TURKEY S TANKER TRANSPORTATION TÜRK YE TANKER TAfiIMACILI I

Transkript

1 TURKEY S TANKER TRANSPORTATION TÜRK YE TANKER TAfiIMACILI I CAPT. OKAN DURU, K lavuz // Pilot 048

2 Kabotaj s v yük tafl mac l petrol, petrol türevleri ve kimyasal madde çesitleri a rl kl olarak yap l yor. Tafl nan yükler akaryak t ürünleri a rl kl olmakta ve zmit, Alia a, Botafl, Mersin terminallerinden; Ambarl, Alia a, stanbul ve Antalya terminallerine do ru yönelmekte. Motorin ve Fuel oil tonaj aç s ndan önemli yükler olarak dikkat çekerken, zmit ve Alia a limanlar en yo un yükleme limanlar ; Ambarl ve Alia a en yo un boflaltma limanlar olarak göze çarp yor. Coastal liquid cargo transportation mainly covers oil, oil derivatives and chemicals. Cargoes mainly consist of fuel oil products and are carried from Izmit, Aliaga, Botas and Mersin terminals to Ambarli, Aliaga, Istanbul and Antalya terminals. Diesel fuel and fuel oil draw attention as important cargoes in terms of tonnage, Izmit and Aliaga ports stand out as the busiest loading ports, and Ambarli and Aliaga as the busiest discharge ports. A lia a PETK M kimyasal madde iflleme kompleksi, iç pazarda baz kimyasal madde tafl malar yap yor. Temizlik maddeleri üretiminde kullan lan ham maddeler zmit depolama tesislerine; elyaf ham maddesi akrilonitril (ACN) a rl kl olarak AK- SA-Yalova akrilik elyaf, trikotaj ve battaniye sanayisine tafl n yor. TÜRK TANKER F LOSU Türk tanker filosunda Ocak 2005 tarihli veriler esas al narak (1000 GRT ve üzeri), 50 adet petrol tankeri, 45 adet kimyasal tankeri ve 7 adet ürün tankeri bulunuyor. Filodaki kimyasal tankerlerin petrol türevi ürün maddelerini tafl mak üzere time charter esasl sözleflmeler yapt klar biliniyor. BP-Türk A.fi. nin ortak oldu u Mersin Atafl rafinerisi yurtd fl kaynakl büyük boyutlardaki ürün parselleri ba lant lar na ba l olarak, rafine ürünlerin Ambarl, stanbul ve Antalya gibi depolama terminallerine tafl nmas na yönelik gerek ürün tankeri gerekse kimyasal tanker arz söz konusu. Atafl rafinerisi ham petrol rafine faaliyetine son vermifl ve sadece BP-Türk A.fi. ad na da t m ara istasyonu (Hub Terminal) görevini sürdürüyor. Ayr ca zmit TÜPRAfi ve zmir TÜPRAfi rafinerilerinden de benzer kabotaj tafl malar mevcut. TÜPRAfi TAfiIMALARI (D TAfi) Türk Deniz Ticaret filosunda çok say da yafll tanker (Bülent Kalkavan, Göle, Gebze, Fenerbahçe, Sava, Kapadokya, Ayberk Kalkavan) Ditafl taraf ndan Zaman Esasl (Time Charter) olarak kiralanm fl. Yafll tankerler zamanla hizmet d fl (phase out) kalm fl ancak yerlerine yeni Türk bayrakl gemiler konulamam fl y - l Ocak ay nda Ditafl taraf ndan infla ettirilen M/T Cumhuriyet ve Güngen Denizcilik taraf ndan 2000 y l Aral k ay nda Türk Tanker Filosuna kat larak Ditafl n zaman esasl kiras na giren M/T Ottoman Dignity tankerleri çift cidarl modern suezmax tankerler olarak, an lan tarihlerden bafllamak üzere halen seferlerine devam ediyorlar. Ottoman Dignity tankeri Türk Deniz Filosu na kat ld tarihte zaman esas ile Ditafl taraf ndan kiralanm fl olup ad geçen A liaga PETKIM chemicals processing complex carries some chemicals in the domestic market. Raw materials used in production of cleaning products are carried to Izmit storage facilities; and the fiber raw material acrylonitrile is carried largely to AKSA-Yalova acrylic fiber, knitting and blanket industries. TURKISH TANKER FLEET Based on the data as of January 2005 (1000 GRT and above), we see primarily 50 oil tankers, 45 chemical tankers and 7 product tankers. However, it is known that the chemical tankers in the fleet conclude time charter contracts to carry oil derivative products. Depending on contracts for large scale product lots, the Mersin Atas refinery, in which the BP-Turk A.S. is a shareholder, requires both product tankers and chemical tankers for transportation of refined products to storage terminals such as Ambarli, Istanbul and Antalya. Atas refinery has ceased its crude oil refining activities and serves as a Hub Terminal only on behalf of BP-Turk A.S. There are similar coastal transportations from Izmit TUPRAS and Izmir TUPRAS refineries. TRANSPORTATIONS FROM TUPRAS (DITAS) A large number of aged tankers (Bulent Kalkavan, Gole, Gebzer, Fenerbahce, Sava, Kapadokya, Ayberk Kalkavan) in the Turkish merchant marine fleet are hired on Time Charter basis by Ditas. These aged tankers phased out in time, but it was not possible to replace them with new Turkish flagged ships. The M/T Cumhuriyet built by Ditas in January 2002 and the M/T Ottoman Dignity, which was added to the Turkish Tanker Fleet by Gungen Shipping in December 2000 and hired by Ditas on time charter basis, are double-hull modern suezmax tankers, and they have been serving since these dates. The tanker named Ottoman Dignity was hired by Ditas on time charter basis on the date she was added to the Turkish tanker fleet for a period of three years. The contract period of time charters was increased to 3 years as of July 2003 in an attempt to encourage the MARINE & COMMERCE OCTOBER

3 tanker halen ikinci üç y ll k periyot için Ditafl kiras nda bulunuyor. Türk bayrakl gemi iflletenlerinin teflviki amac yla Temmuz 2003 itibariyle zaman esasl denizyolu tafl malar sözleflme süreleri 3 y - la ç kart lm fl. Bu sürelerin 5-7 y l gibi daha uzun periyotlara ç - kart lmas konusunda D TAfi nezdinde çal smalar sürüyor. Ayr ca çift cidarl olarak infla ettirilmifl modern suezmax tipi Türk bayrakl tankerler (Besiktafl, Ottoman Nobility) armatörleri taraf ndan, mevcut piyasa flartlar nda daha yüksek navlun kazanc sa layan spot piyasadaki uzun süreli yabanc yüklere yöneltiliyor. Halen düzenli olarak VLCC tipi tankerlerle yap lan Kharg Island/ ran-ain Sukhna/M s r aras ndaki ham petrol tafl malar n yapabilecek Türk Bayrakl VLCC tipi tanker Türk Tanker Filosunda mevcut de il. Türk bayrakl gemi sa lanamayan ran/ Türkiye hatt nda (y ll k ham petrol ithalat milyon ton/ y l aras nda olup, 2005 y l için öngörülen milyon ton) kullan lmas gereken yaklafl k ton tafl ma kapasiteli bir VLCC nin Türk armatörleri taraf ndan sat n al nmas için Türk armatörleri ve MEAK Deniz Ticaret Odas ile yap lan görüflmeler sonras nda henüz bu tooperators of ships flying Turkish flag. There are ongoing efforts to increase it to longer periods such as 5 to 7 years. Additionally, modern double-hull suezmax tankers (Besiktas, Ottoman Nobility) flying Turkish flag are directed to long-term foreign cargoes, which provide higher freight earnings under current market conditions, in the spot market. There are no VLCCs flying Turkish flag for use in crude oil transportation that is regularly carried out with VLCCs between Kharg Island-Iran and Ain Sukhna-Egypt. In spite of negotiations between the Turkish shipowners and MEAK Chamber of Shipping for purchase of a VLCC with a carrying capacity of approximately tons, which is required to be used in the Iran-Turkey line (annual crude oil imports are on the level of 5,5-6 million ton/year, and it is expected to be around 5,772 million tons in 2005), has not resulted in purchase of a VLCC by the Turkish shipowners yet. It has not been possible to add to the Turkish fleet a vessel of this tonnage due to their high costs and to the difficulties in obtaining international financing for such a purchase. Furthermore, the Turkish Merchant Marine Fleet has no modern Aframax tankers (between DWT and DWT) that have entry-exit permissions at ports in the Mediterranean and Black Sea for transportation of crude oil from these ports. Ditas started application of operating new tankers with the newbuilt 152,500 DWT Ottoman Dignity, which was hired in 2000, and then as of January 6, 2002 another newbuilding 164,626 dwt tanker named Cumhuriyet was hired on time charter basis until the beginning of the year Ditas also hired the 40,000 dwt tanker named H. Ismail Kaptanoglu on time charter basis to carry the domestic crude oil from Dortyol to the Turkish refineries on April 4, However, this tanker is from time to time used for transportation of crude oil from other terminals. Total tonnage of tankers under time charter contracts as of today is 357,126 dwt. TUPRAS imported total of 22,3 million tons of crude oil in 2004 and 12,4 million tons of this amount was carried by the tankers named Ottoman Dignity and Cumhuriyet in the Mediterranean. Furthermore, 1,4 million tons of domestic crude oil was carried by tankers flying Turkish flag in The table illustrates the actual FOB transportations carried out by TUPRAS by sea in 2004 and the transportations planned for the year In addition to the FOB-based maritime transportation activities mentioned above, total of 1,2 million tons of crude oil from Kirkuk in Iraq was transported to the Kirikkale Refinery through pipelines, and 0,9 million tons of domestic crude oil was transported to the Batman Refinery through pipelines again. In 2004, 3,9 million tons of crude oil was imported mostly from the Tuapse, Odessa, Theodosia, Yuzhny, Kavkaz and Novorossisk ports in the Black Sea in ton lots on CFR basis to meet the needs of the refineries and total of 24,5 million tons of crude oil was processed annually. CFR crude oil purchases are made for the purpose to supply the deficiencies arising particularly 050

4 TÜRK YE L MANLARI DÖKME SIVI YÜK ELLEÇLEMES (ton) BULK LIQUID CARGO HANDLING AT TURKISH PORTS Liman Port Yük Gemi Say s Yük Gemi Say s Yük Gemi Say s Yük Gemi Say s Yük Gemi Say s Cargo Vessel Cargo Vessel Cargo Vessel Cargo Vessel Cargo Vessel Advansa Sasa, skenderun Aksa Liman Tesisi, Yalova AktaflHammadde, zmit Alemdar Diliskelesi, zmit Alt ntel Melamin skelesi, zmit Ambarl Depolama Tesisleri, stanbul Atafl Terminali, Mersin Aygaz LPG Depolama, stanbul Aygaz fiamand ralar, Samsun Aygaz Yar mca Dolum Tesisi, zmit Bagfafl skelesi, Band rma Botafl Liman, Adana Botafl LNG Terminali, stanbul BP Gemlik skelesi, Bursa Bütangaz Terminali, stanbul Çekisan Çekmece Depolama, stanbul Çekisan fiamand ras, Antalya Ege Gübre Liman, zmir Erdemir Liman, Zonguldak Evvap Port, zmit Gemlik Gübre Liman, Bursa Mopak skelesi, Mu la Gübretafl Sar seki skelesi, skenderun Gübretafl Tesisleri, zmit Habafl Terminali, zmit sdemir Liman, skenderun TCDD Alsancak Liman, zmir Koruma Klor Alkali Tesisleri, zmit Limafl Liman Tesisleri, zmit Martafl Tekirda Liman TCDD Mersin Liman Milangaz fiamand ra Tesisleri, zmit Mobil Oil Serviburnu skelesi, stanbul Moil fiamand ra Platformu, Antalya Petkim Liman, zmir Petline Platformu, zmit Petrol Ofisi Çubuklu Tesisleri, stanbul Petrol Ofisi Derince skelesi, zmit Petrol Ofisi Haramidere, stanbul Petrol Ofisi fiamand ralar, Samsun Petrol Ofisi Alia a Tesisleri, zmir POAfi Antalya fiamand ra Terminali POAfi fiamand ra Tesisleri, Trabzon Poliport, zmit Samsun Liman Shell Derince Tesisleri, zmit Solventafl skelesi, zmit TCDD Band rma Liman TorosTerminali, Adana Total Gebze Terminali, zmit TotalHaramidere skelesi, stanbul Total Oil skelesi, zmir Total Oil fiamand ras, Samsun Tügsafl Liman, Samsun Tüprafl Liman, zmir Tüprafl zmit Rafineri Tesisleri Tüprafl Körfez S v Yük skelesi, zmit Yalova Elyaf skelesi

5 F L FOB TAfiIMA M KTARLARI (x1000 Ton) ACTUAL FOB TRANSPORTATIONS Ülke // Country Terminal Toplam // Total ran // Iran Kharg Island Libya Essider Libya Raslanuf S. Arabistan // Saudi Arabia S d Kerir Suriye // Syria Banias Cezayir // Algeria Arzew/Bejaia / Skikda Rusya Fed. // Russia Novorossisk / Odessa thal Toplam // Domestic Total Yerli // Domestic Dörtyol Genel Toplam // Grand Total najda arz gerçekleflmemifl. Bu tonajda bir geminin yüksek maliyetli olmas ve uluslararas finansman sa lamakta ortaya ç kan zorluklar nedeniyle Türk Deniz Filosu na kat lmas bugüne kadar mümkün olmam fl. Ayr ca Türk Deniz Ticaret Filosu nda Akdeniz ve Karadeniz limanlar ndan yap lan ham petrol tafl malar n karfl layacak bu limanlara girifl-ç k fl izni olan modern bir Aframax tipi ( DWT DWT aras nda) tanker yok. Ditafl yeni tanker çal flt rma uygulamas na 2000 y l itibariyle kiraya al nan yeni infla DWT'luk "Ottoman Dignity" tankeri ile bafllam fl. Daha sonra 6 Ocak 2002 tarihi itibari ile Ditafl n Cumhuriyet isimli DWT'luk yeni infla tankeri de 2007 y lbafl na kadar zaman esasl olarak kiralam fl. Ayr ca, Ditafl 4 Nisan 2005 tarihinden itibaren yerli hampetrolun Dörtyol'dan rafinerilerimize tafl tmak için DWT'luk "H. smail Kaptano lu" tankerini de zaman esas ile kiral yor. Ancak bu tanker zaman zaman di er terminallerden de yükleme yap yor. Bugün için zaman esasl kiradaki tanker tonaj toplam DWT. TÜPRAfi 2004 y l nda 22.3 milyon ton hampetrol ithal etmifl, bu miktar n 12.4 milyon tonunu "Ottoman Dignity" ve "Cumhuriyet" tankerleri ile Akdeniz'de tafl tm fl. Ayr ca, 2004 y l nda 1.4 milyon ton yerli Hampetrol, Türk Bayrakl tankerler ile tafl t lm fl. TÜPRAfi' n 2004 y l nda deniz yolu ile yap lan fiili FOB tafl ma miktarlar ile 2005 y l programlanan tafl ma miktarlar tabloda verilmifltir y l nda yukar daki FOB bazl denizyolu çekifllerimizden baflka, Irak'dan 1.2 milyon ton Kerkük hampetrolü boru hatt ile al - n p K r kkale Rafinerisine sevk edilmifl ve Batman Rafinerisine 0.9 milyon ton yerli ham petrolun ikmali de boru hatt ile yap lm fl y l nda 3.9 milyon ton hampetrol ise; ço u Karadeniz'in Tuapse, Odessa, Theodosia, Yuzhny, Kavkaz ve Novorossisk limanlar ndan 80,000 ton'luk kargolar ile CFR bazda ithal edilerek rafinerilerin ihtiyac karfl lanm fl ve 24.5 milyon ton/y l hampetrol iflleme program gerçeklefltirilmifl. CFR hampetrol al mlar özellikle Irak'tan al namayan ve OPEC üyesi ülkelerin kotalar nda yapt klar k s nt lar nedeniyle ortaya ç kan aç klar kapatmak üzere yap lm fl. Di er taraftan spot ve anlaflmal olarak yap lan al mlafrom reduction in quotas of the OPEC member countries, and due to the crude oil not imported from Iraq due to the recent developments in the region. On the other hand, it is known that these purchases made on spot and contract bases are of Black Sea origin and that the sales are mostly on CFR basis. Amounts of CFR-based imports transacted under CFR importation authority obtained by TUPRAS with the Resolution of the Council of Ministers in 2002, 2003 and 2004 respectively for 5 million ton/year crude oil are shown in the table below. In 2004, Ditas had to have total of 9,4 million tons of crude oil transported by foreign tankers on FOB basis. 2,8 million tons of that amount was carried with 36 Aframax tankers, 1,1 million tons with 8 Suezmax tankers, and 5,5 million tons with 17 VLCCs. Ditas has made an attempt to purchase dwt Aframax tankers via TUPRAS. Due to the fact that the Kirkuk- Yumurtalik pipeline does not operate regularly and with adequate capacity, the crude oil needed by the Kirikkale Refinery has to be supplied in maximum ton lots due to limited discharge facilities of BOTAS Ceyhan. Because the crude oil exporting countries such as Libya and Syria has an age limit of 20 for vessels, and because there are no vessels meeting this requirement in the Turkish fleet, and due to the fact that Turkish flagged offers cannot be taken for timebased ton Aframax tenders for the last two years, this type of a vessel should urgently be purchased. DITAS carried total of 4 million tons of crude oil between Kharg Island-Iran and Ain Sukhna-Egypt with a Turkish flagged VLCC named Kapadokya hired under a time charter contract in However, the contract of the above-mentioned VLCC terminated by the middle of 2003, and no offers were received from Turkishflagged VLCCs to substitute Kapadokya in three tenders held for the purpose. Because there are no vessels of this type in the Turkish Merchant Marine Fleet, crude oil between Kharg Island- Iran and Ain Sukhna-Egypt is carried with foreign VLCCs. Although total of 3.4 million tons of crude oil is anticipated to be imported from Kirkuk in TUPRAS 2005 budget and even though an agreement has been concluded with the Iraq s national oil company SOMO, no crude oil has been imported from Iraq to date due to the current situation in Iraq. The Kirkuk-Yumurtalik Türk tanker tafl mac l nda milyon ton/y l l k ham petrol ithalat çok ciddi bir pay içeriyor. Di er tafl nan yüklerin; kabotaj petrol ürünü tafl malar ve yurt d fl ba lant l kimyasallar olarak s n rl miktarlarda oldu u görülüyor. The annual million ton/year crude oil imports have a considerable share in Turkish tanker transportation. Other cargoes transported, e.g. coastal petroleum product and chemicals transports, are of limited quantities. MARINE & COMMERCE OCTOBER

6 r n Karadeniz kaynakl oldu u ve a rl kl olarak CFR baz nda sat fl n yap ld bilinen di er bir husus. TÜPRAfi' n 2002, 2003 ve 2004 y llar nda Bakanlar Kurulu Karar ile ald 5 milyon ton/y l l k CFR ithalat yetkilerine istinaden yapm fl oldu u CFR bazl ithalat miktarlar asa da belirtilmifltir. Ditafl 2004 y l nda 36 adet Aframax tanker ile 2.8 milyon ton/y l, 8 adet Suezmax tanker ile 1.1 milyon ton/y l ve 17 adet VLCC tipi tanker ile 5.5 milyon ton/y l olmak üzere toplam 9.4 milyon ton/y l hampetrolü FOB bazda yabanc tankerler ile tafl tmak mecburiyetinde kalm fl. Ditafl 80,000 DWT Aframax tipi gemi al m için TÜPRAfi kanal ile giriflimde bulunmufl. Kerkük-Yumurtal k boru hatt n n düzenli ve yeterli kapasitede çal flmamas nedeniyle K r kkale Rafinerisinin ihtiyac hampetroller BOTAfi Ceyhan' n k s tl tahliye imkanlar nedeniyle maksimum 80,000 ton'luk kargolar ile yap l yor. Libya ve Suriye gibi ham petrol ihraç eden ülkelerin 20 yafl s n r olmas, Türk Deniz Filosu nda bu özellikte gemi bulunmamas ve son iki y l içinde zaman esasl 80,000 ton'luk Aframax ihalelere Türk bayrakl teklif al namamas nedeniyle bu tip bir geminin acilen sat n al nmas gerekiyor. D TAfi zaman esasl kiras na ald Türk bayrakl "Kapodakya" VLCC tipi tanker ile 2002 y l nda K.Island/Iran - A.Sukhna/M s r aras nda 4 Milyon ton hampetrol tas tm fl. Ancak, 2003 y l ortas nda kira müddeti biten söz konusu tankerin yerine ikame için ç k lan 3 ihalede de Türk bayrakl teklif al namam fl. Türk Deniz Filosu nda bu özellikte gemi kalmamas nedeniyle pipeline is currently inoperative. On the other hand, the first crude oil is expected to be pumped through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, which is planned to be put into service in October 2005, in January However, TUPRAS has not concluded a contract for purchasing crude oil to date. CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION AND IMPORTS Turkey s annual crude oil need is around 25 to 28 million tons. Approximately 2,5-3 million tons of this total amount is from domestic oil reserves. The remaining million tons of crude oil is imported from the OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries) member countries. The major members of this organisation are Iran, Iraq, Libya, and Russian Federation. Turkey imports an average of 5,5-6 million tons of crude oil from Iran annually. Crude oil imported from Kharg island in the Persian Gulf is transported to Egypt on VLCCs and to Port of Sidi Kerir through the SUMED pipeline. Crude oil is also transported from the Port of Sidi Kerir to TUPRAS refineries with Suezmax tankers. Turkish flagged tankers put into service by Deniz Isletmecilik ve Tankercilik A.S. (DITAS), Gungen Shipping and Besiktas Shipping after 2000 are used for that purpose. The Kirkuk-Yumurtalik pipeline cannot provide continual and efficient crude oil flow due to political chaos in the region. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline is planned to be put into service in October Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO), which is in the project consortium, will receive oil as project share with the exportation of the Azerbaijani oil via Ceyhan. However, there is no 054

7 K.Island/Iran -A.Sukhna/M s r aras ndaki VLCC tafl malar nda yabanc tankerler ile tafl ma yap lmas mecburiyetinde kal n yor. TÜPRAfi n 2005 y l bütçesinde 3.4 Milyon ton Kerkük hampetrolü al m öngörülmesine ve Irak Milli Petrol fiirketi SOMO ile anlaflma yap lmas na karfl n Irak'taki mevcut durum nedeniyle bugüne kadar Irak'tan hampetrol ithalat yap lamam fl. Kerkük- Yumurtal k hampetrol hatt halen çal flmamaktad r. Di er taraftan Ekim 2005 tarihinde devreye girmesi planlanan Bakü-Tiflis-Ceyhan Boru hatt ndan ilk yüklemenin Ocak 2006 tarihinde yap lmas bekleniyor. Ancak TÜPRAfi'ca herhangi bir hampetrol al m ba lant s yap lmam fl. HAM PETROL ÜRET M VE THALATI Türkiye nin y ll k ham petrol ihtiyac Milyon ton aras nda. Ham petrol ihtiyac n n ortalama Milyon tonu Türk rezervlerinden ç kar l yor. Geriye kalan Milyon tonluk ham petrol ihtiyac yurtd fl ba lant l tafl malar ile ço u Uluslararas Petrol Üreticileri Birli ine(opec) ba l ülkelerden ithal edilmektedir. Bu ülkelerin bafl nda ran, Irak, Libya ve Rusya Federasyonu geliyor. Türkiye ran dan y ll k ortalama Milyon ton ham petrol ithal ediyor. Basra körfezinde yer alan Kharg adas ndan ithal edilen ham petrol, VLCC tipi gemilerle M s r, SUMED boru hatt ile S dd kerir liman na tafl n yor. Suezmax tipi tankerlerle S dd kerir liman ndan TÜPRAfi rafinerilerine tafl malar mevcut. Bu amaçla 2000 y l sonras Deniz flletmecilik ve Tankercilik A.fi.(D TAfi), Güngen Denizcilik ve Befliktafl Denizcilik in hizmete koyduklar Türk bayrakl gemilerle tafl malar yap labiliyor. Kerkük-Yumurtal k ham petrol boru hatt bölgenin siyasi karmafl kl klar sebebi ile sürekli ve etkin petrol ak fl n sa layam yor. Bakü-Tiflis-Ceyhan boru hatt n n Ekim 2005 tarihinde faaliyete geçmesi planlan yor. Azeri petrollerinin Ceyhan üzerinden ihracat ile birlikte, proje konsorsiyumu içinde yer alan TPAO nun proje pay olarak petrol al m gerçekleflecek. Ancak bu petrollerin Türk rafinerilerine transferi ile ilgili bir aç klama yap lmam flt r. TPAO nun BTC projesi çerçevesinde gerçeklesen ham petrol arz - information as to the transfer of this oil to Turkish refineries. It is expected that, depending on TPAO s crude oil supply within the framework of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline project, there will be a relief in oil imports and transportation of oil by sea will probably decline. In case the Kirkuk-Yumurtalik pipeline commences operating again, it is probable that oil transports with Black Sea connection would also decline. It is observed that imports from some sources such as Syria have decreased and that spot crude oil is purchased on FOB basis from the Russian Federation. Subject to the permission obtained between 2001 and 2004, TUPRAS purchased oil from the international market, on condition that the total amount purchased that way would not exceed 5 million tons per year. Crude oil imports fell down to 20 million tons in 2001 as a result of the US-led military intervention in Iraq and then of the restriction of transfer of crude oil through the Kirkuk- Yumurtalik pipeline, and then increased to 22 million tons in 2002, following the regional relief. When the products obtained from crude oil are considered, petroleum products manufactured at Turkish refineries do not meet the needs of Turkey, and therefore the country imports from abroad. The most important product imported is the LPG. LIQUID CARGO IMPORT FIGURES OF TURKISH PORTS When we examine the imports to Turkish ports, we see that crude oil is the major import product. Crude oil is mostly transported to Izmit TUPRAS and Aliaga TUPRAS refineries. Furthermore, fuel oil is imported to make up the deficiency in petroleum products. In liquid chemical transportation, Izmit and Aliaga plants import chemicals needed by industrial establishments. The Methyl Ethyl Glycol (MEG) transportations that draw attention at the Iskenderun port consist of monthly 1000 mts MEG from the Temruyuk port to Iskenderun port, as well as the partial ones 056

8 na ba l olarak, petrol ithalat nda bir rahatlaman n ortaya ç kaca, deniz yolu ile tafl malar n n azalaca tahmin ediliyor. Kerkük-Yumurtal k boru hatt n n tekrar faaliyete geçmesi halinde Karadeniz ba lant l deniz tafl malar n n düflmesi muhtemel. Suriye gibi baz kaynaklardan yap lan ithalat n azald ve Rusya Federasyonundan, FOB bazl spot ham petrol al m yap ld görülüyor. TÜPRAfi y llar aras nda alm fl olduklar izne tabi olarak, her y l 5 milyon tonu aflmamak kayd ile Uluslararas piyasadan serbest al m yapm fl. ABD nin Irak müdahalesi ve ard ndan Kerkük-Yumurtal k boru hatt n n k s tlanmas ile 2001 y l nda 20 milyon ton civar nda olan ham petrol ithalat, bölgesel rahatlama ile 2002 senesinde 22 milyon ton civar na ç km fl. Ham petrolden elde edilen ürün maddeleri dikkate al nd nda, Türk rafinerilerinde üretilen petrol ürünlerinin Türkiye ihtiyac n karfl lamad ve ithal ürün al m yap ld görülüyor. Ürün al m LPG a rl kl yap l yor. TÜRK L MANLARI SIVI THALAT RAKAMLARI Türk limanlar na yap lan ithalat incelendi inde, ham petrol a rl kl ürün yelpazesi görülüyor. zmit TÜPRAfi ve Alia a TÜPRAfi rafinerilerine ham petrol tafl malar yap l yor. Ayr ca petrol ürünü aç n n kapat lmas na yönelik olarak, akaryak t ithalat mevcut. S v kimyasal madde tafl mac l nda, zmit ve Alia a a rl kl olarak çeflitli sanayi kurulufllar n n ihtiyac olan kimyasal maddeler ithal ediliyor. skenderun liman nda dikkati çeken Metil Etil Glikol (MEG) tafl malar ise; ayl k olarak Temruyuk liman ndan 1000 mts olarak skenderun liman na yap lan boflaltmalar ile Köstence ve Burgas limanlar ndan SASA ya (ADVANSA) fabrikalar na gelen parsiyeller. SASA n n Alia a/petkim ile yapm fl oldu u kontratlar Paraxylene ve MEG al mlar n içeriyor. Miktarlar ortalama ayl k 2500 mt MEG ve 3000 mt Paraxylene. DE ERLEND RME Rapor içerisinde dökme s v yük ithalat ve ihracat rakamlar n n incelendi i k s mlar göz önüne al nd nda, Türk limanlar nda sürdürülen s v yükleme-boflaltma operasyonlar ham petrol a rl kl yap l yor. Türk tanker tafl mac l nda Milyon ton/y l l k ham petrol ithalat çok ciddi bir pay içeriyor. Di er tafl nan yüklerin; kabotaj petrol ürünü tafl malar ve yurt d fl ba lant l kimyasallar olarak s n rl miktarlarda oldu u görülüyor. Ham petrol tafl malar yo unlukla Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortakl na ba l petrol iflleme rafinerilerine yap l yor. TÜPRAfi taraf ndan iflletilen rafineriler flunlar; zmit körfezi, Tütünçiftlik TÜPRAfi rafinerisi, Alia a, zmir TÜPRAfi rafinerisi, K r kkale, TÜPRAfi rafinerisi, Batman, TÜPRAfi rafinerisi TÜPRAfi HAM PETROL THALATI (x1000 Ton) CRUDE OIL IMPORTS Ülkeler // Countries ran // Iran 4.218, , , ,20 Libya 4.566, , , ,70 S.Arabistan // Saudi Arabia 3.533, , , ,00 Di er Anlaflmalar // Others 4.322, , , ,30 Suriye // Syria 1.036, ,50 700,2 400,7 TPIC 2.532, ,70 567,5 0 Irak (boru) // Iraq (pipe) ,80 890, ,30 Rusya fed. // Russia 0 84, , ,40 Cezayir // Algeria (gas) 0 268,9 239,8 398,6 Toplam // Total , , , ,20 from the Constantza and Burgas ports to SASA (ADVANSA) plants. Contracts concluded between SASA and Aliaga/Petkim consist of Paraxylene and MEG purchases. Monthly average quantities are 2500mts MEG and 3000 mt Paraxylene. CONCLUSION When the sections of the report, in which bulk liquid cargo import and export figures are examined, taken into consideration, it is seen that the liquid loading/discharging operations carried out at Turkish ports mainly consist of crude oil. The annual million ton/year crude oil imports have a considerable share in Turkish tanker transportation. Other cargoes transported, e.g. coastal petroleum product and chemicals transports, are of limited quantities. Crude oil transports are mainly made to the oil processing refineries owned by the Turkish Petroleum Corporation. Refineries operated by TUPRAS are as follows: Tutunciftlik TUPRAS refinery, Gulf of Izmit; Izmir TUPRAS refinery, Aliaga; Kirikkale TUPRAS refinery; and Batman TUPRAS refinery. PETROL ÜRÜNÜ DIfiALIMI PETROLEUM PRODUCT IMPORTS Ürünler (x1000 ton) LPG 2.355, , ,80 893,7 Solvent Kurflunsuz benzin // Gasoline 127, Motorin // Diesel 446,6 26,3 27,2 58,7 Fuel oil (% 1.0) Fuel oil (% 3.5) 119,4 440,1 177,3 4,5 Hvgo Maden ya // Oil 0 8, ,6 Toplam // Total 3.071, , ,30 970,5 MARINE & COMMERCE OCTOBER

9 TÜRK YE GENEL HAM PETROL TEM N VE fileme DURUMU CRUDE OIL SUPPLY AND PROCESSING IN TURKEY IN GENERAL * Yerli Ham Petrol Üretimi // Domestic Crude Oil Production Ham Petrol thalat // Crude Oil Imports Rafinerilerde fllenen Ham Petrol // Crude Oil Processed at Refineries Yerli // Domestic thal // Imported TOPLAM // TOTAL Rafinerilerde Elde Edilen Ürün // Products Obtained in Refineries Petrol Ürünleri Sivil Tüketimi // Civilian Consumption of Petroleum Products Akaryak t Sirketleri Sat fllar // Sales of Fuel Oil Companies Petrol Ürünleri thalat // Petroleum Product Imports Petrol Ürünleri hracat // Petroleum Product Exports Petrol Gideri (US Milyar Dolar) // Oil Expenses (US$ Billion) 2,6 3,6 6,5 4,9 5,1 6,0 7,8 * 2004 Y l Ocak - Kas m degerleridir. // * Values as of January-November TÜPRAfi rafinerilerine yap lmakta olan ham petrol tafl malar ran ba lant l olarak M s r, Libya, Cezayir, Suudi Arabistan, Suriye ve Rusya üzerinden büyük çapta yap l yor. ran petrolü, Basra körfezi Kharg Adas ndan M s r n Ain Sukhn liman na yap l - yor; buradan ise SUMED boru hatt ile M s r n S dd kerir liman - na aktar lan petrol, Suezmax tipi tankerlerle rafinerilere tafl n - yor. TÜPRAfi tafl malar n n büyük bir k sm n içeren bu hatta, ran-m s r tafl malar n yapmak üzere Türk bayra alt nda VLCC tipi (200,000 DWT ve üzeri tonaj) gemi bulunmuyor. Rusya Federasyonu limanlar ndan yap lan ham petrol tafl malar ise 80,000-90,000 tonluk parseller ile yap l yor ve bu tafl malar halen yabanc armatörler taraf ndan 80,000 DWT luk Aframax tankerler ile idame ediliyor. Türk tanker filosu 70,000-90,000 DWT aral nda, bu büyüklükte bir tanker içermiyor. Bu tafl malar halen TÜPRAfi taraf ndan her y l al nmakta olunan izinler dahilinde CFR bazda yap l yor, tafl ma maliyetleri sat c firmaya fatura ediliyor. Boru hatlar n n son durumu dikkate al nd nda, ham petrol tafl - malar n n mevcut konfigirasyonunu devam ettirmesi bekleniyor. Bakü-Tiflis-Ceyhan boru hatt nda hedeflenen 50 Milyon ton/y l kapasiteye karfl olarak, Azeri petrol rezervlerinin fazla olmad ayr ca Kazak petrollerinin kalitesinde yaflanan problemler, deniz afl - r ülkelerden yap lan ithalat n devam edece i yönündeki beklentileri güçlendiriyor. Bu durumda Türk bayrakl gemilerin bu hatlarda arz beklentisi sürüyor, ancak Türk armatörü taraf ndan yap lan yat r mlar ihtiyaç duyulan tonajlara yönelmiyor. Türk tanker filosu adet ve tonaj olarak oldukça düflük seviyelerde kalm fl. Türk armatörleri ço unlu u kolay bayrak ülkeleri olmak üzere yabanc bayrak alt nda tanker iflletiyor. Türk tanker filosunun geliflmesi ve tonaj n art fl için yap labilecekler konusunda ikinci bir araflt rma çal flmas na ihtiyaç duyulacak. & Crude oil transportations to TUPRAS refineries are mainly through Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Russia with Iran connection. The Iranian oil is transported from Kharg Island in the Persian Gulf to the Ain Sukhn port in Egypt. From there, the oil is transferred to the Port of Sidi Kerir through the SUMED pipeline. Then it is transported to refineries with Suezmax tankers. This line contains a large portion of TUPRAS transports, but there are no Turkish flagged VLCCs ( dwt and above) to carry out oil transportation between Iran and Egypt. Crude oil imports from the ports of the Russian Federation are in lots of tons and are currently transported by foreign shipowners using dwt Aframax tankers. There are no tankers in the size range of dwt in the Turkish Fleet. These transportations are on CFR basis under the permissions obtained by TUPRAS every year, and the freight costs are invoiced to the supplier. When we look at the current situation of the pipelines, the crude oil transports are expected to maintain their current configuration. Even though a capacity of 50 million tons/year is targeted at Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, imports from overseas companies are expected to continue due to rather small oil reserves in Azerbaijan and because of the problems experienced in the quality of the Kazakh oil. Therefore, the Turkish flagged vessels expectations relating to these lines still continue, but investments made by the Turkish shipowners are not in the required tonnage ranges. Turkish tanker fleet has remained on rather low levels in terms of number of vessels and tonnage. Most of the Turkish shipowners operate tankers under foreign flags, particularly under the flags of convenience. A second study will be needed to determine what could be done for development of the Turkish tanker fleet and for increasing the tonnage of the fleet. & Yazar n Denizcilik Müsteflarl taraf ndan yay nlanan ayn adl raporundan yararlan larak haz rlanm flt r. 058