LARGESTS OF THE TANKER WORLD

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LARGESTS OF THE TANKER WORLD TANKER DÜNYASININ EN BÜYÜKLER YILMAZ ÖZTÜRK Oil seals the fate of the World for a hundred and fifty years and the tankers that take the oil from production spots and carry it to every single port of the earth draws the road map of that fate. Importance of tankers in maritime transport will never end as long as the modern life s need for oil and oil products continues. Namely, we will go on preparing the Top 10 of the World tanker shipping. Here comes the 2015 World Tanker Shipping Top 10! Yüz elli y ld r dünyan n kaderine petrol yön veriyor, onu üretim noktalar ndan al p yeryüzünün her liman na ulaflt ran tankerler de bu kaderin yol haritas n çiziyor. Modern yaflam petrole ve petrol ürünlerine ihtiyaç duydukça deniz tafl mac l nda da tankerler önemini sürdürecek. Yani dünya tanker tafl mac l n n Top 10 unu yapmaya devam edece iz. flte karfl n zda Dünya Tanker Tafl mac l 2015 Top 10! I f we attempt to prepare a file about tanker shipping, probably we cannot finish it even if we devote a whole issue of marine&commerce only for this purpose. For we have to start the story back from the Industrial Revolution where the commercial shipping began to utilize steam. Indeed, the first commercial tanker was built in 1863 as a sailing vessel and the steam-powered oil tanker Vaderland was built by Palmers Shipyard and Iron Company in England and delivered to its Belgian owners in 1873. Namely, a history of 150 years. Of course those 150 years is not the only reason for a file about yesterday and today of tanker shipping being highly sizable. What makes it important is the role played on the fate of the world by its cargo, namely oil rather than the history of ships. The fact that oil pipeline, 028 T anker tafl mac l hakk nda bir dosya haz rlamaya kalksak, herhalde marine&commerce n bir say s n ay rsak bile bitiremeyiz. Çünkü hikayeyi anlatmaya ticari tafl mac l n istim tutmaya bafllad Sanayi Devrimi sürecinden bafllamam z gerekir. Nitekim ilk ticari tanker yelkenli bir gemi olarak 1863 te infla edildi, 1873 te ise buhar gücüyle çal flan petrol tankeri Vaderland, ngiltere de Palmers Tersanecilik ve Demir fiirketi taraf ndan infla edilerek Belçikal sahiplerine teslim edildi. Yani 150 y ll k bir tarihten söz ediyoruz. Kuflkusuz tanker tafl mac l n n dünü ve bugünü hakk ndaki bir dosyan n fazla hacimli olmas n n tek nedeni 150 y l de il. Onu gemilerin tarihinden çok, tafl d yükün yani petrolün dünyan n kaderi üzerinde oynad rol önemli k l yor. Ham petrol ve petrol ürünleri tafl mac l n n tankerler kadar önemli bir aktörü olan ve kaderin garip bir cilvesiyle 1863 y l nda do an petrol boru hatlar n n which with a twist of fate was born also in 1863 and is an actor of crude oil and oil product transportation as important as tankers, being considered such valuable is the business of same precious mud! As we said, if we enter into economy-politics of this matter, it would be necessary to prepare special journals. For that reason, we keep it short and turn back to our report about the top tanker shipping companies of the world and we put them under the scope in this issue. SEAS ARE FULL OF GIANTS Transporting the oil and oil products by tankers has always been very important in the world trade. On the other side, the world trade that became increasingly globalized after 1980s paved the way for the increase in size, tank volume and therefore transport capacity of the ships in tanker industry as well as in all other fields of maritime transportation. When considered without discriminating between types, the largest cargo carrying ships of our day, ULCCs (Ultra Large Crude Carriers) and VLCCs (Very Large Crude Carriers) are the works of oil trade which has shapened the fate of 20th century, and appears like will intervene also in twenty-first century. When some vessels start to be identified by words like giant, gigantic, very large, and ultra large, a part of the industry da bu denli de erli görülmesi ayn k ymetli çamur un ifli! Dedik ya, e er bu iflin ekonomi-politi ine girersek özel dergiler yapmam z gerekir. O yüzden k sa kesiyoruz ve bu say m zda mercek alt na ald m z dünyan n en büyük tanker tafl mac lar hakk nda raporumuza dönüyoruz. DEN ZLER DEV DOLU Ham petrol ve petrol ürünlerinin tankerlerle tafl nmas dünya ticaretinde her zaman çok önemli oldu. Öte yandan 1980 lerden sonra h zla küreselleflen dünya ticareti, deniz tafl mac l n n bütün di er alanlar nda oldu u gibi tanker sektöründe de gemilerin boyutlar n n, tank hacimlerinin ve dolay s yla da tafl ma kapasitelerinin artmas na yol açt. S n f ay rt etmeden bak ld nda bugün dünyan n en büyük yük tafl yan gemileri ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carriers) ve VLCC ler (Very Large Crude Carriers), 20. Yüzy l n kaderini flekillendiren ve 21. Yüzy la da müdahale edece i belli olan petrol ticaretinin eserleri. Birtak m araçlar dev, devasa, çok büyük, ultra büyük gibi sözcüklerle tan mlanmaya bafllad nda, o araçlar n kullan ld sektör kurulufllar n n bir bölümü de ayn sözcüklerle tan mlanabilir hale geliyor. Okurlar m zla bu sayfalar m zda paylaflt m z liste, iflte o devlerin dünyas n resmediyor. Kuflkusuz dünya tanker filosunun tümünü listelememiz mümkün de il. Yine de bu liste kimlerin piyasan n en güçlüleri oldu unu ve ülkelerin yerini yavafl yavafl MARINE&COMMERCE TEMMUZ 2015 029

institutions where those vehicles are used also becomes identifiable with the same words. The list we share with our reader in these pages illustrates the world of those giants. Of course, it is not possible to list whole of the world tanker fleet. Nevertheless, this list is enlightening enough to unroll the most powerful ones of the industry and to display that the countries are gradually being replaced by international operating companies. THE WINNER FROM JAPAN, SECOND FROM PERSIA The largest oil shipping company of the world is based in Japan, an oil poor country like Turkey. The transport capacity of tankers owned by Mitsui-OSK (MOL) which was established in 1884 is 15.8 million DWT; another 74,000 DWT tanker of the company is under construction. The fleet involves 40 VLCC, six LR2, five Aframax, 12 LR1, 26 MR and 13 Handysize tankers. NITC (National Iranian Tanker Company) takes place in the second rank. NITC, which was a corporate of Iranian National Oil Company and became independent in 2009, moved up by adding 12 VLCCs to its fleet during the period between May 2012-July 2013. There is no clear data about newbuilding tankers of the company who currently owns a 13.6 million DWT fleet. It is said that a number of Panamaxes are under construction in China instead of large tankers. Six aged VLCCs 030 uluslararas iflletmeci flirketlerin almaya bafllad n gözler önüne serecek kadar ayd nlat c. B R NC JAPONYA DAN, K NC RAN DAN Dünyan n en büyük petrol tafl mac l flirketi, Türkiye gibi petrol fakiri bir ülke olan Japonya da bulunuyor. 1884 y l nda kurulmufl olan Mitsui-OSK n n (MOL) sahip oldu u tankerlerin tafl ma kapasitesi 15.8 milyon DWT; halen 74,000 DWT lik tanker de infla aflamas nda. Filoyu 40 VLCC, alt LR2, befl Aframax, 12 LR1, 26 MR ve 13 Handysize tanker oluflturuyor. ki numarada NITC (National Iranian Tanker Company) yer al yor. ran Ulusal Petrol fiirketi nin bir kurulufluyken 2009

are deployed for oil storage in the Persian Gulf presently. On the y l nda özerkleflen NITC, May s 2012-Temmuz 2013 aras nda filoya 12 VLCC nin eklenmesiyle s n f atlad. Halen 13.6 milyon other side, there are 37 VLCC, nine Suezmax, five Aframax and DWT lik bir filoya sahip olan flirketin yeni infla tankerleri three product tankers in the Iranian tanker fleet. In an hakk nda net bir veri yok. Büyük tankerler announcement made by the head office in yerine birkaç Panamax n Çin de infla recent days it is reported that the NITC is FIRST 20 FLAG OWNING halinde oldu u konufluluyor. Alt yafll VLCC planning to add 6 million DWT capacity to its MAXIMUM NUMBER OF halen Basra Körfezi nde ham petrol fleet by way of purchasing and building 25 TANKERS depolanmas nda kullan l yor. ran tanker more tankers in conformity with IMO rules. filosunda 37 VLCC, dokuz Suezmax, befl EN FAZLA TANKERE SAH P Aframax ve üç ürün tankeri bulunuyor. JAPAN, AMERICAN, BELGIAN LK 20 BAYRAK Geçti imiz günlerde flirket merkezinden Panama // Panama 8,164 Another Japanese, NYK Group is in the third yap lan aç klamada, NITC nin infla etme ve Indonesia // Endonezya 7,738 rank with 12.6 million DWT. The fleet is sat n alma yoluyla IMO kurallar na uygun Japan // Japonya 5,260 composed of 33 VLCC, four Aframax, five 25 tankere daha sahip olarak filosuna 6 China // Çin 3,984 LR2, 24 MR and five chemical tankers. The milyon DWT kapasite eklemeyi planlad 3,533 USA // ABD duyuruldu. companies like Knutsen NYK Offshore Singapore // Singapur 3,529 Tankers and Stolt Nielsen are performing JAPON, AMER KAN, BELÇ KALI 3,164 Liberia // Liberya joint-venture tanker shipping while NYK Marshall Islands // Marshall Adalar 2,829 Bir di er Japon firmas NYK Grubu, 12.6 Group operates 28 LNG tanker as well. Russia // Rusya 2,505 milyon DWT ile üçüncü s rada. Filoyu 33 Hong Kong // Hong Kong 2,482 Teekay Group founded by Denmark origin USA VLCC, dört Aframax, befl LR2, 24 MR ve Malta // Malta 2,001 citizen J. Torben Karlshoej achieved a rapid befl kimyasal tanker oluflturuyor. NYK 1,892 South Korea // Güney Kore growth with its Teekay Tankers put into Grubu ayr ca 28 LNG tankerini iflletirken, Vietnam // Vietnam 1,764 Knutsen NYK Offshore Tankers ve Stolt practice in May 2007 and placed in the forth Malesia // Malezya 1,657 Nielsen gibi flirketlerle de ortak giriflim rank. On the other side, the company owns the 1,609 India // Hindistan tanker tafl mac l ifli yap yor. largest shuttle tanker fleet of the world. It has a double hull tanker fleet composed of 22 Suezmax, 12 Aframax, seven LR2 and three MR besides 11 time-chartered tankers. Teekay Tankers also holds shares of various joint venture companies. Teekay s total fleet capacity is 12.5 million DWT and the company 032 Philippines // Filipinler 1,428 Greece // Yunanistan 1,417 Bahamas // Bahamalar 1,413 Italy // talya 1,384 Turkey // Türkiye 1,258 Source // Kaynak: Clarksons, as of 19.06.2015 Danimarka kökenli ABD vatandafl J. Torben Karlshoej in kurdu u Teekay Grubu, 2007 Aral k ay nda hayata geçirdi i Teekay Tanker ile h zl bir büyüme kaydetti ve dördüncü s raya yerleflti. Öte yandan flirket dünyan n en büyük shuttle tanker filosuna made a contract for newbuilding of 12 Suezmax tanker in recent days. Thus, 606 thousand DWT will be added to the fleet. Belgian tanker company Euronav ranked as five with its total 12.5 million DWT tanker fleet. Indeed, Euronav was not such a large company until the current year. However, the company made a big leap when it purchased 15 VLCCs belonging to Maersk for 980 million dollars. Besides, the company announced that it is watching opportunity for other tanker purchases in a period where surges are experienced in oil markets and distresses related with global economy never relieve. It is reported that Euronav has agreed with the investment institution OSG and will purchase three more VLCC and two Aframax tankers from Maersk. BERMUDIAN, RUSSIAN, SAUDI We see an international tanker operating company, Frontline Group in the sixth rank. There is 67 tankers in its 11.9 million DWT fleet 24 of which are VLCC, 17 Suezmax, 10 LR2 and 16 MR. Delivery of the Group s order for two LR2 and five oil product tankers has started as of September of the last year and those deliveries contributes to the growth of the fleet. Besides, it sahip. Halen 22 si Suezmax, 12 si Aframax, yedisi LR2 ve üçü MR olmak üzere 44 çift cidarl tankerden oluflan bir filosu ve 11 tane de süreli kiralad tankeri bulunuyor. Teekay Tanker in çeflitli ortak giriflim flirketlerde de pay var. Toplam filo büyüklü ü 12.5 milyon DWT olan Teekay, 12 Suezmax tanker inflas için de geçti imiz günlerde bir anlaflma yapt. Böylece filoya 606 bin DWT daha eklenecek. Belçikal tanker flirketi Euronav toplam 12.5 milyon DWT tanker filosuyla beflinci s rada. Asl nda içinde bulundu umuz y la kadar Euronav bu denli büyük bir firma de ildi. Ancak Maersk e ait 15 VLCC yi 980 milyon dolara sat n al nca büyük bir s çrama gerçeklefltirmifl oldu. Üstelik firma, petrol piyasalar nda büyük dalgalanmalar yafland ve küresel ekonomiye dair endiflelerin bir türlü azalmad bir dönemde yeni tanker sat n al mlar için f rsat kollad n da duyurdu. Euronav n yat r m flirketi OSG ile anlaflt ve Maersk ten üç tane daha VLCC ve iki de Aframax tanker alaca biliniyor. BERMUDALI, RUS, SUUD Alt nc s rada bir uluslararas tanker iflletme flirketi olan Frontline Grubu bulunuyor. 11.9 milyon DWT lik filosunda 24 VLCC, 17 Suezmax, 10 LR2, 16 MR olmak üzere 67 tanker var. Grubun MARINE&COMMERCE TEMMUZ 2015 033

is reported that the group, which owns the largest Suezmax fleet of the world, is about to purchase two more Suezmax tankers. Sovcomflot Group (SCF) is at the seventh rank with its 11.9 million DWT fleet. SCF is following an investment strategy for having a fleet composed entirely of VLCCs and LRs by selling aged oil product tankers. SCF fleet is composed of 42 Aframax, 18 Suezmax, 28 MR, five Panamaxes. Group has just received one of the two newbuilding VLCCs. 11.4 million DWT tanker fleet that come to light with the merger of two Saudi companies Bahri and Vela, is placed in the eighth rank. There are 32 VLLCs one of which used for storage, one Aframax, 24 chemical carriers, five newly delivered tankers one of which is LR1 and four MR in the fleet. Entire technical and commercial administration of the fleet is carried out by Bahri Group. It is reported that the group is conducting market research for LPG and chemical product tankers. SINGAPORE, BERMUDA iki LR2 ve befl petrol ürünleri tankeri siparifli 2014 Eylül ay ndan itibaren teslim edilmeye baflland, bunlar da filoyu büyütmeye devam ediyor. Ayr ca dünyan n en büyük Suezmax filosuna sahip olan grubun iki Suezmax tanker daha sat n almak üzere oldu u gelen haberler aras nda. Sovcomflot Grubu (SCF) 11.9 milyon DWT filoyla yedinci s rada. Eski petrol ürün tankerlerini satmaya yönelen SCF filosunu VLCC ve LR2 ler ile besleyecek bir yat r m stratejisi izliyor. SCF filosu 42 Aframax, 18 Suezmax, 28 MR, befl Panamax tan olufluyor. Grup iki yeni infla VLCC sinden bir tanesini henüz teslim ald. ki Suudi flirketi, Bahri ile Vela n n birleflmesiyle ortaya ç kan 11.4 milyon DWT lik tanker filosu, sekizinci s raya yerleflti. Filoda biri depolama için kullan lan 32 VLCC, bir Aframax, 24 kimyasal tafl y c, biri LR1 dördü MR olmak üzere befl yeni teslim tanker bulunuyor. Filonun teknik ve ticari tüm yönetimini Bahri Grubu yap yor. Grubun LPG ve kimyasal ürün tankerleri için piyasada araflt rma yapt da duyuruldu. S NGAPUR, BERMUDA Singapore based AET is in the ninth rank with its 11.2 million DWT fleet. The company increased the number of VLCCs in its fleet to 13 by purchasing four eco-design VLCCs last year. Indeed, AET had more number of tankers but the company sold many of them since the fleet was aged. Presently, the company is preparing a renewal program for Aframax and VLCCs. AET fleet is composed of 50 Aframax, four Suezmax, two DP shuttle tanker (besides, two newbuilding order is placed), one Panamax and five MR tankers. Singapur merkezli AET, 11.2 milyon DWT filosuyla dokuzuncu s rada. fiirket geçti imiz y l dört eko-tasar ml VLCC alarak VLCC filosundaki gemi say s n 13 e ç karm flt. Asl nda AET nin daha fazla tankeri vard fakat filo yaflland için birçok tankerini satt. Halen flirket Aframax ve VLCC ler için bir yenileme program haz rl nda. 50 Aframax, dört Suezmax, iki DP shuttle tanker (iki tane de yeni siparifl verdi), bir Panamax ve befl MR AET tanker filosunu oluflturuyor. Another international operating company, Dynacom Tankers Management (DMT) ranked as tenth with its 8.9 million DWT. The company owns 14 VLCC, 23 Suezmax, six LR1 and six Panamax tankers. The company announced that four newbuilding Suezmax tankers will join to the fleet soon. & Bir di er uluslararas iflletme flirketi olan Dynacom Tankers Management (DMT) 8.9 milyon DWT ile onuncu s rada. 14 VLCC, 23 Suezmax, alt LR1 ve alt da Panamax tankeri var. fiirket dört yeni infla Suezmax tankerin de yak n zamanda filoya kat laca n duyurdu. & 034