İÇİNDEKİLER. BÖLÜM 1 GRAMMAR (Dilbilgisi) 12

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1 Yazarlar Hakkında 1 From the Authors 2 Önemli Not 3 TOEFL IBT Test Formatı 4 Sık Sorulan Sorular 5 Karşılaştırma Tablosu (PBT CBT IBT) 10 BÖLÜM 1 GRAMMAR (Dilbilgisi) 12 Sentence Structure (Cümlenin Yapısı ve Bölümleri) 13 - Subject 14 - Helping Verb 14 - Primary Verb 15 - Object 16 - Complement 16 - Prepositional Phrase 17 - Adverbs and Adverbials 18 Types of Sentences (Cümle Tipleri) 21 - Main Clause 21 - Subordinate Clauses 22 Adjective Clauses (Sıfat Cümleleri) 22 - Defining Adjective Clauses 23 - Nondefining Adjective Clauses 24 Reduction of Adjective Clauses (Sıfat Cümlelerinin Kısaltılması) 25 - Active Reduction of Adjective Clauses 25 - Passive Reduction of Adjective Clauses 26 - Reduction of Adjective Clauses with To-Infinitive 27 Special Uses of Adjective Clauses (Sıfat Cümlelerinin Özel Kullanımları) 28 - Cleft Sentences 28 - Coordinating Adjective Clauses 29 - Quantifiers in Nondefining Adjective Clauses 30 - Superlatives in Nondefining Adjective Clauses 31 i

2 - Noun + of which in Nondefining Adjective Clauses 32 Noun Clauses (İsim Cümleleri) 32 - Wh-word Noun Clauses 32 - Whether/If Noun Clauses 34 - That Noun Clauses 35 - Noun Clauses as the Object of a Preposition 37 - Noun Clauses as the Adjective Complement 38 - Noun Clauses as the Noun Complement 38 - Noun Clauses as the Predicate Noun 39 - Noun Clauses as the Object of a Gerund 40 - Noun Clauses as the Object of an Infinitive 40 - The Subjunctive Mood in Noun Clauses 40 Reduction of Noun Clauses 42 - Noun Clauses to Gerund Phrases 42 - Noun Clauses to Infinitive Phrases 43 - Noun Clauses with Will, Should and Can 43 Adverb Clauses (Zarf Cümleleri) 44 Types of Adverb Clauses (Zarf Cümlelerinin Tipleri) 45 - Adverb Clauses of Time (Zaman) 45 - Adverb Clauses of Place (Yer) 46 - Adverb Clauses of Condition (Koşul) 46 - Adverb Clauses of Reason (Neden) 47 - Adverb Clauses of Purpose (Amaç) 48 - Adverb Clauses of Manner (Tarz) 49 - Adverb Clauses of Direct Contrast (Direkt Zıtlık) 50 - Adverb Clauses of Result (Sonuç) 50 - Adverb Clauses of Opposition (Karşıtlık) 51 - Adverb Clauses of Degree (Derece) 52 - Adverb Clauses of Comparison (Karşılaştırma) 53 Reduction of Adverb Clauses (Zarf Cümlelerinin Kısaltılması) 54 - Active Reduction of Adverb Clauses 54 - Passive Reduction of Adverb Clauses 55 - Exception to the Reduction of Adverb Clauses 56 Run-on Sentences (Ardışık Cümleler) 60 ii

3 Parallelism (Paralellik) 63 - Items in a Series (Seri Halindeki Öğeler) 63 - Coordinated Ideas (Koordine Fikirler) 64 - Correlative Conjunctions (İki Kelimeden Oluşan Bağlaçlar) 65 Subject-Verb Agreement (Özne-Fiil Uyumu) 65 - Some Phrases in the Subject Position 65 - Indefinite Pronouns 69 - Subjects Connected by And 70 - Money, Time and Distance 71 - Title of a Book 72 - Or, Either or, Neither nor 72 - Collective Nouns 72 - It and There as the Subject 73 - Irregular Plural Nouns as the Subject 73 Inversion (Devrik Cümleler) 77 - Prepositional Phrases 77 - Negative Adverbs 79 - The Passive 83 - If Clauses 84 Grammar Exercises 87 BÖLÜM 2 VOCABULARY (Kelime) 108 General Academic Vocabulary Exercises 110 Terms and Vocabulary Related to Academic Fields of Study Natural Sciences Astronomy Biology Chemistry Earth Sciences Physics Social Sciences Antropology 135 iii

4 - Economics Education Geography Political Sciences Sociology Philosophy and Logic Arts Music Literature Filmmaking Photography Theater and Performing Arts Architecture Sculpture and Painting Computer Technology 180 Word Formation with Prefixes, Suffixes and Stems Prefixes Other Prefixes and Certain Stems Suffixes Word Formation Exercises 193 Vocabulary In Context Exercises 209 BÖLÜM 3 TOEFL IBT SECTIONS (TOEFL IBT Bölümleri) READING TOEFL IBT Bölümleri İçin Genel Stratejiler 231 Reading Bölümü Soru Tipleri Understanding Facts and Details Practice Exercise Identifying Negative Facts Practice Exercise Locating Referents Practice Exercise Understanding Vocabulary in Context 242 iv

5 - Practice Exercise Making Inferences Practice Exercise Determining Rhetorical Purpose Practice Exercise Recognizing Paraphrases Practice Exercise Recognizing Coherence Practice Exercise Summarizing Important Information Practice Exercise Organizing Information Practice Exercise FULL LENGTH READING POST TEST LISTENING Listening Bölümü Soru Tipleri Identifying the Topic and Main Idea Practice Exercise 2.1.A Practice Exercise 2.1.B Determining Attitude and Purpose Practice Exercise 2.2.A Practice Exercise 2.2.B Understanding Details Practice Exercise 2.3.A Practice Exercise 2.3.B Making Inferences and Predictions Practice Exercise 2.4.A Practice Exercise 2.4.B Categorizing Information Practice Exercise 2.5.A Practice Exercise 2.5.B Summarizing a Process 296 v

6 - Practice Exercise 2.6.A 296 FULL LENGTH LISTENING POST TEST SPEAKING 305 Speaking Bölümü Soru Tipleri Independent Task 1 Free-choice Question Practice Exercise Independent Task 2 Paired-choice Question Practice Exercise Integrated Task 1 Reading, Listening & Speaking Practice Exercise Integrated Task 2 Reading, Listening & Speaking Practice Exercise Integrated Task 3 Listening & Speaking Practice Exercise Integrated Task 4 Listening & Speaking Practice Exercise FULL LENGTH SPEAKING POST TEST WRITING Integrated Task Reading, Listening & Writing Practice Exercise Not Alma Yöntemleri ve Stratejileri Sinyal Kelimeler ve İfadeler Anahtar Kelime Yöntemi Taslak Yöntemi Semboller ve Kısaltmalar Independent Task Opinion-based Essay Kompozisyonun Bölümleri Outline Brainstorming Örnek Outline Örnek Essay 345 vi

7 - Brainstorming Örnek Outline Practice Exercise Writing Bölümü İçin Yararlı İpuçları Giriş Cümleleri Büyük Harf Kuralları Noktalama Kuralları Geçiş Kelimeleri ve İfadeleri 358 Writing Topics ( TOEFL Bulletin ETS) 362 FULL LENGTH WRITING POST TEST 373 BÖLÜM 4 TOEFL IBT FULL LENGTH TESTS 1&2 376 Full Length Test Reading Section Listening Section Speaking Section Writing Section 401 Full Length Test Reading Section Listening Section Speaking Section Writing Section 429 BÖLÜM 5 AUDIO SCRIPTS & ANSWER KEYS (Dinleme Metinleri ve Cevap Anahtarları) TOEFL IBT Sections Audio Scripts Listening Speaking Writing 448 TOEFL IBT Sections Answer Key Reading Listening Speaking Writing 462 vii

8 TOEFL IBT Full Length Test 1 Audio Scripts Listening Speaking Writing 476 TOEFL IBT Full Length Test 1 Answer Key Reading Listening Speaking Writing 484 TOEFL IBT Full Length Test 2 Audio Scripts Listening Speaking Writing 495 TOEFL IBT Full Length Test 2 Answer Key Reading Listening Speaking Writing 504 Grammar Exercises Answer Key 506 Vocabulary Exercises Answer Key 518 Speaking Scoring Criteria 525 Writing Scoring Criteria 527 viii