; computers. Personal computers began to be a part of our lives in the 80 s. With the development of technology computers become smaller, cheaper and portable. Later laptops came to our lives. They were portable. We carried them in bags. Now tablet pc s appeared. They are smaller than laptops. They can even be carried in your pocket. The history of the computer goes to 1940 s. The first computer ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was so big that you can t imagine. It weight 30 tones. It was 167 square meters big. ENIAC needed 150 thousand watts energy to work. This computer was used first in the population census by Americans. The name of the computer was Mark-1. In the year 1964 Douglas Engelbart invented the first mouse. Engelbart s mouse could only go to one direction. The first today like computer was made in 1977. It had got a monitor and a keyboard. IBM made the first personal home computer in 1983. Its name was PX / XT. Turkey met with computer in 1960. ENIAC was brought to Turkey by the General Directorate of Highways. In 1980 professor Abdullah Atalar made a computer by changing a black-white television into a computer screen. 67

In 1989, the world wide web was presented to the world. Three w changed everything in the world. People began to get connected to the world easily by clicking www. The World Wide Web also changed the way we trade. Everything became easier. Among the years men have been investigating and developing new things for the benefit of human kind. It is obvious that many investigations will be made in the future which we can t imagine. Our hope and duty is to use these inventions truly and effectively. Unknown Words (Bilinmeyen Kelimeler) breakfast : kahvaltı receive : almak shopping : alışveriş review : tekrar knowledge : bilgi universe : kainat chair : sandalye better : daha iyi easier : daha kolay century : yüzyıl improvement : gelişme mankind : insanlık, insanoğlu invention : icat, buluş development : gelişme imagine : hayal etmek computer : bilgisayar portable : taşınabilir pocket : cep need : ihtiyaç population census : nüfüs sayımı direction : yön meet : buluşma 68

General Directorate of Highways : Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü change : değişme computer screen : bilgisayar ekranı presented : sunulmak connected : bağlanmak trade : ticaret investigating : araştırmak benefit : fayda duty : görev effectively : etkili 1. Parçaya göre doğru olan kelimeyi işaretleyiniz. 1. Computer and internet is loved and used by no one / everyone for everything. 2. The 20th century is the year / age of inventions. 3. Computers / automobiles began to be a part of our lives in the 80 s. 4. Engelbart s mouse could only go to one / two direction(s). 5. The first computer / laptop had got 10 mb capacities. 2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun kelimelerle doldurunuz. 1. Americans used the computer widely at the... in the United States. 2.... met with ENIAC, the first computer in the year 1960. 3. Professor Abdullah Atalar made a computer at Bilkent University by changing... into a computer screen. 69

4. In 1989, the... was presented to the world. 5. Among the years man is... new things. 3. Metni okuyunuz ve soruları cevaplandırınız. 1. How big was the first computer? 2. When was the first mouse invented? 3. Who invented the first mouse? 4. When was the first personal computer made? 5. Did the world wide web change the why we trade? 70

ENGLISH EIGHT (İNGİLİZCE 8) PART TWO Passive Voice (Edilgen Çatı) Edilgen yapı cümlede eylemi yapan bilinmiyorsa, eylemi yapan önemsizse veya eylemi yapan çok belirginse kullanılır. People grow the in Rize. (İnsanlar Rize de çay yetiştirirler.) Cümlesinde eylemi yapan çok önemli değildir yapılan iş yapan kişi veya kişilerden daha önemlidir. Bu yüzden bu cümleyi Passive olarak yazmak daha doğru doğru olacaktır. Tea is grown in Rize. (Rize de çay yetiştirilir.) Someone broke the vase. (Biri vazoyu kırmış.) The window is broken. (Pencere kırık.) Ancient Egyptians built the pyramids. (Eski Mısırlılar piramitleri inşa etti.) 71

Bu cümlede yapılan eylem daha önemli olduğu için Passive Voice kullanılabilir. Yapanları da belirtmek istersek cümlenin sonuna by ancient Egyptians getiririz. The pyramids were built by the ancient Egypts. (Piramitler eski Mısırlılar tarafında inşa edildi.) They serve breakfast from 8 to10 in this hotel. (Onlar bu otelde her sabah kahvaltıyı 8 den 10 a kadar servis ederler.) Bu cümlede kahvaltıyı servis edenlerden ziyade kahvaltının servis edilmesi önemlidir. Bu yüzden cümle edilgen yapıda kullanılması daha doğrudur. Servis edenler önemli olmadığı için yazılmazlar. Cümle aşağıdaki gibi edilgen yapıda yazılır: Breakfast is served from 8 to 10 every morning in this hotel. (Bu otelde kahvaltı her sabah 8 den 10 a kadar servis edilir.) Active Cümleyi Passive Cümleye Çevirme Active cümlenin nesnesi passive cümlenin öznesi konumuna getirilir, to be fiili uygun zamana göre yeniden yazılır.(tabloya bakınız) Fiil 3. hâle getirilir.(kitabın sonundaki düzensiz fiil listesine bakınız.) Etken cümlenin öznesi cümle sonuna by ile birlikte eklenebilir. A stone breaks the glass. (Bir taş camı kırar.) 72

Edilgen cümlede (Passive Voice) ise cümleye nesne ile başlanır.bu durum nesnenin özneye göre daha önemli olduğunu ifade eder. Etken cümledeki özne de önemli ise cümle sonunda by ile biirlikte kullanılabir. The glass is broken by a stone. (Cam taş ile kırılır.) Workers do the cleaning. (İşçiler temizliği yaparlar.) The cleaning is done by the workers. (Temizlik işçiler tarafından yapılır.) Students must wear school uniforms at school. (Öğrenciler okulda okul üniforması giymek zorundalar.) School uniforms must be worn by students at school. (Öğrenciler tarafından okulda okul üniforması giyilmelidir.) TENSES ACTIVITE PASSIVE VERB Present Continuous Tense am / is / are V1 ing am / is / are being verb 3 Past Continuous Tense was / were V1 ing was / were being verb 3 Simple Present Tense V1 am / is / are verb 3 Simple Past Tense V2 was / were verb 3 Simple Future Tense will V1 will be verb 3 Near future am / is / are going to V1 am / is/ are going to be verb 3 Present perfect tense have / has V3 have / has been verb 3 Past perfect tenses had V3 had been verb 3 73

must must V1 must be verb 3 can can V1 can be verb 3 may may may be verb 3 should should should be verb 3 could could could be verb 3 Ali can buy a car. (Ali bir araba satın alabilir.) A car can be bought by Ali. (Bir araba Ali tarafından alınabilir.) Passive bir cümleyi olumsuz yapmak istersek to be fiilinden sonra not getiririz. The police couldn t catch the thief. (Polis hırsızı yakalayamadı.) The thief couldn t be caught by the police. (Hırsız polis tarafından yakalanamadı.) Ahmet hasn t painted the door white. (Ahmet evi beyaza boyamadı.) The house hasn t been painted white by Ahmet. (Ev Ahmet tarafından beyaza boyanmadı.) 74

I haven t seen such a nice garden before. I haven t seen such a nice garden before. (Daha önce böyle güzel bir bahçe görmedim.) Such a nice garden hasn t been seen by me before. (Daha önce benim tarafımdan böyle güzel bir bahçe görülmedi.) 4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerin Active Voice ya da Passive Voice olduğunu yazınız. 1. They often listen to the classical music.... 2. The car must be cleaned.... 3. His toys were broken in the garden.... 4. Mr. Anderson teaches English.... 5. The house is being cleaned by the servants.... 6. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake in 1999 in Gölcük....... 75

7. The food is going to be served at 8, 00 pm. 8. The children were helped by the police.... 9. You should study your lesson.... 10. Different vegetables were grown by a farmer in the south....... 5. Aşağıdaki cümleleri Passive Voice a çeviriniz. 1. I have eaten döner. Döner... by me. 2. She took my bike. My bike... by her. 3. Ali is washing the car. The car... by Ali. 4. Kerim had seen the thief. The thief... by Kerim. 5. I was cleaning the house. The house... by me. 6. We can help her. She... by us. 7. Someone had stolen the car. The car... by the child. 8. The child has broken the vase. The vase... by the child. 9. Ayşe cleaned the window. The window... by Ayşe. 76

10. They ate the meal. The meal... by them. 11. The home team won the game. The game... by the home team. 12. Rita told me the whole story yesterday. The whole story... me by Rita. 13. My teacher didn t give me a good mark. A good mark... me by the teacher. 14. The publishing house hasn t published my last book. My last book... by the publishing house. 15. The gardener watered the flowers. The flowers... by the gardener. 16. Şule had cleaned her room. Her room... by Şule. 17. Fatih Sultan Mehmet conquered İstanbul in 1453. İstanbul... by Fatih Sultan Mehmet in 1453. 18. Teachers evaluated the papers. The papers... by the teachers. 19. The principle will make the arrangements tomorrow. The arrangements... tomorrow by the principle. 20. My father takes medicine every day. Medicine... by my father every day. 77

UNIT FOUR (TEST) 1. All of the food in the kitchen... eaten. A) is be B) has been C) have been D) had be 2. The new worker..to a new neighborhood to work for two months. A) has sent B) was send C) has been sent D) sending 3. The car by the mechanic now. A) is being repaired B) repair C) repairs D) was repair 4. The movie by Kerim before. A) see B) sew C) had been seen D) is saw 5. All the meal.. by my brother. A) are eats B) is eat C) was eaten D) do ate 78

6. Another vehicle.. by us. A) will take B) takes C) is take D) should be taken 7. The money.by George. A) stole B) was stolen C) is steal D) steals 8. The window by the child. A) is break B) breaks C) break D) was broken 9. Spanish.. in Mexico. A) is speak B) speaks C) is spoken D) was speak 10. The letter..by the secretary. A) writes B) was written C) is write D) was writing 79

11. My money purse... A) was stolen B) are stolen C) do steal D) steals 12. The door.. at nine o clock. A) are opened B) opens C) opening D) is opened 13. Be careful. You. by him. A) can be beaten B) can beat C) beats D) beaten 14-18. sorularda verilen cümlelerin Passive Voice a çevrilmiş şeklini bulunuz. 14. The postman delivers the letters. A) The letters are delivered by the postman. B) The letters is delivered by the postman. C) The letters was deliver by the postman. D) The letter delivered by the postman. 15. I will mail the letters tomorrow. A) The letters will be mail tomorrow. B) The letters mailed tomorrow. C) The letters will be mailed tomorrow. D) The letters is mailed tomorrow. 80

16. We sold the last computer an hour ago. A) The last computer were sold an hour ago. B) The last computer was sold an hour ago. C) The last computer selling an hour ago. D) The last computer was selled an hour ago. 17. They watered the flowers. A) The water is the flowers. B) The flowers is watering. C) The house will water. D) The flowers were watered. 18-25. sorularda verilen cümlelerin Active Voice a çevrilmiş şeklini bulunuz. 18. The house is being painted now. A) The house is painted now. B) Paintings are at home. C) Are the painters painting? D) They are painting he house now. 19. The message will be sent in two hours. A) They send the message in two hours. B) They will sended the message. C) They will send the message in two hours. D) A message is being ready. 20. The ship was damaged by the storm. A) The storm was damaged by the ship. B) The storm will not behave well. C) The storm damaged the ship. D) The ship is damaged by the storm. 81

21. The room was tidied up by my mother. A) My mother is very kind. B) My mother tidied up the room. C) The room tidied up my room. D) My room needs to be tidied. 22. The dictionary is always used by me. A) I always use the dictionary. B) I always used to dictionary. C) The dictionary will be used. D) Dictionaries are widely used. 23. Litter mustn t be dropped in the street. A) The streets must be dropped. B) You mustn t drop litter in the street. C) Nobody drops litter in this place. D) Put litters into garbage can. 24. Less money is being spent this year. A) Less money people spend this year. B) People will spend less money. C) People money less spend this year. D) People are spending less money this year. 25. Five questions were solved by him. A) They solving five questions so far. B) They questions so far five solving. C) Solving questions are easy. D) He solved five questions so far. 82