The checklist of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) species of Turkey

Transkript

1 Review of Hydrobiology 5,2: (2012) RESEARCH ARTICLE The checklist of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) species of Turkey NİLGÜN KAZANCI 1* AND GENCER TÜRKMEN 1 ¹Hacettepe University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Hydrobiology Section Ankara, Turkey [ * Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı, nilgunkazanci@gmail.com] ABSTRACT 1. The Ephemeroptera fauna of the World consists of 42 families, 400 genera and 3000 species, while the Ephemeroptera fauna of the Turkey consists of 14 families, 39 genera, 138 species and 5 subspecies. 2. The Ephemeroptera species of Turkey constitutes 4,6% of the Ephemeroptera species in the World. 3. With respect to the genera number, Ephemeroptera genera of Turkey constitutes 9,75% of the Ephemeroptera genera in the World. 4. Ephemeroptera species play a critical role in order to define the reference sites and their fauna concerning the application of European Union Water Framework Directive (EUWFD) in Turkey. KEY WORDS: Biogeography, biological diversity, checklist, Ephemeroptera, European water framework directive, fauna, indicator species, reference sites, Turkey, water quality, 143

2 Review of Hydrobiology 5,2: (2012) RESEARCH ARTICLE Türkiye nin Ephemeroptera (Insecta) türlerinin kontrol listesi NİLGÜN KAZANCI 1* VE GENCER TÜRKMEN 1 ¹ Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü Hidrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Ankara, Türkiye [ * İletişim: Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı, nilgunkazanci@gmail.com] ÖZ 1. Dünya Ephemeroptera faunası 42 familya, 400 cins ve 3000 türden oluşurken, Türkiye Ephemeroptera faunası 14 familya, 39 cins, 138 tür ve 5 alttürden oluşmaktadır. 2. Türkiye deki Ephemeroptera türleri, Dünya daki Ephemeroptera türlerinin %4,6 sını içermektedir. 3. Cins sayısı bakımından ise Türkiye deki Ephemeroptera cinsleri, Dünya daki Ephemeroptera cinslerinin %9,75 ini içermektedir. 4. Türkiye deki Avrupa Birliği Su Çerçeve Direktifi (ABSÇD) uygulamalarına ilişkin referans istasyonların ve bu istasyonların faunalarının belirlenmesi için Ephemeroptera türleri çok önemli bir role sahiptir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Avrupa Birliği Su Çerçeve Direktifi, biyocoğrafya, biyolojik çeşitlilik, Ephemeroptera, fauna, indikatör tür, kontrol listesi, referans istasyon, su kalitesi, Türkiye. 144

3 The checklist of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) species of Turkey INTRODUCTION Order Ephemeroptera, also known as mayfly, is one of the two extant orders of Palaeoptera (oldest winged-insects) along with Odonata, dating back to the late Carboniferous periods (Edmunds and McCafferty 1988). The members of this ancient order are widely distributed throughout the world and they can be found in all continents, except Antarctica and some oceanic islands (Kazancı 2001b, Barber-James et al. 2008). Ephemeroptera has three life stages; nymph, sub-imago and imago. Ephemeroptera is the only insect order that has a sub-imago (the stage between nymph and imago) with wings. That feature makes Ephemeroptera has two winged-stages, that is also unique in other insect orders. The larval stage is dominant in life cycle of Ephemeroptera and occurs in aquatic ecosystems. It can last 2-3 years in some species. The nymphs undergo several instar stages. The typical shape of a larva is generally flattened or fusiform. They typically have seven pairs of gills on abdomen (four or six pairs in some species) and generally three caudal filaments at the end of the abdomen. The middle one, terminal filament, can be more or less reduced in some species. After reaching the last instar stage, the sub-imago stage starts. The sub-imagos are quite similar to the imagos. However, the wings of the sub-imagos are less transparent than those in imagos. Moreover, sub-imagos are sexually immature. The duration of sub-imago stages can last 3-4 hours. Imagos of Ephemeroptera live a few hours, but some species can live up to 1-2 weeks. Imagos are incapable of flying, so that they cannot travel long distances. In addition, their mouth parts are reduced to some extent (Edmunds and McCafferty 1988, Kazancı 2001b, Barber-James et al. 2008). Ephemeroptera is an important insect order, especially in the studies of habitat and water quality of aquatic ecosystems. It has many indicator species. There are many sensitive Ephemeroptera species to aquatic degradation (Rosenberg and Resh 1993). There are many Ephemeroptera species that are sensitive to aquatic degradation. European Union Water Framework Directive (EUWFD) aims to bring the groundwater and surface waters in Europe to a good ecological status by 2015 (Council of European Communities 2000). The methods are related to determination of ecological status of surface water bodies. The directive have been implemented to the rivers in Turkey recently. In this respect, definition of reference sites and their fauna have a critical importance for the protection of aquatic habitats. Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera have many indicator species which are sensitive to degradation of habitat and water quality. Therefore, the knowledge on the Ephemeroptera fauna of Turkey is a necessity in order to indicate the reference habitats of running water ecosystems. 145

4 NİLGÜN KAZANCI AND GENCER TÜRKMEN The aim of this paper is to summarize all published information on the Ephemeroptera fauna of Turkey and to present a comprehensive list of its species. SPECIES LIST Ephemeroptera has received great interest in the World as well as in Turkey. The first study concerning Ephemeroptera belongs to Ulmer (1919). After that, there have been many studies. These are Verrier (1955), Demoulin (1963, 1965), Puthz (1972, 1973, 1978), Jacob (1977), Soldan and Landa (1977), Koch (1980, 1985, 1988), Berker (1981), Braasch (1981, 1983), Kazancı (1981, 1984, 1985, 1986a,b, 1987a,b,c, 1990a,b, 1991, 1992, 1998, 2001a,b, 2009, 2011), Kazancı and Braasch (1986, 1988), Kazancı and Thomas (1989), Sowa et al. (1986), Tanatmış (1995, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004a,b, 2005), Belfiore et al. (2000), Narin and Tanatmış (2004), Tanatmış and Ertorun (2006, 2008), Dalkıran (2009), Tanatmış and Haybach (2010), Kazancı and Türkmen (2008a,b), Kazancı and Girgin (2008), Türkmen and Kazancı (2011), Türkmen and Özkan (2011), Özyurt and Tanatmış (2011). Barber-James et al reported that Ephemeroptera had represented about 3000 species, 400 genera and 42 families in the World up to The studies of Ephemeroptera taxonomy are in progress. Moreover, there have been numerous changes in the number of recognized species, genera and families (Brittain and Sartori 2003, Kluge 2004). The last species list of Ephemeroptera fauna of Turkey was given by Kazancı (2001b). After this study, many species were added to this list as new species and as new records for Turkey. But there is no updated list concerning Ephemeroptera species in Turkey. This study aimed to give the latest checklist of Ephemeroptera species and to prevent the possible misinformation about the names and the number of species, genera and family of Ephemeroptera in Turkey. This list summarizes the data on Turkish Ephemeroptera that have been published since According to the checklist in this study, Ephemeroptera fauna of Turkey consists of 14 family, 39 genera, 138 species and 5 subspecies. The recent distributions of these species in the World (Table 1) were given according to Kluge (2013). The taxa list was prepared according to Barber-James et al. (2013) and Kluge (2013). 146

5 The checklist of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) species of Turkey Table 1. Species list and their distribution. SIPHLONURIDAE Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 Siphlonurus aestivalis Eaton, 1903 Siphlonurus lacustris (Eaton, 1870) Siphlonurus muchei Braasch, 1983 West East Nearctic Oriental Ethiopian RALLIDENTIDAE Ameletus Bengtsson, 1885 Ameletus inopinatus Eaton, 1887 Metreletus Demoulin, 1951 Metreletus balcanicus (Ulmer,1920) BAETIDAE Acentrella Bengtsson, 1912 Acentrella inexpectata (Tshernova, 1928) Acentrella lapponica (Bengtsson, 1912) Acentrella sinaica Bogoescu, 1931 Alainites Waltz & McCafferty, 1994 Alainites muticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Baetis Leach, 1815 Baetis alpinus (Pictet,1843) Baetis braaschi Zimmermann, 1980 Baetis buceratus Eaton, 1870 Baetis elaz gi Berker, 1981 Baetis fuscatus (Linnaeus, 1761) Baetis gemellus Eaton, 1885 Baetis lutheri Müller-Liebenau, 1967 Baetis lutheri georgiensis Zimmermann, 1981 Baetis macani Kimmins, 1957 Baetis macrospinosus Koch,1985 Baetis melanonyx Pictet, 1843 Baetis meridionalis Ikonomov, 1954 Baetis milani Godunko, Prokopov & Soldan 2004 Baetis pavidus Grandi, 1949 Baetis pentaphlebodes Ujhelyi, 1966 Baetis pseudogemellus Soldan

6 NİLGÜN KAZANCI AND GENCER TÜRKMEN West East Nearctic Oriental Ethiopian Baetis rhodani (Pictet, 1843) Baetis samochai Koch, 1981 Baetis scambus Eaton, 1870 Baetis vardarensis caucasicus Zimmermann, 1981 Baetis vernus Curtis, 1834 Nigrobaetis Novikova & Kluge, 1987 Nigrobaetis digitatus (Bengtsson, 1912) Nigrobaetis gracilis (Bogoescu & Tabacaru, 1957) Nigrobaetis kars (Thomas & Kazanc, 1989) Nigrobaetis niger (Linnaeus, 1761) Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge, 1987 Labiobaetis tricolor (Tshernova, 1928) Centroptilum Eaton, 1869 Centroptilum luteolum (Müller, 1776) Pseudocentroptiloides Jacop, 1987 Pseudocentroptiloides shadini (Kazlauskas, 1964) Cloeon Leach, 1815 Cloeon dipterum (Linne, 1761) Cloeon simile Eaton, 1870 Procloeon Bengtsson, 1915 Procloeon bifidum (Bengtsson, 1912) Procloeon nana (Bogoescu, 1951) Pseudocloeon Klapalek, 1905 Pseudocloeon balcanicum (Müller-Liebenau & Soldan, 1981) Procloeon pennulatum (Eaton, 1870) Procloeoon pulcuhrum (Eaton, 1885) OLIGONEURIIDAE Oligoneuriella Ulmer, 1954 Oligoneuriella orontensis Koch, 1980 Oligoneuriella pallida (Hagen, 1855) Oligoneuriella rhenana Imhoff, 1852 Oligoneuriella tskhomelidzei (Sowa & Zosidze, 1973) 148

7 The checklist of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) species of Turkey ISONYCHIIDAE Isonychia Albarda, 1878 Isonychia ignota Walker, 1853 West East Nearctic Oriental Ethiopian HEPTAGENIIDAE Epeorus Eaton, 1881 Epeorus alpestris (Braasch, 1979 ) Epeorus alpicola (Eaton, 1871) Epeorus caucasicus (Tshernova, 1938) Epeorus longimaculatus (Braasch, 1979) Epeorus magnus (Braasch, 1978) Epeorus nigripilosus (Sinitshenkova 1976) Epeorus sylvicola (Pictet, 1865) Epeorus zaitzevi Tshernova, 1981 Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881 Rhithrogena amseli (Demoulin, 1964) Rhithrogena anatolica Kazanc, 1985 Rhithrogena braaschi Jacob, 1974 Rhithrogena caucasica Braasch, 1979 Rhithrogena expectata Braasch, 1979 Rhithrogena iranica Braasch, 1983 Rhithrogena iridina kownackorum Sowa & Zimmermann, 1975 Rhithrogena loyalaea Navas, 1922 Rhithrogena pontica Sowa, Soldan & Kazanc, 1986 Rhithrogena potamalis Braasch, 1979 Rhithrogena semicolorata (Curtis, 1834) Rhithrogena sublineata Kazanc & Braasch, 1988 Rhithrogena tibialis (Ulmer, 1920) Rhithrogena theischingeri Braasch, 1981 Rhithrogena znojkoi (Tshernova, 1938) Ecdyonurus Eaton, 1865 Ecdyonurus aurantiacus (Burmeister, 1839) Ecdyonurus autumnalis Braasch, 1980 Ecdyonurus dispar (Curtis, 1845) Ecdyonurus helveticus Eaton, 1883 Ecdyonurus insignis (Eaton, 1870) Ecdyonurus ornatipennis Tshernova, 1938 Ecdyonurus russevi Braasch & Soldan

8 NİLGÜN KAZANCI AND GENCER TÜRKMEN West East Nearctic Oriental Ethiopian Ecdyonurus submontanus Landa, 1969 Ecdyonurus stramachi Sowa, 1971 Ecdyonurus venosus (Fabricius, 1775) Electrogena Zurwerra & Tomka, 1985 Electrogena anatolica (Kazanc & Braasch, 1986) Electrogena antalyensis (Kazanc & Braasch, 1986) Electrogena boluensis Kazanc, 1990 Electrogena dirmil Kazanc, 1990 Electrogena hakkarica (Kazanc, 1986) Electrogena kugleri (Demoulin, 1973) Electrogena lateralis (Curtis, 1834) Electrogena madli (Kazanci, 1992) Electrogena montícola (Braasch, 1980) Electrogena necatii (Kazanc, 1987) Electrogena pseudaffinis (Braasch, 1980) Electrogena ressli (Braasch, 1981) Dacnogenia Kluge, 1988 Dacnogenia coerulans (Rostok, 1878) Dacnogenia coerulans micracantha (Kluge, 1989) Dacnogenia coerulans coerulans (Rostok, 1877) Heptagenia Walsh, 1862 Heptagenia longicauda (Stephens, 1836) Heptagenia perflava Brodsky, 1930 Heptagenia sulphurea (Müller, 1776) Thalerosphyrus Eaton, 1881 Thalerosphyrus determinatus (Walker, 1853) EPHEMERELLIDAE Ephemerella Walsh, 1862 Ephemerella mucronata (Bengtsson, 1909) Ephemerella notata Eaton, 1887 Serratella Edmunds 1959 Serratella ignita (Poda, 1761) Serratella karia (Kazanci, 1990) Quatica Jacobus & McCafferty, 2008 Quatica euphratica (Kazanci, 1987) 150

9 The checklist of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) species of Turkey Teloganopsis Ulmer, 1939 Teloganopsis mesoleuca (Brauer, 1857) Torleya Lestage, 1917 Torleja major (Klapalek, 1905) West East Nearctic Oriental Ethiopian CAENIDAE Caenis Stephens, 1835 Caenis horaria (Linne, 1758) Caenis luctuosa (Burmeister, 1839) Caenis macrura Stephens, 1835 Caenis martae Belfiore 1984 Caenis pseudorivulorum Keffermuller, 1960 Caenis rivulorum Eaton, 1884 Caenis robusta Eaton, 1984 Brachycercus Curtis, 1834 Brachycercus harrisella Curtis, 1834 PROSOPISTOMATIDAE Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833 Prosopistoma pennigerum (Fourcroy, 1785) Prosopistoma orhanelicum Dalkiran, 2009 LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE Choroterpes Eaton, 1881 Choroterpes picteti Eaton, 1871 Euthraulus Barnard, 1932 Euthraulus balcanicus (Ikonomov, 1961) Paraleptophlebia Lestage, 1917 Paraleptophlebia submarginata (Stephens, 1835) Paraleptophlebia cincta (Retzius, 1783) Paraleptophlebia werneri Ulmer, 1919 Habroleptoides Schnoemund, 1925 Habroleptoides modesta (Hagen, 1864) Habroleptoides caucasica Tshernova, 1945 Habroleptoides kavron Kazanc & Türkmen, 2011 Habroleptoides umbratilis Eaton,

10 NİLGÜN KAZANCI AND GENCER TÜRKMEN Habrophlebia Eaton, 1881 Habrophlebia fusca (Curtis, 1834) Habrophlebia lauta Eaton, 1884 Thraulus Eaton, 1881 Thraulus bellus Eaton, 1881 West East Nearctic Oriental Ethiopian POLYMITARCIDAE Epheron Williamson, 1802 Epheron virgo (Olivier, 1791) PALINGENIIDAE Palingenia Burmeister, 1839 Palingenia anatolica Jacob, 1977 EPHEMERIDAE Ephemera Linne, 1758 Ephemera danica Miiller, 1764 Ephemera glaucops Pictet, 1843 Ephemera lineata Eaton, 1870 Ephemera vulgata Linne, 1758 Ephemera zettana Kimmins, 1937 POTAMANTHIDAE Potamanthus Pictet, 1843 Potamanthus luteus (Linne, 1767) 152

11 The checklist of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) species of Turkey REFERENCES Barber-James, H. M., Gattolliat, J. L., Sartori, M. and Hubbard, M. D., Global diversity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595: Barber-James, H., Sartori, M., Gattolliat, J. L. and Webb, J., World checklist of freshwater Ephemeroptera species. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available online at Belfiore. C., Tanatmış, M. and Kazancı, N Taxonomy of Electrogena antalyensis (Kazancı & Braasch) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae), Aquatic Insects, 22,4: Berker, F., Keban Barajı ve Keban'a dökülen nehirler ile Elazığ bölgesinin Ephemeroptera (Insecta) limnofaunasının saptanması ve sistematik incelenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 6: Braasch, D., Eintagsfliegen aus Anatolien und Iran (Ephemeroptera, Insecta). Faunistisch Abhandlungen aus dem Staatlichen Museum Dresden, 8: Braasch, D., Siphlonurus muchei n. sp. aus Anatolien (Ephemeroptera, Siphlonuridae), Reichenbachia, Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, 21: Brittain, J. E. and M. Sartori, Ephemeroptera. In Resh V. H. and R. T. Cardé (eds), Encyclopedia of insects. Academic Press, Amsterdam, Dalkıran N A new species of Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833 (Ephemeroptera: Prosopistomatidae) from northwestern Turkey. Aquatic Insects 31,2: Demoulin, G., Mission E. Janssens en Anatolie (Aout-Septembre 1962) Ephemeroptera, Bulletin de l'institut Royal Sciensis Naturelles de Belgique, 39: 1-6. Demoulin, G., Resultats de l'expédition Belge au Moyen-Orient (Avril-Août 1963) Ephemeroptera, Bulletin de l'institut Royal Sciensis Naturelles de Belgique, 41: 1-8. Edmunds, G. F. and McCafferty, W. P., The mayfly subimago. Annual Review of Entomology 33: Jacob, U., Palingenia anatolica n. sp. (Ephemeroptera, Palingeniidae) aus der Türkei, Entomologische Nachrichten, 21: Kazancı, N., Systematical research on Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera (Insecta) Orders in Middle Anatolia. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Hacettepe Univ. 280pp. Kazancı, N., New Ephemeroptera (Insecta) Records from Turkey. Aquatic Insects 6,4: Kazancı, N., Rhithrogena anatolica sp.n.(ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from Turkey.Mitt. Scweiz. Entom. Ges-. 58:

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14 NİLGÜN KAZANCI AND GENCER TÜRKMEN Soldan, T. and Landa, V., Three new species of the genus Oligoneuriella (Ephemeroptera, Oligoneuriidae), Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 74: Sowa, R., Soldan, T. and Kazancı N., Rhitrogena pontica sp.n. (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from Turkey. Aquatic Insects 8: Tanatmış, M., Sakarya Nehir Sistemi Ephemeroptera Limnofaunası'nın belirlenmesi üzerine araştırmalar, Türk Entomoloji Dergisi, 19: Tanatmış, M., On the Ephemeroptera Fauna (Insecta) of Thrace. Zoology in the Middle East, 15: Tanatmış, M., Türkiye Ephemeroptera türleri ve yayılışları. Genel ve Türkiye Zoocoğrafyası Tanatmış, M., Susurluk (Simav) Çayı ve Manyas Gölü Havzası'nın Ephemeroptera (Insecta) Faunası. Türk Entomoloji Dergisi, 24: Tanatmıs, M., The Ephemeroptera (Insecta) fauna of Lake Ulubat basin. Turkish Journal of Zoology 26: Tanatmış, M., 2004a. Filyos (Yenice) Irmagı havzası'nın Ephemeroptera (Insecta) faunasi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 28,3: Tanatmış, M., 2004b. Gökırmak Nehir Havzasi (Kastamonu) ile Cide (Kastamnonu)- Ayancik (Sinop) arası sahil bölgesinin Ephemeroptera (Insecta) faunası. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 28,1: Tanatmış, M., Türkiye Ephemeroptera faunasi için iki yeni alttür: Heptagenia (Dacnogenia) coerulans micracantha Kluge, 1989 ve Heptagenia (Dacnogenia) coerulans coerulans Rostok, 1977 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 29,4: Tanatmış, M. and Ertorun, N., Bartin Cayi (Bartin) havzasi'nin Ephemeroptera (Insecta) limnofaunasi. E.U. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Supplement Hydrobiology 23,1-1: Tanatmış, M. and Ertorun, N., Kabali Cayi (Sinop) havzasi'nin Ephemeroptera (Insecta) limnofaunasi. Journal of Fisheries Sciences 2,3: Tanatmış, M. and Haybach, A., Ecdyonurus bimaculatus n. sp., a new species of mayfly from Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae). Lauterbornia 69: Türkmen, G. and Kazancı, N., Habroleptoides kavron sp. n., a new species (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from Eastern Black Sea (Turkey) with ecological notes, Review of Hydrobiology, 4,2: Türkmen, G. and Özkan, N., Larval Ephemeroptera records from Marmara Island and Kapıdağ Peninsula (North-Western Turkey) with new record of Baetis milani Godunko, Prokopov & Soldan Review of Hydrobiology 4,2: Ulmer, G., Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 85A,11: