Exercise and Fitness Training for Disabled. Second Class

Transkript

1 Exercise and Fitness Training for Disabled Second Class

2 Words Related to Sports and Sports Science

3 nandrolone noun an anabolic steroid that builds muscle national sport noun a sport that is very popular in a country and is considered to be part of its culture negative attitude noun a pessimistic mental attitude towards an activity that may decrease the chance of succeeding nerve regeneration noun the growth of new nerve tissue after damage has occurred

4 neurotoxin noun a substance that damages, destroys or impairs the functioning of nerve tissue myosin noun a protein in muscles that helps them contract nerve impulse noun an electrochemical impulse that is transmitted by nerve cells obesity noun the condition of being seriously overweight

5 off season noun a period after the end of one annual sports season and before the beginning of the next blood chemistry test noun a test of the level of a particular substance in the blood, usually a performance-enhancing drug opponent noun 1. someone who plays, fights or competes against you in orienteering noun a sport that combines map-reading and cross-country running. Competitors make their way through unfamiliar terrain using a compass and a topographical map.

6 Passive and Causative Questions

7 1 During the first day after the operation, she a number of times by the doctors, who to monitör her progress. a) Was visited/wanted b) Was visiting/had wanted c) Visited/would want d) Has been visited/should want e) Had visited/had been wanted

8 2 Although the Bulgarians in Central Asia. a) Were considered/would live b) Are considering/were living c) Are beingconsidered/have lived d) Are considered/lived e) Have considered/had been living to be Slavs, their ancestors

9 3 Historians still argue to this day as to whether Alexander the Great or of natural causes. a) assassinated/had died b) Was assassinating/had died c) Had been assassinated/has died d) Was assassinated/died e) Had assassinated/was dying

10 4 Although wild animals for their own food, domesticated ones by their owners. a) Are hunted/are being fed b) Are being hunted/have fed c) Are hunting/ are feeding d) Must be hunting/have been feeding e) Have to hunt/are fed

11 5 Depths greater than 130 feet for recreational diving because the risk increases after this depth. a) Were not recommended b) Had better not recommend c) Won t have recommended d) Are not recommended e) Haven t recommended

12 Modals Can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must ve ought to sözcüklerine modal denir. Bunların yanı sıra, tam modal olmamakla birlikte aynı başlık altına sokulan başka sözcükler de vardır (need, have to, had to). Modal ların görevi, birlikte kullanıldıkları fiillerin anlamlarına zorunluluk, olasılık, kararlılık, izin verme, izin isteme, akıl yürütme, öneride bulunma gibi anlamlar katmaktır.

13 1. Üçüncü tekil şahıslarda (he, she, it) modal lara s konmaz. Ayrıca ing ya da ed almazlar: He may know my phone number. Telefon numaramı bilebilir. (He mays denmez)

14 2. Soru ve olumsuz cümlelerde söz konusu modal başa getirilir ya da kendisinden sonra not eklenir. Do, did gibi yardımcı fiiller kullanılmaz. Bu kural, gerçek modal lar (can, could, should ) için geçerlidir. Gerçek modal olmayıp modal a benzeyenler (have to, had to ) ise do, did yardımcı fiilleriyle soru ya da olumsuz yapılırlar. Soru takıları ve kısa cevaplar için de durum aynıdır: Can you ski? Kayak yapabiliyor musun? You shouldn t smoke. Sigara içmemen gerekir. Did you have to wait? Beklemek zorunda mı kaldın? You should get up early tomorrow, shouldn t you? Yarın erken kalkman lazım, değil mi?

15 3. Modal lardan sonra fiilin yalın biçimi gelir: I must water the plants today. Bugün çiçekleri sulamam gerek. Yalnızca will, shall ve would özneyle kaynaşabilir. Diğerleri ayrı ayrı yazılmalıdır: I ll call you soon. Seni yakında ararım. ( I will ) James said he d never forgive his wife. James, karısını hiç affetmeyeceğini söyledi. ( he would )

16 4. İki modal birarada kullanılmaz. Örneğin I will can drive denmez. Onun yerine ya I will drive ya da I can drive denmelidir.

17 Modal Will (ecek) Would Can(ebil) Could (ebilir, ebilirdi) May (ebilir) Might (ebilir) Shall (cek) Should (se iyi olur) Ought to (se iyi olur) Had better (se iyi olur) Would rather( tercih eder) Would prefer( tercih eder) Would mind (önemser) Would like (ister) Yapar Yapardı Yapacaktı V1= yap Be V3= yapıl Be Ving= yapıyor ol Have V3= yapmış ol Have been V3= yapılmış ol Have been Ving= yapıyor olmuş ol

18 Örnek Cümle Çevirileri; They can speak French. Fransızca konuşabilirler/konuşabiliyorlar. Too much sun can be very dangerous. Aşırı güneş çok tehlikeli olabilir. Can I read your newspaper? Gazetenizi okuyabilir miyim? We can t wear jeans at work. İşte blucin giyemiyoruz. You can t have forgotten me. Beni unutmuş olamazsın./unutmamışsındır.

19 You could be right, I suppose. Bence haklı olabilirsin. My friend could speak four languages. Arkadaşım dört dil konuşabiliyordu. The supermarket was closed yesterday. I couldn t have bought milk. Süpermarket dün kapalıydı. Süt alamazdım./süt almam olanaksızdı. You could have helped me why did you just sit and watch? Bana yardım edebilirdin niye sadece oturup seyrettin? This medicine may cure your cough. Bu ilaç öksürüğüne iyi gelebilir.

20 I am able to jump 30 cm. 30 cm zıplayabilirim. Must:...meli,...malı: (Must'ta zorunluluk söyleyen kişiyle ilgilidir. Dışarıdan herhangi bir baskı yoktur.) I must sleep early. (Erken yatmalıyım.) Have to: zorunda olmak. Bu modal'daki zorunluluk dışardan bir gücün etkisiyle oluşur. I have to wear uniform at school. (Okulda üniforma giymek zorundayım)

21 Used to Geçmişte alışkanlık I used to play the guitar. (Gitar çalardım.) Had rather, Would rather = tercih (preference) I'd rather live here. (Burada yaşamayı tercih ederim.) Had you rather live here? (Burada yaşamak ister miydin?) May, might= izin isteme ve verme, olasılık May I borrow your pen for a moment? (Kalemini bir saniye ödünç alabilir miyim?) She might get a scholarship this year. (Bu sene burs alabilir.)

22 Modal Questions

23 1 Margaret has a new Ford car. She her wages. Her father for it. such an expensive car with a) shouldn t buy/might have paid b) Can t have bought/must have paid c) Won t have bought/has paid d) Didn t use to buy/ had to pay e) İsn t supposed to buy/can pay

24 2 Stacey was very talented at drawing and a great cartoonist someday, but unfortunately, he chose to join a Street gang instead. a) Must become b) Could have become c) Will become d) Ought to become e) Was able to become

25 3 Unless I complete my master s degree, it s very likely that I unsatisfying jobs for the rest of my life. in a) Will have to work b) Must have worked c) Can work d) Have had to work e) Must be working

26 4 He the flute at all just six months ago, but now he s become good enough at it to perform live with a local jazz group. a) didn t have to play b) Can t be playing c) Mustn t have played d) Couldn t play e) Shouldn t have played

27 5 People a lot fish from this river, but because of the chemical wastes dumped into it, now it too polluted to support any life form. a) Were catching/became b) Could have catch/becomes c) Used to catch/has become d) Have caught/was becoming e) Had been catching/will become