KUREYŞLER BARAJI KURTARMA KAZILARI 2014 Yayına Hazırlayanlar / Editors Metin TÜRKTÜZÜN - Serdar ÜNAN Bilim Kurulu / Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Şevket DÖNMEZ İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Arkeoloji Bölümü Protohistorya ve Önasya Arkeolojisi Ana Bilim Dalı Prof. Dr. Thomas DREW BEAR Lyon Üniversitesi Fransız Anadolu Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Doç. Dr. Ali Umut TÜRKCAN Anadolu Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Arkeoloji Bölümü Protohistorya ve Önasya Arkeolojiai Ana Bilim Dalı Doç. Dr. Zeliha DEMİREL-GÖKALP Anadolu Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Sanat Tarihi Bölümü Bizans Sanatı Ana Bilim Dalı Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hüseyin KÖKER Harran Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Arkeoloji Bölümü
Bu kitap TC Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü ve TC Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğünün katkılarıyla yayınlanmıştır. This book has been published through the sponsorship of the Directorate of the Turkish State Hydraulic Works and Turkish General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums Tüm metnin yayım hakkı saklıdır. Tanıtım için yapılacak kısa alıntılar dışında editörlerin yazılı izni olmaksızın hiçbir yolla çoğaltılamaz. ISBN: 978-605-65601-7-0 1. Baskı 2015 Yayına Hazırlayanlar / Editors Metin TÜRKTÜZÜN - Serdar ÜNAN Çeviri / Translation Fatih AKDENİZ Grafik ve Tasarım / Graphics and Design Berkay CULHA Mimari Çizim / Architectural Drawings Gizem KARAARSLAN - Fehmi YAŞAR Fotoğraflar / Photos Ercan KILIÇ - Suat Anıl BALAT Teknik Çizim / Tecnical Drawing Mehmet YÖRÜR - Şadiye YEŞİLBAŞLI Düzeltmeler / Redaction Merve ANDAÇ - Mehmet ÇERİ Yayınevi / Publishing House Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık www.bilginkultursanat.com Selanik 2 cad. 68/4 Kızılay Ankara Tel: 0 312 419 85 67 Fax: 0312 419 85 68 Sertifika No: 20193 Kapak Fotoğrafı / Cover Photo Kazı Evi - Höyüktepe Hava Fotoğrafı Baskı / Printing Ankara Ofset Büyük Sanayi 1. Cadde Necatibey İş Hanı Alt Kat No: 93/43-44 İskitler - Ankara Sertifika No: 0690110863
İÇİNDEKİLER Mehmet ÖZDOĞAN SUNUŞ...VII Metin TÜRKTÜZÜN - Serdar ÜNAN ÖNSÖZ... XIII M. İzzet EROL Kureyşler Barajı Planlama, İnşaat Çalışmaları ve Çevresel Etki Değerlendirme... 1 Kureyşler Dam Planning Construction Works And Envıronmental Impact Assessment Zeynal Abiddin ERGÜLER - Enes ZENGİN - Ali Samet ÖNGEN Höyüktepe ve Attepe Arkeolojik Yerleşim Alanlarının Jeolojik, Jeomorfolojik ve Jeoteknik Özellikleri... 11 Geological, Geomorphological And Geotechnical Properties Of Höyüktepe And Attepe Archaeological Settlement Area Metin TÜKTÜZÜN - Serdar ÜNAN Kureyşler Barajı Kurtarma Kazıları 2014 Yılı Çalışmaları... 37 Kureyşler Dam Rescue Excavations 2014 Campaign Berkay DİNÇER Kureyşler Baraj Gölü Havzasında 2014 Yılı Paleolitik Araştırmaları... 191 Paleolithic Researches In Kureyşler Dam Reservoir Basin: 2014 Season Nazan ÜNAN Höyüktepe Erken Tunç Çağı Mimarisi: 2014 Yılı Bulguları... 211 Höyüktepe Early Bronze Age Architecture: 2014 Season Findings Nazan ÜNAN Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Erken Tunç Çağı Çanak Çömleği... 223 Höyüktepe Early Bronze Age Pottery: 2014 Season Findings Gözde KÖYMEN Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Erken Tunç Çağı Tekstil Grubu: Ağırşak, Dokuma Tezgâh Ağırlıkları ve Boncuklar... 309 Early Bronze Age Textile Group At Höyüktepe: Spindle Whorl, Loom Weights And Beads: 2014 Season Findings Neyir KOLANKAYA-BOSTANCI Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Erken Tunç Çağı Yonmataş Endüstrisi... 349 Early Bronze Age Lithic Industry From Höyüktepe: 2014 Season Findings Merve ANDAÇ Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Erken Tunç Çağı Kesici Sürtme Taş Aletleri... 379 Early Bronze Age Ground Stone Tools With Cutting Edge From Höyüktepe: 2014 Season Findings
Adnan BAYSAL Höyüktepe Öğütme Taşları Üzerine İlk Gözlemler... 409 The First Observations On The Höyüktepe Ground Stones Ali Umut TÜRKCAN - Zeki Barış BEYOĞLU Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Erken Tunç Çağı Damga Mühürleri... 431 Höyüktepe Early Bronze Age Stamp Seals In 2014 Serpil SANDALCI Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Erken Tunç Çağı Hayvan ve İnsan Figürinleri... 447 Bronze Age Zoomorphic And Anthropomorphic Figurines From Höyüktepe: 2014 Season Findings Metin TÜRKTÜZÜN - Nazan ÜNAN - Sibel İNAL Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Erken Tunç Çağı Metal Bulgularına Dair Bir Değerlendirme... 473 An Evaluation Of Early Bronze Age Metal Finds From Höyüktepe: 2014 Season Damla IŞIK Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Erken Tunç Çağı Sapan Taşları... 487 Early Bronze Age Sling Stones From Höyüktepe: 2014 Season Serdar ÜNAN Höyüktepe Geç Doğu Roma Dönemi Mimarisine İlişkin İlk İncelemeler... 497 Preliminary Reflections On Höyüktepe Late Eastern Roman Architecture Serdar ÜNAN Höyüktepe ve Dereköy Nekropolü 2014 Yılı Mezar Tipleri... 515 Tomb Types Of Höyüktepe And Dereköy Necropolis: 2014 Season Findings Neşide GENÇER Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemleri Seramikleri... 569 Pottery Of Hellenistic And Roman Perıods From Höyüktepe: 2014 Season Alptekin ORANSAY Höyüktepe, Attepe ve Dereköy 2014 Yılı Madeni Buluntuları... 595 Metal Finds From Höyüktepe, Attepe And Derekoy: 2014 Season Recep KARACA Kureyşler Barajı Kurtarma Kazıları (Höyüktepe ve Attepe Yerleşimi) 2014 Yılında Ele Geçen Sikkeler... 653 Coins Recovered From Kureyşler Dam Salvage Excavations In 2014 (Höyüktepe And Attepe Settlements) Nilgün ELÂM Höyüktepe'den (Kütahya) Opsikion Theması Strategosu Thomas a Ait Bir Bizans Kurşun Mührü... 661 A Byzantine Lead Seal (From Höyüktepe/Kütahya) Belonged To Thomas Strategos Of Opsician Theme
Hakan BİLGİÇ Höyüktepe ve Attepe Yerleşimi 2014 Yılı Cam Bilezikleri... 669 Glass Bracelets From Höyüktepe And Attepe Settlements: 2014 Season Mehtap KÜLAHLI Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Geç Doğu Roma Dönemi Çatı Kiremitleri... 697 Late East Roman Period Roof Tiles Of Höyüktepe: 2014 Season Findings Ahmet Cem ERKMAN - Seçil SAĞIR - Yarenkür ALKAN Höyüktepe 2014 Yılı Paleoantropolojik ve Zooarkeolojik Analizi... 709 Höyüktepe Paleoanthropological And Zooarcheological Analysis: 2014 Season Findings Salih KAVAK - Halil ÇAKAN Kureyşler Barajı Kurtarma Kazıları na (Höyüktepe) Ait 2014 Yılı Ön Arkeobotanik Bulgular... 723 Preliminary Archaeobotanical Report Of Kureyşler Dam Salvage Excavations (Höyüktepe): 2014 Season Findings ABSTRACT... 737 KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ... 739 TEŞEKKÜR... 743
KUREYŞLER DAM RESCUE EXCAVATIONS - 2014 SEASON Kureyşler Dam Rescue Excavations emerges as an important archaeological study carried out within Kütahya province and provides valuable data on and deepens our understanding of the Inner Western Anatolian region alongside Seyitömer Mound Excavations and Çiledir Mound Excavations. The rescue excavations were started with the aim of determining and registering the cultural artefacts that would be flooded by Kureyşler Irrigation dam. The Höyüktepe and Attepe settlements located at Kütahya province, Aslanapa district, Kureyşler Village which were registered as first degree archaeological sitesdue to the decision of Eskişehir Provincial Board of Natural and Cultural Heritage. It wasdated with 26.12.1996 and numbered 235 would be flooded by Kureyşler Dam, the construction of which was initiated in 2012 by State Hydraulic Works (DSİ). Eskişehir 3rd Regional Directorate. In addition to the existing registered mound and settlement a novel necropolis was discovered at the region during the rescue excavations carried out by our Directorate in 2013. In order to discover the cultural heritage at the mound, the settlement and the necropolis, a protocol was signed between Kutahya Provincial Directorate of Culture (Kütahya Museum Directorate) and DSİ Eskişehir 3rd Regional Directorate and an excavation permit was issued by the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums. So Kureyşler Dam Rescue Excavations were initiated on 01.05.2014. The rescue excavations are funded by DSİ Eskişehir 3rd Regional Directorate. During the 2014 excavations that cover eight months of field study which comprises the first stage of the rescue excavations with 3 scientific advisors, 15 technical staff and 100 workers were employed. Moreover, graduate and post-graduate students of several universities in Turkey enjoyed the chance to improve their skills through actively taking part in such a study. The first site where the rescue excavations were started, was Höyüktepe, a middle sized mound which measures 200.00m from north to south and 200.00m from east to west ends. Before the excavation, the surface of the mound was divided into 10.00m x10.00m squares in order to determine the existing surface finds and the finds were organised, classified and statistically studied, accordingly. According to the determined statistics; the sherds of pottery gathered from the top of the mound display Early Bronze Age II characteristics, the sherds of pottery discovered on the eastern and southern parts displayed EBA II characteristics yet there are Middle Bronze Age, Hellenistic Period and Late Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Period samples, as well. Interestingly, even during the surface excavation, a whole pt juglet that belongs to EBA II was discovered on the eastern upper plane of the mound. During the excavations squares H-16, H-17, H-18, H-19, I-16, I-17, I-18, I-19, J-16, J-17, J-18, J-19, K-16, K-17, K-18 at the top of the mound were excavated. It was discovered that squares H-16-19 located on the western part of the mound were on the bedrock and no traces of a settlement was observed here. EBA II buildings were discovered on the other squares located on the upper parts of the mound. It would be convenient to assert that these buildings do not have the features of a settlement but might be considered as EBA II workshops due to the existence of a large number of ovens and kilns. Some of the workshops were carved into the limestone bedrock while others were built using wooden beams covered with earth roofing over dry stone walls. The western section of the upper elevations of the moundis formed of a limestone bedrock and the workshops leaning on this rock and concentrate on the east and south directions. Among the small finds discovered at the EBA II layer there are various pottery, figurines, spindle whorls, bone tools, metal finds, blades, and axes. These findings have been dated to EBA II. It was determined that most of the EBA layers were disturbed by 49 Late Eastern Roman (Byzantine) period simple earth and cist graves built over these workshops. 737
A strong architectural tradition pertaining to the Late Eastern Roman (Byzantine) period was observed in 10 squares located on the south and southeast skirts of the mound including squares L-25, L-26, L-27, M-25, M-26, N-25, N-26, N-27, O-26, and O-27. The dry stone walls built using semi-processed and rough stones have a north-south oriented rectangular plan. The buildings have frequently stone-paved floors and shared courtyards. Inside these grain storages and domed ovens were discovered. Although a limited number of sherds of pottery that belongs to the period were discovered the large number of metals finds is notable. The 2015 excavations are important since it is expected that the functions and architectural layout of these Late Eastern Roman (Byzantine) period would be revealed during the forthcoming excavations. Another site where the rescue excavations continue is the Attepe settlement. The site which is located on the northeastern part of Kureyşler village was registered by Eskişehir Provincial Board of Natural and Cultural Heritage as a necropolis however during the excavations on squares I-17 and I-18 a two-room building constructed using a dry stone wall suggesting that the site was not a necropolis but a settlement that belongs to the Late Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Period. It is expected that the functions and layout of the mentioned architectural remains will be fully laid bare during 2015 excavations. During the excavations at Dereköy Necropolis, which was formerly excavated by our Directorate in 2013 and during which a marble sarcophagus and cover fragments alongside an underground vaulted grave were unearthed, novel marble sarcophagus lids were encountered. Considering that another possible vaulted grave that might exist around the discovered vaulted grave in the square EE-27, During expanding the excavation area process, processed stones and thick walls joined together using a limestone binder have been revealed. It was determined that the discovered building belonged to the Early Eastern Roman Period depending on wall style and limestone mortar. Sounding work was carried out at squares CC-19, DD-19, DD-23, EE-19, EE- 24 in order to detect possible graves. The soundings measure 2.00x2.00 m, 5.00x5.00 m and 10.00x10.00 m two sarcophagus covers were discovered after the sounding. The desired results could not be reached due to the very vast area. Thus, after the geophysical measurements to be carried out at the site in 2015, we are planning to discover a probable necropolis dated to the Roman Imperial Period and reach the graves undisturbed by illicit excavations or natural hazards and so as to provide in situ material. During the 2014 excavations which lasted 6 months at Höyükepe and Attepe Settlement a sum of 37 squares with a size of 10.00x10.00 were excavated and sounding works at Dereköy Necropolis were continued. It was determined that the settlement at Höyüktepe also continued on the southern slopes. The layout of Attepe settlement, which is a slope settlement, has not been determined yet. It is considered that the excavations at Dereköy Necropolis would be more clear after the geophysical surveys. A sum of 1324 artefacts was registered as during the 2014 excavations of Kureyşler Dam Rescue Excavations. 541 of these were registered at the inventory collection while 785 were registered at the study collection. It is believed that the data obtained during the excavations carried out within the scope of Kureyşler Dam Rescue Excavations, which cover Höyüktepe, Attepe settlement and Dereköy Necropolis and were partially fulfilled during 2014 and continue in 2015, would shed light upon the Bronze Age and Late Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Period in Inner Western Anatolia. Moreover, it is expected that remains dated to different periods might be discovered at Höyüktepe and Attepe Settlement. The results of 2015 and 2016 excavations will also be published in separate volumes that not only study the archaeological heritage in the region to be affected by Kureyşler Dam but also explore the activities and production of Palaeolithic people of the region, the botanical spectrum, and the ethnographic elements surviving in nearby villages with approach to study and document all the archaeological phases in the region. 738