Capitol: Başkent Site: Mekan, yer Memorial: Anıt White House: Beyaz saray President: devlet başkanı, cumhurbaşkanı chase: kovalamak

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Emine Dilara Aksoy
8 yıl önce
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1 İNGİLİZCE DERS=3

2 Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States. Fifteen million people visit the city every year. Halima and Ahmed, her brother, left their home in Egypt and travelled to the United States last week. They are visiting Washington D.C. with their American friend, Tom. Here is the letter they wrote to their aunt. 'Dear Aunt Samira, 'We arrived in 'Washington, 'D.C. three days ago. 'What a great city! On Friday we took a site tour. 'We saw many historical sites: the Lincoln Memorial, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and the Capitol. On Saturday, we were Busy, too. 'We left our hotel and went to the 'White House. This is where the President lives. It's a Big, white Building. 'We learned that it was made in 1792 and John Adams was the first president to live there. "When we arrived at the 'White Mouse, we saw two dogs in the garden. They were chasing each other. 'We took a picture of them. Later we visited some of the museums. We wanted to see the Optional Air and Space Museum too, But it closes at 7 pm and we went there at 7:30 pm. We hope to see it tomorrow. Love, Halima and Ahmed 20

Here is the letter they wrote to their aunt. 'Dear Aunt Samira, 'We arrived in 'Washington, 'D.C. three days ago. 'What a great city! On Friday we took a site tour.

3 Capitol: Başkent Site: Mekan, yer Memorial: Anıt White House: Beyaz saray President: devlet başkanı, cumhurbaşkanı chase: kovalamak

4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE Simple Past Tense asıl olarak geçmişteki olayları anlatmak için kullanılır. DİKKAT! Olumlu cümlelerde herhangi bir yardımcı fiil gelmez ve fiilin ikinci hali kullanılır. Olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde did veya didn't yardımcı fiili kullanılır ve fiil yalın haliyle kalır. (+) I visited my uncle yesterday. (Dün amcamı ziyaret ettim) (Bu cümle olumludur ve görüldüğü gibi fiilin ikinci hali kullanılmıştır.) (-) I didn't visit my uncle yesterday. (Dün amcamı ziyaret etmedim.) (Bu cümle olumsuzdur ve didn't yardımcı fiili kullanıldığı için fiil yalın haliyle gelmiştir.) (?) Did I visit my uncle yesterday. (Dün amcamı ziyaret ettim mi?) (Bu cümle soru cümlesidir ve "did" yardımcı fiili geldiği için fiil yine yalın haliyle kullanılmıştır.)

(Dün amcamı ziyaret ettim) (Bu cümle olumludur ve görüldüğü gibi fiilin ikinci hali kullanılmıştır.) (-) I didn't visit my uncle yesterday. (Dün amcamı ziyaret etmedim.

6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE KULLANIMLAR USE 1 Completed Action in the Past (Geçmişte tamamlanmış eylemler) (Simple Past Tense geçmişte belirli bir zamanda başlamış ve bitmiş eylemler için kullanılır. Bazen konuşan kişi tam olarak bir zaman belirtmeyebilir, ama mutlaka cümlede bir geçmiş zaman fikri vardır.) - Last year, I didn't travel to Italy. (Geçen yıl İtalya'ya seyahat etmedim. - She washed her hands. (Ellerini yıkadı) USE 2 Simple Past Tense geçmişte başlamış ve bitmiş bir süreci anlatırken kullanılır. Bu süreç uzundur ve genelde "iki yıldır", "tüm gün" veya "tüm yıl" gibi zaman ifadeleriyle kullanılır. - I lived in Turkey for two years. (İki yıl Türkiye'de yaşadım.) - We talked on the phone for thirty minutes. (Yarım saat telefonda konuştuk.)

(Geçen yıl İtalya'ya seyahat etmedim. - She washed her hands. (Ellerini yıkadı) USE 2 Simple Past Tense geçmişte başlamış ve bitmiş bir süreci anlatırken kullanılır.

7 USE 3 Habit in the Past (Geçmişteki alışkanlıklar) Simple Past Tense aynı zamanda geçmişte vazgeçtiğimiz alışkanlıklar için de kullanılır. "used to" kalıbıyla aynı amaçla kullanılabilir. Bahsettiğimiz eylemin bir alışkanlık olduğunu açıkça belirtmek için cümlelerde "always" (daima), "often" (sık sık), "usually" (genellikle) ve "never" (asla) gibi zaman ifadeleri kullanılır. - They never went to school, they always skipped. (Hiç okula gitmezlerdi, hep kaçarlardı.)

Bahsettiğimiz eylemin bir alışkanlık olduğunu açıkça belirtmek için cümlelerde "always" (daima), "often" (sık sık),

Past Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense, Türkçe'de geçmiş zamanın hikayesi olarak da ifade edilir ve "gidiyordum" "geliyordum" zamanlarının karşılığıdır.

8 Past Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense, Türkçe'de geçmiş zamanın hikayesi olarak da ifade edilir ve "gidiyordum" "geliyordum" zamanlarının karşılığıdır. Yardımcı fiil olarak "was - were" kullanılır ve fiilin sonuna -ing takısı getirilir. Past Continuous Tense olumlu, olumsuz ve soru yapılarının kullanımıyla ilgili aşağıdaki tabloyu inceleyiniz.

Yardımcı fiil olarak "was - were" kullanılır ve fiilin sonuna -ing takısı getirilir.

9 USE 1: Past Continuous Tense geçmişte yarıda kesilen uzun olayları anlatmak için kullanılır. Daha uzun olan eylemi yarıda kesen eylem genelde Simple Past tense ile ifade edilir. - I was watching TV when she called. (O aradığında televizyon seyrediyordum.) - When the phone rang, she was writing a letter. (Telefon çaldığında mektup yazıyordu.) - While we were having a picnic, it started to rain. (Piknik yaparken yağmur yağmaya başladı.) - Sally was working when Joe had the car accident. (Joe araba kazası geçirdiğinde Sally çalışıyordu.) - While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car. (Dün gece John uyurken birisi arabasını çaldı.)

) - When the phone rang, she was writing a letter. (Telefon çaldığında mektup yazıyordu.) - While we were having a picnic, it started to rain.

10 USE 2: Geçmişte belirli bir anda yapılan eylemden bahsederken de Past Continuous Tense kullanılabilir. - Last night at 10 p.m, I was eating dinner. (Dün gece saat 10'da yemek yiyordum.) - At midnight, we were still driving through the desert. (Geceyarısı hala çölde araç kullanıyorduk) DİKKAT! Simple Past Tense'de kullanılan zaman ifadeleri eylemin tam olarak başlama veya bitiş zamanını belirtir. Past Continuous Tense'de ise, belirtilen zaman eylemin başlangıcı veya bitişini değil, yalnızca o anda eylemin yapılmakta olduğunu belirtir.

(Geceyarısı hala çölde araç kullanıyorduk) DİKKAT!

11 - Last night at 6 p.m., I ate dinner. (Saat 6'da yemeye başladım.) - Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner. (Yemeye daha önce başladım ve saat 6'da yeme eylemi devam ediyordu.) USE 3: İki eylemi aynı anda Past Continuous Tense ile kullandığımızda, belirtilen iki eylemin aynı anda yapıldığı fikri ortaya çıkar. Yani eylemler paraleldir. I was studying while he was making dinner. (O yemeği hazırlarken ben ders çalışıyordum)

) USE 3: İki eylemi aynı anda Past Continuous Tense ile kullandığımızda, belirtilen iki eylemin aynı anda

12 Geçmiş zaman ait kesinleşmiş ve her türlü ayarlamaları yapılmış, yapılacak olayların anlatılmasında bu zaman kullanılır. EXAMPLES - He was in a great hurry. Because he was meeting his friend at the airport thet morning. (Çok acelesi vardı. Çünkü o sabah hava alanında arkadaşını karşılayacaktı.) - He was happy as he was having dinner with his darling in the evening. (Sevgilisiyle akşamleyin yemek yiyeceği için mutluydu.) Sürekli olarak yapılıp, can sıkıcı olan olayların anlatılmasında always, continually (sürekli olarak), constantly(sürekli) gibi kelimeler kullanılarak şikayet etmek için kullanılır.

Çünkü o sabah hava alanında arkadaşını karşılayacaktı.) - He was happy as he was having dinner with his darling in the evening.

13 DEREK Derek Matthews wasn't a good student at school. He liked horses so he wanted to be a jockey. Today, at 55, he is very famous and has got a riding school in Ascot, a few miles from London. He drives to Ascot three days a week, visits his horses and rides them. He says he enjoys his days at the riding school a lot. 1. Why did Derek Matthews want to be a jockey? 2. What does he enjoy? 3. Was he a good student at school?

He drives to Ascot three days a week, visits his horses and rides them.

14 MAHATMA GANDHI Mahatma Gandhi was born in India in He became one of his country's leaders. Life was difficult when he was young. He got married at the age of thirteen; a common custom in India at that time. He studied law at the university. He went to London and became a lawyer. Then he returned to his country. A few years later, he went to work in South Africa. He organised demonstrations and they sent him to prison several times. Twenty years later, he returned to India. There, he worked hard to help the poor. He played a very important role in the independence of India. A fanatic killed him in custom: gelenek demonstration: gösteri independence: bağımsızlık 1. Where was Gandhi born? 2. When was he born? 3. Why did he get married at the age of thirteen?

A few years later, he went to work in South Africa. He organised demonstrations and they sent him to prison several times. Twenty years later, he returned to India.

15 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE William Shakespeare was born in Stratford on April 23rd, His father, John Shakespeare, was an important man in the town - William did not come from a poor family. When he was eighteen, William married Anne Hathaway in Stratford. But he didn't want to stay there. He wanted to be an actor and the best theatres were in London. So, in 1587, William went to London, where he worked as an actor in a theatre called The Rose. He began to write plays for the actors. He wrote Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, Richard II, Antony and Cleopatra and many more. Everyone liked his plays, and he became famous. When James I became King in 1603, Shakespeare worked for him, and performed his plays for the King and his friends. He also worked at the famous Globe Theatre. This theatre presented his last play, Henry VIII. There was a gun in this play, and fire from the gun burned the theatre down. In 1610 Shakespeare went back to Stratford. He wanted to live there with his family, but he died on April 23rd, He was only forty-six years old. 1. How old was Shakespeare when he got married? 2. What was his wife's name? 3. Why did Shakespeare go to London?

So, in 1587, William went to London, where he worked as an actor in a theatre called The Rose. He began to write plays for the actors.

16 PLANE CRASH IN PERU On Christmas Eve, 1971, Juliana Koepke, a seventeen-year-old German girl, and her mother left Lima by plane. They were going to Pucallpa, another town in Peru. They wanted to spend Christmas with Juliana's father, who was the manager of a bank in Pucallpa. Forty-five minutes later there was a terrible storm and the plane hit a mountain and crashed. Juliana fell 3,000 metres, strapped in her seat. She did not die when the seat hit the ground, but she was unconscious all night. The next morning Juliana looked for pieces of the plane, and called for her mother. Juliana's left arm was broken, one knee was badly hurt and she had deep cuts on her legs and arms. She had no shoes and she was wearing only a dress, which was badly torn. But she decided to try to get out of the jungle. She knew that she would die if she stayed there. She started to walk. She did not have anything to eat for two days, so she felt very weak. She heard helicopters, but could not see them above the trees, and of course they could not see her. After four days she came to a river. She walked and swam down the river for another five days. At last she came to a small village house. Nobody was there, but that afternoon, four farmers arrived. They took her to a doctor in the next village. Juliana learned afterwards that there were three other people who were not killed in the accident. But she was the only one who got out of the jungle. It took her ten days. 'jungle: a forest in a hot country with lots of trees and plants growing together (tropik orman)

Juliana fell 3,000 metres, strapped in her seat. She did not die when the seat hit the ground, but she was unconscious all night.

17 swam down: aşağı yüzmek terrible storm: korkunç fırtına badly torn: kötü yırtılmış Afterwards: sonradan, daha sonra

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