TOO / EITHER TOO : de, da = Aynı anlamı taşıyan iki olumlu cümlenin sonuna gelir, EITHER : de, da= Aynı anlamı taşıyan iki olumsuz cümlenin sonuna gelir. Too ve Either cümlenin sonuna gelir ve kendilerinden önce virgül kullanılır. I am rich, Tom is rich, too Ben zenginim, Tom da zengin. Ankara is a big city, İstanbul is a big city, too. Ankara büyük bir kent, İstanbul da büyük bir kent. I can t play tennis, Mary can t play tenis, either. Ben tenis oynayamam, Mary de tenis oynayamaz. Barbara is happy, I am happy, too. Barbara mutlu, Bende mutluyum. I like classical music, Tom likes classical music, too. Ben Klasik müzik severim, Tom da klasik müzik sever. I don t like dogs, My brother doesn t like dogs, either. Ben köpekleri sevmem, Kardeşim de köpekleri sevmez. EXERCISE A: Complete the sentences with too or either 1. I am a teacher, My sister is a teacher, 2. I like Ankara, My friends like it, 3. My uncle doesn t smoke cigarette, I don t soke cigarette, 4. I was in Paris last summer, Tom was in Paris last summer, 5. I plat the piano well, My teacher plays the piano well, 6. Turkey is a nice country, France is a nice country, 7. Adana is very hot in summer time, Kayseri is very hot in summer time, 8. I haven t visited Moscow, Tom hasn t visited Moscow, 9. My shoes are made of leather, her shoes are made of leather, 10. I am not afraid of snakes, My brother isn t afraid of snakes, Either.or : ya.. ya da The answer is either right or wrong. Cevap ya doiru ya da yanlış I will go to İzmir either on Sunday or on Monday. İzmir e ya Pazar ya da pazartesi günü gideceiim. You can either have chicken or fish: Ya tavuk ay da balık yiyebilirsiniz. Özne durumunda kullanıldıiındaikinci özne tekil ise tekil yardımcı fiille, çoğul ise çoğul yardımcı fiille kullanılır. Either Ali or Veli called me. Beni ya Ali ya da Veli aradı. They will either rent a ten tor stay in a hotel. Onlar ya bir çadır kiralayacaklar ya da otelde kalacaklar. So do I. 1 / 5
Neither do I So : olumlu cümlelerde, neither ise olumsuz cümlelerde kullanılır. Neither yerine nor kullanılabiliyor. İki cümle anlamca aynı fakat özneleri farklıysa de, da anlamını vermek için,olumlu cümleler için so olumsuz cümleler için either kullanılır. TOM : I can speak German. Ben Almanca konuşabilirim. MARY : So can I. Ben de öyle. JACK : Hande can t speak Arabic. (Hande Arapça konuşamaz) DENNIS : Neither can Helen (Helen de öyle) I visited my aunt last weekend, so did Tom. I didn t buy anything yesterday, neither did Ali. Mehmet Topuz is a good player, so is Gökhan. I didn t like watching TV, neither does Susan. She can swim well, so can Dennis. I m very hungry, so are my friends. EXERCISE A: Complete the following sentences using so, neither. AşaIıdaki cümleleri so, neither ile tamamlayınız. 1. A : I like reading. B :..my friends. 2. A : I have studied hard for the examination. B :.. 3. A : She can t repair her car by herself. B :.Tom 4. A : The girls can run fasy. B :..the boys 5. A : You mustn t somek cigarette. B : the other students. 6. A : The plane didn t arrive on time yesterday. B :..the train. 7. A : I didn t see the that film. B : Helen. 8. A : He went to İstanbul last week. B :..his wife 9. A : We bought a nice flat last Sunday. B :..our neighbours. 10. A : John isn t tired. B:..Janet. 2 / 5
NEITHER.NOR Neither nor kalıbı Türkçeye ne.. ne de biçiminde çevrilir. Kendisi olumsuz yapıda oluduğu için olumlu fiille kullanılır. Ancak cümlenin anlamı olumsuzdur. Özne durumunda kullanılırsa ikinci özne tekil ise tekil yardımcı fiille, çoğul ise çoğul yardımcı fiille kullanılır. Mr Brown neither smokes nor drinks. Bay Brown ne sigara ne de içki içer. Neither birinci, Nor ise ikinci sözcükten once gelir. Öznesi ya da nesnesi olumsuz olan eylemin kendisi olumlu kalır. Neither Mr Brown nor his wife is very tall. Ne bay Brown ne de karısı cok uzun boyludur. Neither Peter nor John were at home last night. Ne Peter ne de john evde dün gece evdedeğildi. Neither Tom nor Helen got up early. She neither goes to the theatre nor to teh cinema. Grey is neither black nor white. Gri ne siayh ne de beyazdır. Helen eats neither beef nor ham. Helen ne sığr eti ne de domuz eti yer. Not only... but (also/as well) Not only... yapısıyla cümleye başlanması durumunda cümlede devrik yapı oluşur. Bu yapı Türkçe ye sadece/yalnızca değil aynı zamanda anlamı ile aktarılır. Bazen also ku llanılmayabilir. I not only lost my wallet buy (also) my bag. Sadece cüzdanımı kaybetmedim mantamı da kaybettim. Not only does he play the piano but he is a good singer (as well). Sadece piano çalmakla kalmaz, iyi bir "arkıcıdır da. Not only my uncle but also my aunt came to my birthday party last night. Doğum günü partime sadece amcam değil halam da geldi. The film wasn t only boring but also very long. Film sadece sıkıcı değil aynı zamanda çok uzundu. EXERCISE : Complete with so, neither, nor I can t drive a car and I live in a small town He never smokes and Mary Mary came to the party, and did Derek I ve already seen that film and has Helen I am thirsty I watched TV last night I can t play the quitar EXERCISE: Asagidaki cümleleri neither ve nor kullanarak birlestiriniz. I can t read. I can t sing a song. 3 / 5
They don t speak Turkish They don t speak French. The film wasn t exciting. It wasn t interesting... Fatma doesn t speak quietly Fatma doesn t speak fluently.. EXERCISE: Complete these replies with so or neither : 1.I like Ankara! do I. 2. I really don t like pork!..do I. 3.I can t swim can I. TEST IX 1) These chairs aren t enough for ten students.they need. A) much B) a few C) more D) less 2) Are there.. pieces of paper on your table? I need. A) many / any B) some / any C) a lot of / much D) any / some 3) JACK : I was able to swim when I was five. JILL : I was able to swim when I was five,. A) too B) neither C) so D) either 4) BILL : I ve never played squash. GREG : I ve never played squash,. A) so B) too C) either D) neither 5) ALICE : How.rice did you put into the soup? BETTY :... A) many / too little B) much / too much C) much / very little D) much / a few 6) I was able to answer most of the questions in the exam. Only.. of them were..difficult for me.. 4 / 5
A) a few / enough / to answer B) many / too / to answer C) a little / too / answer D) a few / too / to answer 7) I don t like mushrooms. They are not delicious..for me.. A) too / eat B) too / to eat C) enough / eat D) enough / to eat 8) The milk is.hot for the baby..don t give it to the baby. A) too / to drink B) very / to drink C) not / to drink D) enough / drinks 9) Let s go for a picnic.it s warm and sunny to have picnic. A) too B) very C) much D) enough 10) They shouldn t climb this mountain. It is..dangerous. A) too / climb B) much / to climb C) too / to climb D) enough / climb TEST IX 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) C 5) B 6) D 7) D 8) A 9) D 10) C 5 / 5