Nerelerde Kullanılır: 1. Geçmişte devam eden bir eylem anında gene geçmişte olup biten başka bir eylem anlatılırken. (Bu anlatımda when veya while bağlaçları kullanılır.) I was studying when Ayşe telephoned. (Geçmişte devam eden eylem) (Geçmişte olup biten eylem) (Ayşe telefon ettiği zaman ben ders çalışıyordum.) Bu cümleyi şöyle de söyleyebiliriz: When Ayşe telephoned I was studying. John left home while his mother was cooking. (Annesi yemek pişirirken John evden ayrıldı.) Bu cümleyi şöy1e de söyleyebiliriz: While his mother was cooking John left home. 2. Geçmişte, aynı anda devam etmekte olan iki ayrı eylemi anlatırken. (Bu anlatımda while, as, just as bağlaçları kullanlır.) I was making a cake (Geçmişte dovam etmekte olan 1. eylem) while Erdal was sleeping. while Erdal was sleeping (Aynı anda devam etmekte olan 2. eylem) (Ben kek yaparken Erdal uyuyordu.) 1 / 12
Bu cümleyi şöyle de söyleyebiliriz : While Erdal was sleeping I was making a cake (Erdal uyurken ben kek yapıyordum.) Erdem was reading an English book while Ayşe was watching TV. (Ayşe televizyon seyrederken Erdem İngilizce bir kitap okuyordu.) (Geçmişte devam eden eylem) NOT: «while, when, as» bağlaçlarını cümlede doğru yerde kullanabilmek için fiillere dikkat etmemiz gerekir. Sürekli fiiller (uyumak, çalışmak, öğretmek gibi) Past Continuous Tense'te kullanılır. Süreksiz fiiller (düşmek, bulmak, başlamak gibi) Simple Past Tense'te kullanılır. Fiili süreklilik belirten cümlelerde «while» veya «as» kullanılır. While/As we were dancing the lights went out. (Biz dans ederken ışıklar söndü.) We were dancing when lights went out. (Işıklar söndüğü zaman biz dans ediyorduk.) We went out as while the sun was shining. (Güneş ışırken biz dışarı çıktık.) 2 / 12
When we went out the sun was shining. (Dışarı çıktığımızda güneş işiyordu.) While/As they were living in Germany the war began. (Onlar Almanya'da otururlarken savaş başladı.) They were living in Germany when the war began. (Savaş başladığı zaman onlar Almanya'da oturuyorlardı.) 3. Geçmişte belli bir süre içinde devam etmekte olan eylemleri anlatırken. Bu tür anlatımlarda şunlara benzer zamanlar kullanılabilir : whole day: bütün gün all day: bütün gün the entire week (evening) bütün hafta (akşam) from... to... =... ten...e kadar The children were swimming all yesterday afternoon. (Devam etmekte olan eylem.) (Geçmişte belli bir süre.) (Dün çocuklar bütün öğleden sonra yüzüyorlardı.) Mary was going to the cinema at 9 p.m. last night. (Mary dün akşam saat dokuzda, sinemaya gidiyordu.) 3 / 12
4. Dolaylı anlatımlarda (Reported Speech) Mary said, We are dancing. Mary said (that) they were dancing. I am frequently answering the telephone. The boy said. The boy said (that) he was frequently answering the telephone. The Past Continuous Tense'ın cümle yapısını görelim. Olumlu Şekli (Affirmative Form) I was Özne + was / were + fill looking + at the children He / She / It We / You / They were Örneklerde de görüldüğü gibi to be past şeklinde was, were kullanılır. Olumlu cümle örneklerini çoğaltalım. I was typing letters at 9 p.m. last night. (Dün akşam dokuzda mektupları daktilo ediyordum.) You were wearing thick boots when I last saw you. (Seni son gördüğümde kalın bot giyiyordun.) While Mrs. Brown was shopping Mr. Brown was working in the field. (Mrs. Brown alışveriş yaparken Mr. Brown tarlada çalışıyordu.) 4 / 12
When I first met her she was speaking to her boy-friend. (Onunla ilk karşılaştığımda erkek arkadaşıyla konuşuyordu.) Jack was helping his father in the shop after lunch. (Öğle yemeğinden sonra Jack babasına yardım ediyordu.) I heard the sound of frying. Jane was cooking fish". (Kızartma sesi duydum. Jane balık pişiriyordu.) Margaret didn't eat much. She was trying to lose weight. (Margaret çok yemedi. Kilo vermeye çalışıyordu.) Olumsuz Şekli (Negative Form) I was Özne + was / were + not not + fill swimming + ing in the ri He / She / It We / You / They were Örnekte görüldüğü gibi was, were yardımcı fiilinden sonra not getirilir, fiilde bir değişiklik yapılmaz. I was studying English when you came in. (Sen içeri girdiğinde ben İngilizce çalışıyordum.) I wasn't studying, Science when you came in. (Sen içeri girdiğinde Fen çalışmıyordum.) You were resting at two pjn. yesterday. (Dün öğleden sonra saat ikide sen dinleniyordun.) 5 / 12
You weren't sleeping at two p.m. yesterday. (Dün öğleden sonra saat ikide uyumuyordun.) Mr. Brown was writing stories when he was with us. (Mr. Brown bizimle beraberken hikâye yazıyordu.) He wasn't writing a novel when he was with us. (Bizimle beraberken o roman yazmıyordu.) David was listening to the records when you phoned him. (Ona telefon ettiğiinizde David plâkları dinliyordu.) He wasn't listening to the radio when you phoned him. (Ona telefon ettiğinizde David radyo dinlemiyordu The ship was sailing for Izmir yesterday morning. (Gemi dün sabah İzmir'e gidiyordu.) She wasn't sailing for Trabzon yesterday morning. (O - gemi - Trabzon'a gitmiyordu.) Soru Şekli (Interragative Form) Was I Was / Were + fill + ing trying to cross the stre He / She / It Were We / You / They Örnekteki gibi Past Continuous Tense'te soru yaparken başa Were-Was yardımcı fiili getirilir, fiilde bir değişiklik yapılmaz. 6 / 12
Örnekler : You were driving to school when you had an accident. (Kaza geçirdiğinizde okula -arabayla- gidiyordunuz.) Were you driving to school when you had an accident? (Kaza geçirdiğinizde okula -arabayla- mı gidiyordunuz? Mrs. Pink was planning her trip all last winter. (Bütün geçen kış Mrs. Pink gezisini planlıyordu.) Was Mrs. Pink planning her trip all last winter? (Bütün geçen kış Mrs. Pink gezisini mi planlıyordu? David was talking to Mary as Mary's mother came in. (Mary'nin annesi içeri girdiğinde David Mary ile konuşuyordu.) Was David talking to Mary as Mary's mother came in? (Mary'nin annesi içeri girdiğinde David Mary ile mi konuşuyordu?) Two men were fighting while a policeman was trying to stop them. (İki adam kavga ederken bir polis onları durdurmaya çalışıyordu.) Were two men fighting while a policeman was trying to stop them? (Bir polis.onları durdurmaya çalışırken iki adam kavga mı ediyorlardı?) A lot of young people were rushing to see the pop singer while he was trying to get into his car. (Birçok genç insan pop şarkıcısını görmek için saldırırken o da arabasına girmeye çalışıyordu.) 7 / 12
Were a lot of young people rushing to see the pop singer while he was trying to get into his car? (O arabasına girmeye çalışırken birçok genç insan pop şarkıcısını görmek için saldırıyor muydu?) Olumsuz Soru Şekli (Interragative - Negative Form) Wasn't I Wasn't / Weren't + fill + making alot of noise? He / She / It Weren't We / You / They Örnekte görüldüğü gibi Past Continuous Tense olumsuz - soru şekline çevrilirken wasn't/weren't yardımcı fiili cümlenin başına getirilir, fiilde değişiklik yapılmaz. Örnekler: Mehmet was trying to play the violin while you were trying to sleep. (Siz uyumaya çalışırken Mehmet keman çalmaya çalışıyordu.) Wasn't Mehmet trying to play the violin while you were trying to sleep? (Siz uyumaya çalışırken Mehmet keman çalmaya çalışmıyor muydu?) The maid was ironing all morning. (Hizmetçi bütün sabah ütü yapıyordu.) Wasn't the maid ironing all morning? (Hizmetçi bütün sabah ütü yapmıyor muydu?) The little girl was looking for her parents while they were looking for her. (Küçük kız anne - babasını ararken onlar da onu arıyorlardı.) 8 / 12
Wasn't the little girl looking for her parents while they were looking for her? (Anne-babası küçük kızı ararken o da anne - babasını aramıyor muydu?) The students were doing their homework the whole day. (Bütün gün öğrenciler ödevlerini yapıyorlardı.) Weren't the students doing their homework the whole day? Bütün gün öğrenciler ödevlerini yapmıyorlar mıydı?) The workers were repairing the roof when they had a fall. (İşçiler düştükleri zaman çatıyı tamir ediyorlardı.) Weren't the workers repairing the roof when they had a fall? (İşçiler düştükleri zaman çatıyı tamir etmiyorlar mıydı?) Tag Questions: Soru Ekleri The Past Continuous Tense cümlelerde soru ekleri şu şekilde getirilir: Cümle olumlu Tag question olumsuz You were still lying in bed,weren't you? - Yes, I was. Mr. Smith was making a lot wasn't of noise he? - Yes, he was. The old people were resting, weren't they? - Yes, they were. Cümle olumsuz Tag question olumlu When I arrived Ali wasn't was sleeping, he?-no, he wasn't. While she was dancing you were weren't you? watching No, I wasn't. her, As you were writing Erdal wasn't he? shaking No, the wasn't. table, Soru-Cevap örnekleri A «Yes», «No» cevaplan isteyen sorular 9 / 12
Was Erdem lying, under the tree all afternoon? (Erdem bütün öğleden sonra ağacın altında mı yatıyordu?) Yes, he was. Yes, he was lying under it all afternoon. Were you working on the film all last year? (Bütün geçtiğimiz yıl o film üzerinde mi çalışıyordunuz?) No, I wasn't. No, I wasn't working on İt all last year. Was it raining when you left home? (Evden ayrıldığınız zaman yağmur yağıyor muydu?) Yes, it was. Yes, it was raining when I left home. Were the audience clapping when the speaker finished his speech? ( Konuşmacı konuşmasını bitirdiği zaman dinleyiciler alkışlıyorlar mıydı?) No, they weren't. No, they weren't clapping when he finished his speech. Were the children playing in the street when they had an accident? Yes, they were playing in the street when they had an accident. Yes, they were. (Kaza geçirdiklerinde çocuklar sokakta mı oynuyorlardı?) Was Peter playing tennis at 3 p.m.? (Öğleden sonra üçte Peter tenis mi oynuyordu?) No, he wasn't. No, he wasn't playing tennis at 3 p.m. Was the engine running when the car was empty? (Araba boşken motor çalışıyor muydu?) 10 / 12
Yes, it was. Yes, it was running when the car was empty. B Soru kelimeleriyle sorulan sorular: What were you doing at midnight? (play chess) (Gece yarısı ne yapıyordun?) I was playing chess with my father. Where were your daughters going when I saw them? (theatre) (Kızların ben onları gördüğüm zaman nereye gidiyorlardı?) They were going to the theatre. When Sue arrived outside the house who was coming? (Her boyfriend) (Sue evden dışarı çıktığında kim geliyordu?) Her boy - friend was coming. Who were you trying to talk to when I saw you? (the actor) (Seni gördüğüm zaman kimle konuşmaya çalışıyordun?) I was trying to talk to the actor. When was the teacher talking about Cyprus? (the other day) (Öğretmen ne zaman Kıbrıs hakkında konuşuyordu?) He was talking about Cyprus the other day. Alıştırmalar (Exercise) Cümleleri örnekteki gibi a) olumsuz, b) soru, c) olumsuz - soru şekline çeviriniz. Örnek; The baby was playing with her dolls while her mother was doing washing. 11 / 12
a) The baby wasn't playing with her dolls' while her mother was doing washing. b) Was the baby playing with her dolls while her mother was doing washing? c) Wasn't the baby playing with her dolls while her mother was doing washing? 1. My mother was helping me while I was trying to paint. 2. The director was shouting while the actors were working on the film. 3. Mrs. Jones was listening to the wireless all afternoon yesterday. 4. The tourists were trying to choose the cheapest carpets while the shopkeeper was showing them. ' 5. When the telephone rang all of them were watching the match on TV. Sorulara a) Yes, b) No ile cevaplar veriniz. 1. Were you talking about me when I arrived? 2. Were the students taking notes during the meeting? 3. Was the thief running away when the dog began barking? 4. Was Richard weeding while his father was cutting the grass? 5. Were the supporters cheering their team when they left the field? Sorulara cevap veriniz. 1. When were the guests leaving the party? (at 6 p.m.) 2. What were the children playing while their teacher was resting? (basketball) 3. What were the attendants doing when the boss got in? (chat) 4. Who was Mrs. Brown trying to help w;hen her husb.and asked her to go out? (Mrs. Jones). 5. Where were the police patrolling the. entire evening? (through the streets) 6. Who was dancing with you at the party all evening? (My girl -friend) 7. Where were the police patrolling the entire evening? (through Europe) 8. Which language was your sister learning the whole of last year? (French) 9. Where were you driving at 9 a.m.? (to work) 10. Who was Remzi talking to on the phone as I was waiting for him? (Sevim) 12 / 12