Floristic Investigation of Areas Between Kapıçam Forests and Ayvalı Dam (Kahramanmaraş)

Floristic Investigation of Areas Between Kapıçam Forests and Ayvalı Dam (Kahramanmaraş) Cihangir UYGUN, Ahmet İLÇİM University of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Kahramanmaraş / Turkey ABSTRACT This investigation was carried out on the flora of areas between Ayvalı Dam and Kapıçam Forests between years 2001 and 2004. The research area is located in the Kahramanmaras province and on the C6 square by grid system. Altitude interval is between 432 m and 1032 m. The highest point of area is Imam Hill backwards at Elmalar. The lowest point is Karaçay by altitude of 432 m. In the area, 443 taxa found which are in 72 families and 258 genera. 12 of these taxa are new record for the C6 square. 45 of these taxa are endemic and rate of endemism is %9.13 (Cultivated plants are not contained). The distribution of taxa by the fitogeographic regions is as follows; 18.04% is Mediterranean element, 16.09% is Irano Turanien element, 4.53% is Europea Siberia element. The families which have the most taxa in research area are as follows : Fabaceae (67 spp.), Asteraceae (57spp.), Poaceae (29 spp.), Lamiaceae (23 spp.). Containing the number of species the major genera in this area are as follows: Vicia (13 spp.), Trifolium (11 spp.), Lathyrus (9 spp.), Salvia (8 spp.). Keywords: Flora, Turkey, Kapıçam Forests, Ayvalı Dam, Kahramanmaraş Kapıçam Ormanları ve Ayvalı Barajı (Kahramanmaraş) Arasındaki Alanların Floristik Yönden İncelenmesi ÖZET Bu araştırma 2001 2004 yılları arasında Ayvalı Barajı Kapıçam Ormanları (Kahramanmaraş) arasında kalan alanların florasını tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma alanı Kahramanmaraş il sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır ve grid sistemine göre C6 karesi içinde yer alır. Araştırma alanında yükselti 432 m ile 1032 metre arasında değişmektedir. En yüksek nokta 1032 m ile Elmalar sırtında bulunan İmamın Tepesi, en dip nokta ise 432 m ile Karaçay havzasıdır. Araştırma alanında 72 familya ve 258 cinse ait 443 takson tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan 12 tanesi C6 karesi için yeni kayıttır. Araştırma sırasında teşhis edilen taksonlardan 45 tanesi endemik olup, endemizm oranı %9,13 tür (Kültür bitkileri dahil edilmemiştir). Bitkilerin fitocoğrafik bölgelere dağılımı ise şöyledir: Akdeniz elementleri %18.04, İran Turan elementleri 16.09, Avrupa-Sibirya elementleri ise %4.53. Araştırma alanında en çok taksona sahip familyalar; Fabaceae (67 tür), Asteraceae (57 tür), Poaceae (29 tür) şeklindedir. En fazla tür içeren cinsler ise; Vicia (13 tür), Trifolium (11 tür), Lathyrus (9 tür), Salvia (8 tür) şeklindedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Flora, Türkiye, Kapıçam Ormanları, Ayvalı Barajı, Kahramanmaraş Introduction The study area is located between Kapıçam Forests and Ayvalı Dam Construction area and C6 square on the grid system. The area has a special geographical and phytogeographical importance. Because it is located between the East Mediterranean Geographical Region and 1

South-East Geographical Region. Also located on the cross point of the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanien phytogeographical regions. This specifications make the area important for floristic studies. The area is twelwe kilometers far from province of Kahramanmaras and in South-east of it. It starts from National Road of Kahramanmaras-Gaziantep and spreads to Ayvalı Dam Construction area towards east (Figure 1). Major soil form is Brown Forest Soil espacially in Kapıçam Forest. Other forms are aluvial soils, coluvial soils, red-brown mediterranean soils by informations of Directorate of Forestery. Figure 1. Location map of study area. Climate conditions of area show a variation between mediterranean type and terrestrial type. Major precipitation type is rain. Precipitation is most in winter especially with rain form (Figure 2.). The most rainy month is January. The most temperatured month is August (Informations and values have taken from Meteorology Directorate). Precipitatation (mm) Temperature ( C) Winter %53 KAHRAMANMARAŞ Spring %28 Summer %1 J F M A My Jn Jl A S O N D (a) (b) Autumn %18 Figure 2. a- Precipitation values by months, b-precipitation values by seasons 2

2. Material Metot The materials of study are plant samples which are collected between years 2001-2004. Samples collected at vegetative session with flowers and fruits. Samples are prefered which have both of flower and fruit. At the research area, 13 collecting center has designated (Table.1) and the name of areas abbrevated in floristic list as their number. In table some altitude values are higher than the values which introduced in indroduction. Because locaties which have higher altitude are not in study area but also named same name with collection centers. For example in table it is written as Ayvalı Dam Construction Area by altitude interval 700 1350 m. but eastern and northern sides of construction area is not contained in study area. Also Elmalar village s environ. Table 1. Collection centres Number Collection center name Altitude interval 1 Kapıçam (Areas between forest enterance and Botanical Garden) 500 750 2 Kapıçam -2 (Areas between Botanical garden and First conservation area) 600 850 3 Kapıçam -3 (Areas between First conservation area and Dedeömer Village) 650 1000 In forest area :650 850 m. Out forest area : 850 1000 m. 4 Kapıçam -4 (Areas between Easter line of forest and (9) Village) 500 1150 5 Çokyaşar Village 500 800 Northern part : 500 600 m. Southern part : 600 800 m. 6 Dedeömer Village 600 900 Northern part : 600 750 m. Southern part : 650 900 m. 7 Çokyaşar Kaymakam Obası Village 700 850 8 Elbistanlı Village 500 600 9 Elmalar Village 700 1100 Entrance and city area : 700 800 m. Dam side : 750 850 m. Kahramanmaraş side (Nort West) : 800 1000 m. Southern Side : 900 1100 m. 10 Environ of Ayvalı Dam vehicle park 700 1200 Vehicle park 700 800 m. Dam canals area : 800 1000 m. Out of study area : 1000 1200 m. 11 Ayvalı Dam Construction Area 750 1350 Body area : 750 850 m. Northern side : 1100 1350 m (out of study area) 12 Areas Between Karaçay Stream - Güzelyurt Village 500 700 13 Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ. Karacasu Campus 550 750 Collected samples are dried first by using special drying pasteboards. After drying, samples have grouped by families and genera. Also samples described into species. During description, P.H.Davis s Flora of Turkey publication is used and description made by this reference. In nomenclature, only the available names have used, sinonyms are not taken in the consideration. The collected samples are kept at KSUH (Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Herbarium). 3

At floristic list, taxa have sorted by the filogenetic order which have used in P.H.Davis s Flora of Turkey reference. Localities, collection date, collection altitude and collector stamp have written after taxa names. If taxa have special spread such as endemism, have written before collector stamp. If taxa is new for grid square of study area, this indicated after collector stamp by word of (New for C6). Cultivated plants are informed with a stand list after floristic list (as Appendix B). When informing the cultivated plants; collection date, altitude value and other details are not written. 3. Result and Discussion By the results of study 443 taxa has described from area which are in 72 families and 258 genera. 45 of these are endemic for area and 12 of them are new record for C6 square. Endemism rate is 9.13%. The distribution of taxa by the fitogeographic regions is as follows; 18.04% is Mediterranean element, 16.09% is Irano Turanien element, 4.53% is Europea Siberia element (Table 2). Table 2. Distrubition by phytogeographical Regions. Phytogeographical Regions Number of Taxa Rate (%) Mediterranean 80 18.04 Irano-Turanien 71 16.09 Europea - Siberia 20 4.53 The families which have the most taxa in research area are as follows (Table.3): Fabaceae 67 spp., Asteraceae 57spp., Poaceae 29 spp., Lamiaceae 23 spp. Table 3. Families which have most taxa in the research area Name of Family Number of Genera / Species Rate by Genera (%) Asteraceae 36 / 57 13.95 Fabaceae 25 / 67 9.69 Poaceae 18 / 29 6.98 Brassicaceae 15 / 19 5.81 Rosaceae 14 / 19 5.43 Lamiaceae 11 / 23 4.26 Ranunculaceae 9 / 22 3.88 Containing the number of species the major genera in this area are as follows (Table 4): Vicia (13 spp.), Trifolium (11 spp.), Lathyrus (9 spp.) and Salvia (8 spp.). Table 4. Major genera of area Name of Genera Number of Species Rate (%) Vicia 13 2.95 Trifolium 11 2.72 Lathyrus 9 2.04 Salvia 8 1.81 Centaurea 7 1.59 Ranunculus 7 1.59 Euphorbia 7 1.59 Verbascum 5 1.13 Astragalus 5 1.13 4

In comparison with the environmental flora; the floristic characters of study area according to environ. Number of total taxa is related to floras of near locations (Table 5). Most relative study by the value of total families is Yukarı Ceyhan Valley (KARA, 1995). Study area have more family variation than near studies. This may be a result of location. Despite of these conditions, some characters are different from environ such as number of families and total number of taxa. Because climate and soil types are show some differantiation. The major differantiation is climate. Environ has a dominant Mediterranean climate, but study area has a transition climate because of its location. In Kapıçam Forests; soil is corrupted by a result of public usage. Also soils which are near the villages are strongly deformed and denaturalised by wastes. These conditions have effected the flora. Table 5. Discussing of total number of taxa Research Name Number of Families Number of Genera Kapıçam Forests (2004) 72 258 443 İmalı Deresi (ÇENET, 1998) 63 263 491 Yukarı Ceyhan Vadisi (KARA, 1995) 68 262 412 Başkonuş Dağı (VAROL, 2003) 67 268 520 Number of Species According to geographical location of study area, dominant phytogeographic region rates are different from nearly studies. For example in İmalı Deresi study (ÇENET, 1998); dominant region is mediterranean and rate is 27.40 %, this study have made on entirely Mediterranean Geographical Region of Turkey. But our study area is located on a crossing region and rate is lower than the other studies (Table 6). Table 6. Discussing of Dominant Phytogeographical Regions Research Name Dominant Rate (%) Phytogeographical Regions Kapıçam Forest (2004) Mediterranean 18.04 İmalı Deresi (ÇENET, 1998) Mediterranean 27.40 Yukarı Ceyhan Vadisi (KARA, 1995) Mediterranean 23.50 Başkonuş Dağı (VAROL, 2003) Mediterranean 27.46 Endemism rate is most relative with İmalı Deresi study (ÇENET, 1998). Because of locations have close conditions except geographical locations and some climate conditions such as wind. Table 7. Discussing of Endemism Research Name Number of endemic Taxa Rate (%) Kapıçam Forest (2004) 45 9.13 İmalı Deresi (ÇENET, 1998) 49 9.98 Yukarı Ceyhan Vadisi (KARA, 1995) 28 6.70 Başkonuş Dağı (VAROL, 2003) 55 10.42 By the result of study, it can be say that the areas under public usage have a limited floristic variation and their flora is effected. Also in under construction areas, plant variation shows a decreased case. It is important that this study area must inspect again after Ayvalı Dam construction finished. This way shows us that How can artificial conditions effect the naturel plant distribution?. REFERENCES 5

AKMAN, Y., 1990. İklim ve Biyoiklim, Palme Yayınları, Ankara. ÇENET, M., 2006. İmalı Deresi ve Çevresindeki Tepelerin Florası (Türkoğlu- Kahramanmaraş), KSÜ. Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 9(1), Kahramanmaraş. DAVIS, P.H., 1965-1985. Flora Of Turkey And The East Aegean Islands, Vol. 1-9, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. DAVIS, P.H., Mill R.R. & TAN, K., 1988. Flora Of Turkey And The East Aegean Islands (Supplement), Vol. 10, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. GÜNER, A., ÖZHATAY, N., EKİM T. & BAŞER, K.H.C. (eds.) 2000. Flora Of Turkey And The East Aegean Islands (Supplement), Vol. 11, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. DUMAN, H., AYTAÇ, Z., 1994. Ahir, Berit, Binboğa ve Öksüz Dağlarının Yüksek Dağ Stebi Flora ve Vejetasyonu (Kahramanmaraş-Kayseri), TUBİTAK, TBAG-940, Ankara. DUMAN, H., VURAL, M., New Floristic Records For C6 Square, Doğa Türk Botanik Dergisi, Ankara, 15(2): 201-213. DUMAN, H., 1985. Engizek Dağı (Kahramanmaraş) Vejetasyonu. Ankara, Turkish Journal of Botany 19:2, 179-212s. DÜZENLİ, A., 1976. Hasan Dağının Bitki Ekolojisi ve Bitki Sosylojisinin İncelenmesi, Orman Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22 (2): 7-53 GÜRBÜZ, M., KORKMAZ, H., GÜNDOĞAN, R., DIĞRAK, M., 2003. Gavur Gölü Bataklığının Coğrafi Özellikleri ve Rehabilitasyon Planı, İl Çevre Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Kahramanmaraş. KARA, C., 1995, Yukarı Ceyhan Vadisi Florası (Kahramanmaraş), Dumlupınar Üniv., Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kütahya. VAROL, Ö, 2003, Flora of Başkonuş Mountain (Kahramanmaraş), Turkish Journal of Botany, 27:117-139 YILDIZ, B., 2001, Flora of Berit Mountain (Kahramanmaraş), Turkish Journal of Botany, 25: 63-102 YILDIZ, B., 1984, C6 Karesi İçin Yeni Floristik Kayıtlar, C.Ü. Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Sivas, 2:43-52 Appendix A Flora of the Study Area 1. EQUISETACEAE 2. PINACEAE 1. Equisetum hyemale L., (12), 23/05/2002, 600 m., Uygun 92. 2. E. arvense L., (12), 23/05/2002, 600 m., Uygun 93. 1. Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe, (1), 10/07/2003,500 m., Uygun 96. 2. P. brutia Ten., (1), 10/07/2003, 500 m., Medit. element, Uygun 94. 3. P. pinea L., (1), 10/07/2003, 500 m., Medit. element, Uygun 95. 3. CUPRESSACEAE 1. Cupressus sempervirens L., (1), 10/07/2003,500 m.,medit. element,uygun 97. 2. Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus L., (1), 10/07/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 98. 6

3. J. excelsa Bieb., (1), 10/07/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 99. 4. RANUNCULACAE 1. Helleborus vesicarius Aucher., (11), 16/05/2004, 700-900 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 100. 2. Nigella orientalis L., (11), 16/05/2004, 700 m., Uygun 101. 3. N.unguicularis (Lam.) Spenner., (12), 12/05/2003, 550 m., Uygun 13. 4. Delphinium peregrinum L., (12), 14/04/2003, 550 m., Medit. element, Uygun 5. 5. D. cinereum Boiss., (7), 14/04/2003, 550 m., endemic, Uygun 15. 6. Consolida orientalis (J. GAY) SCHRTDINGER, (9), 10/07/2003, 650 m., widespread, Uygun 112. 7. C. sulphurea (Boiss.&Hausskn.) P.H.Davis, (3), 16/07/2003, 600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 91. 8. Anemone blanda Schott&Kotschy, (12), 14/04/2003, 550 m., Uygun 4. 9. A. coronaria L., (6), 14/04/2003, 600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 8. 10. Adonis aleppica Boiss., (12), 14/04/2003, 550 m., Ir Tur element, Uygun 14. 11. A. annua L., (11), 16/05/2004, 700 m., Medit. element, Uygun 102. 12. A. microcarpa DC., (13), 06/04/2001, 500 m., Medit. element, Uygun 113. 13. A. aestivalis L. subsp. aestivalis, (12), 30/04/2003, 550 m.,widespread, Uygun 10. 14. Ranunculus sericeus Banks & Sol., (11), 26/04/2003, 800 m, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 12. 15. R. paludosus Poiret, (12), 31/03/2003, 550 m., Uygun 23. 16. R. millefolius subsp. millefolius P.H.Davis, (12), 30/04/2003, 500 m., Uygun 7. 17. R. scandicinus (Boiss.) P.H.Davis, (12), 14/04/2003, 550 m., Medit. element, Uygun 3. 18. R. arvensis L., (12), 500, 26/04/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 11. 19. R. pinardi Boiss., (7), 14/06/2003, 600-700 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 54. 20. R. ficaria L. subsp. ficariiformis Ravy&Fauc., (6), 14/04/2003, 600, Uygun 9. 21. Ceratocephalus falcatus (L.) Pers., (1), 14/04/2003, 500 m., Uygun 6. 22. Thalictrum flavum L., (9), 10/07/2003, 650 m., Uygun 111. 5. NYMPHACEAE 1. Nuphar lutea Sibth. & Sm., (4), 10/07/2003, 500 m., Uygun 103. 6. PAPAVERACEAE 1. Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC. subsp. hybrida, (1), 19/05/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 33. 2. Papaver fugax Poiret var. fugax, (13), 06/04/2001, 500-600 m., Uygun 337. 3. P. macrostomum Boiss.&Hausskn. ex Boiss., (1), 19/05/2003, 500 m., Ir.-Tur. elementi, Uygun 32. 4. P. rhoeas L., (1), 19/05/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 35. 5. P. lacerum Popov., (1), 19/05/2003, 500 m., Uygun - 34 (New for C6). 6. P. clavatum Boiss. & Huet., (4), 16/05/2004, 600-700 m., endemic, Uygun 280. 7

7. Hypecoum imberbe Sibth&Sm., (7), 31/03/2003,650 m.,widespread, Uygun 17. 8. H. pendulum L., (7), 31/03/2003, 650 m., widespread, Uygun 18. 9. Fumaria parviflora Lam., (7), 12/05/2003, 600 m, Uygun 16. 10. F. asepala Boiss., (9), 16/05/2004, 600-700 m., Uygun 279. 7. BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE) 1. Sinapis arvensis L., (1), 26/06/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 38. 2. Raphanus raphanistrum L., (7), 31/03/2003, 650 m., Uygun 40. 3. Crambe orientalis L. var. orientalis, (3), 10/07/2003,550 m., widespread, Uygun 106. 4. Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. subsp. draba, (12), 12/05/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 39. 5. Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. subsp. glauca, (4), 16/05/2004, 600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 107. 6. Iberis sempervirens L., (11), 16/05/2004, 650 m., Medit. elementi, Uygun 108. 7. Aethionema heterocarpum J.Gay, (1), 10/07/2003, 550 m., Uygun 105. 8. Thlaspi perfoliatum L., (11), 16/05/2004, 600 m., Uygun 115. 9. T. oxyceras (Boiss.) Hedge, (12), 20/05/2002, 600-700 m., Uygun 334. 10. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik, (1), 21/06/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 109. 11. Neslia apiculata Fisch. C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall., (11), 16/05/2004, 650 m., widespread, Uygun 110. 12. Peltaria angustifolia DC., (1), 30/04/2003, 550 m., Uygun 114. 13. Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik., (9), 13/05/2003, 600-800 m., Uygun 269. 14. F. eriocarpa (DC.) Boiss., (9), 13/05/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 265. 15. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L., (13), 30/04/2003,550 m., Uygun 41. 16. A. eriophyllum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.,(1),26/06/2003,550 m., endemic, Uygun 37. 17. A. samariferum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss., (1), 26/06/2003, 600 m., Uygun 42. 18. Nasturtium officinale R. Br., (1), 10/07/2003, 550 m., widespread, Uygun 116. 19. Cardamine hirsuta L., (2), 23/03/2002, 500-600 m., cosmopolit, Uygun 333. 8. CAPPARACEAE 1. Capparis spinosa L. var. spinosa, (6), 12/08/2002, 600-700 m., Uygun 429. 9. RESEDACEAE 10. CISTACEAE 1. Reseda lutea var. lutea, (7), 31/03/2003, 600 m., widespread, Uygun 117. 1. Cistus creticus L., (5), 28/06/2003, 700 m., Medit. elementi, Uygun 19. 2. C. parviflorus Lam., (1), 17/05/2002, 500-600 m., Medit. elementi, Uygun 20. 11. VIOLACEAE 8

1. Viola odarata L., (8), 17/03/2003, 600 m., widespread, Uygun 118. 2. V. occulta Lehm., (9), 19/04/2003, 650 m., Uygun 119. 3. V. modesta Fenzl., (9), 19/04/2003, 650 m., Uygun 120. 12. PORTULACAEAE 1. Portulaca oleracea L., (2), 10/07/2003,500-600 m., Uygun 342. 13. CARYOPHYLLACEAE 1. Arenaria sabulinea Griz. ex Fenzl., (12), 26/06/2003, 500 m., Uygun 52. 2. Minuartia globulosa (Lab.) Schinz&Thell., (4), 16/07/2003, 700-800 m., Medit. element, Uygun 340. 3. Cerastium kotschyi Boiss., (11), 16/05/2004, 700-800 m., Uygun 278. 4. Holosteum umbellatum L. var. umbellatum, (12),26/06/2003,500 m.,uygun 53. 5. H. umbellatum L. var. glutinosum (Bieb) Gay, (12), 26/06/2003, 500 m., Uygun 51. 6. Dianthus floribundus L., (3), 16/07/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 339. 7. D. calocephalus Boiss., (5), 28/06/2003, 600 m., Uygun 45. 8. Velezia rigida L., (5), 28/06/2003, 600 m., Uygun 46. 9. Saponaria orientalis L., (12), 14/04/2002, 550 m., Uygun 47. 10. Vaccaria pyramidata Medik. var. grandiflora, (12), 10/07/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 430. 11. Silene colorata Poiret, (12), 14/04/2002, 500 m., Uygun 49. 12. Agrostemma githago L., (12), 12/05/2003, 550 m., Uygun 43. 14. ILLECEBRACEAE 1. Herniaria hirsuta L., (5), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 395. 15. POLYGONACEAE 1. Polygonum amphibium L., (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 352. 2. Rumex scutatus L., (6), 28/06/2003, 700-800 m., Uygun 396. 16. AMARANTHACEAE 1. Amaranthus chlorostachys Willd., (2), 10/07/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 343. 17. TAMARIACEAE 1. Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge, (12), 12/05/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 347. 18. HYPERICACEAE (GUTTIFERAE) 1. Hypericum spectabile Jaub&Spach, (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., endemic, Ir.- Tur. element, Uygun 348. 19. MALVACEAE 9

20. LINACEAE 1. Hibiscus esculentus L., (7), 14/05/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 397. 2. Malva sylvestris L., (12), 26/06/2003, 500 m., Uygun 27. 3. Alcea pallida L., (2), 10/07/2003, 500 m., Uygun 26. 4. A. striata subsp. rufescens, (2), 10/07/2003, 500 m., Uygun 28. 5. Althaea armeniaca Ten., (1), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 398. 6. Gossypium hirsutum L., Villages at environ, 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 399. 1. Linum mucronatum Bertol. subsp. mucronatum, (3), 12/05/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 344. 21. GERANIACEAE 1. Geranium dissectum L., (7), 22/04/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 277. 2. G. stepporum Davis, (12), 26/06/2003, 550 m., Ir.-Tur. element. Uygun 22. 3. Eryngium hoefftianum, (13), 06/04/2001, 550 m., Uygun 44. 4. E. cicutarium (L.) L Herit, (6), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 289. 5. E. moschatum (L.) L Herit, (13), 30/04/2003, 500-600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 287. 22. ACERACEAE 23. VITACEAE 1. Acer platanoides L., (1), 14/04/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 400. 1. Vitis vinifera, Villages at environ, 500-600 m., Uygun 431. 24. ANACARDIACEAE 1. Cotinus coggyria Scop., (4), 10/07/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 346. 2. Rhus coriaria L., (6), 28/06/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 402. 3. Pistacia terebinthus L. subsp. terebinthus, (10), 10/07/2003, 600-700m., Medit. element, Uygun - 403 25. FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE) 1. Genista albida Willd., (8), 26/06/2003, 550 m., Uygun 161. 2. Argyrolobium crotalarioides Jaub.&Spach., (4), 16/07/2003, 650 m., Uygun 136. 3. Robinia pseudoacacia L., (1), 28/06/2003, 500-700 m., widespread, Uygun 183. 4. Colutea silicica Boiss.&Ball., (4), 14/04/2003, 500-700 m., widespread, Uygun 174. 5. Astragalus macrocephalus Willd. subsp. macrocephalus, (8), 14/05/2003, 500-600 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 128. 6. A. macrocephalus Willd. subsp. finitimus, (5), 28/06/2003,750-1000 m., widespread, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 176. 10

7. A. lineatus Lam. var. lineatus, (12), 16/06/2003, 500 m., Uygun 159. 8. A. onobrychis L., (11), 14/05/2002, 800-1000 m., widespread, Uygun 179. 9. A. schizopterus Boiss., (11), 14/05/2002, 800-1000 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 178. 10. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glabra, (2), 10/07/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 182. 11. Psoralea butiminosa L., (11), 16/05/2004, 700-800 m., Uygun 272. 12. P. jaubertiana Fenzl., (12), 22/04/2002, 500-600 m., Euxine element, Uygun 273. 13. Vicia cypria Kotschy ex Unger&Kotschy,, (12), 26/06/2003, 500 m., Uygun 160. 14. V. monantha Retz., (1), 19/04/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 146. 15. V. laxiflora Broth., (4), 14/04/2003, 500-700, Medit. element, Uygun - 170 (New for C6). 16. V. hirsuta (L.) S.F.Gray, (1), 16/05/2004, 550 m., widespread, Uygun 148. 17. V. assyrica Boiss., (2), 30/06/2003, 650 m., widespread, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 145. 18. V. noena Reuter ex Boiss. var. noena, (1), 16/05/2004, 550 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 149. 19. V. sericocarpa Fenzl. var. sericocarpa, (1), 16/05/2004, 550 m., Uygun 150. 20. V. hybrida L., (1), 19/04/2003, 600 m., widespread, Uygun 143. 21. V. barbazitae Ten.&Guss. (1), 16/05/2004, 550 m., widespread, Uygun - 147 (New for C6). 22. V. grandiflora Scop. var. grandiflora, (1), 19/04/2003, 600 m., widespread, Medit. element, Uygun 144. 23. V. sativa L. subsp. sativa, (3), 30/06/2003, 600 m., cosmopolit, Uygun 142. 24. V. narbonensis L. var. narbonensis, (1), 16/05/2004, 550 m., widespread, Uygun 151. 25. Lens orientalis (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz., (12), 14/06/2002, 550 m., widespread, Uygun 152. 26. Lathyrus libani Fritsch., (12), 14/06/2002, 600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 137. 27. L. niger (L.) Bernh., (8), 14/06/2002, 650 m., Euro-Sib. element, Uygun 139. 28. L. elongatus (Bornm.) Sirj., (12), 14/06/2002, 600 m., endemic, Uygun 138. 29. L. inconspicuus L., (13), 30/04/2003,550 m., widespread, Uygun 168. 30. L. annuus L., (13), 06/04/2001, 600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 134. 31. L. cicera L., (9), 29/06/2002, 650 m., widespread, Uygun 141. 32. L. sativus L., (8), 14/06/2002, 650 m., widespread, Uygun 140. 33. L. aphaca L. var. biflorus Post., (13), 06/04/2001, 600 m., widespread, Uygun 131. 34. L. aphaca L. var. modestus, (13), 30/04/2003, 550-650 m., Medit. element, Uygun 167. 35. Trifolium repens L. var. repens, (12), 27/05/2003, 500 m., Uygun 157. 36. T. nigrescens Viv. subsp. petrisavii, (12), 27/05/2003, 500 m., Uygun 156. 37. T. spumosum L., (12), 26/06/2002, 500 m., Medit. element, Uygun 157. 38. T. argutum Sol., (9), 19/04/2003, 650 m., Uygun 135. 39. T. resupinatum L. var. macrocephalum Zoh., (12), 27/05/2003, 500 m., Uygun 155. 40. T. scabrum L., (11), 14/05/2002, 800-100 m., widespread, Uygun 177. 41. T. hirtum All., (13), 06/04/2001, 600 m., widespread, Medit. element, Uygun 129. 42. T. cherleri L., (12), 14/06/2002, 500 m., Medit. element, Uygun 153. 11

26. ROSACEAE 43. T. purpureum Lois. var. purpureum, (1), 10/07/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 132. 44. T. pilulare Boiss., (13), 06/04/2001, 600 m., Uygun 130. 45. T. subterraneum L., (12), 14/06/2002, 500 m., Uygun 154. 46. Mellilotus alba Desr., (2), 10/07/2003, 500-650 m., widespread, Uygun 175. 47. Trigonella monantha C.A.Meyer subsp. monantha, (9), 12/05/2002, 500-600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 164. 48. T. monspeliaca L., (8), 16/05/2004, 800-900 m., Medit. element, Uygun 271. 49. T. spicata Sibth&Sm., (9), 12/05/2002, 500-600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 162. 50. T. foenum-graecum L., (9), 12/05/2002, 500-600 m., Uygun 163. 51. Medicago sativa L. subsp. sativa, (7), 13/08/2003, 500-650 m., widespread, Uygun 184. 52. M. blancheana Boiss. var. blancheana, (9), 19/04/2003, 650 m., Uygun 133. 53. Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. subsp. haussknechtii (Boiss.) Gams., (5), 28/06/2003, 550-900 m., endemic, Uygun 173. 54. Lotus peregrinus L. var. peregrinus, (4), 20/06/2003, 500-700 m., Medit. element, Uygun 165. 55. L. corniculatus L. var. corniculatus, (4), 20/06/2003, 500-700 m., widespread, Uygun 166. 56. Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen&Dörf., (11), 14/05/2002, 800-1000 m., widespread, Uygun 180. 57. Coronilla scorpioides (L.) Koch., (11), 14/05/2002, 800-1000 m., Uygun 181. 58. Scorpiurus muricatus L. var. subvillosus (L.) Fiori, (13), 30/04/2003, 550 m., Medit. element, Uygun 169. 59. Onobrychis gracilis Beser, (2), 16/05/2004, 500-700 m., Uygun 186. 60. O. sulphurea Boiss.&Ball. var. pallida, (4), 14/05/2002, 400-750 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 187. 61. O. armena Boiss.&Huet., (11), 16/05/2004, 800-900 m., endemic, Uygun 270. 62. Ebenus laguroides Boiss. var. laguroides, (6), 28/06/2003, 550-900 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 171. 63. Alhagi pseudoalhagi (Bieb.) Dev., (5), 28/06/2003, 550-900 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 172. 1. A. orientalis Miller, (8), 13/04/2003, 500-600m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun - 359 2. Rubus idaeus L., (8), 16/07/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 360. 3. R. sanctus Schreber, (9), 28/06/2003, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 361. 4. Potentilla calycina Boiss, (4), 12/05/2003, 600-700 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 362. 5. Rosa phoenicia Boiss., (3), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., Medit. element, Uygun 364. 6. R. arvensis Huds., (3), 12/08/2002, 600-700 m., Uygun 366. 7. R. canina L., (8), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 365. 8. Crateagus aronia (L.) Bosch. ex DC. var.aronia, (2), 10/07/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 345. 27. MYRTACEAE 12

1. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., (8), 30/04/2001, 500-600 m., Uygun 371. 28. PUNICACEAE 1. Punica granatum L.,(3),12/08/2002, 500-600 m., Uygun 372. 29. ONAGRACEAE 1. Epilobium hirsutum L., (2), 10/07/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 341. 30. CUCURBITACEAE 1. Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich, (4), 26/06/2003, 800-900 m., Medit. element, Uygun 374. 31. CACTACEAE 1. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller, (5), 28/06/2003, 700-800 m., Uygun 378. 32. CRASSULACEAE 1. Sedum litoreum Guss., (13), 06/04/2001, 500-600 m., Uygun 338. 33. GROSSULARIACEAE 1. Ribes rubrum L., (9), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 379. 34. APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE) 1. Actinolema eryngioides Fenzl., (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Ir.-Tur., Uygun 329. 2. Eryngium falcatum Delar, (3), 16/07/2003, 600-700 m., Medit. element, Uygun 318. 3. E. creticum Lam., (4), 16/07/2003, 600-700 m., Medit. element, Uygun - 319 4. E. campestre L. var. virens, (1), 10/07/2003, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 322. 5. Echinophora tenuifolia L., subsp. sibthorpiana (Guss.) Tutin, (1), 12/08/2002, 500-600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 327. 6. Scandix iberica Bieb., (12), 16/07/2003, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun - 320 7. Bifora testiculata (L.) Sprengel ex Schultes, (12), 06/04/2002, 500-600 m., Uygun 321. 8. Kundmannia syriaca Boiss., (2), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 328. 9. Tordylium hasselquistiae DC., (12), 06/04/2002, 500-600 m., Uygun 323. 10. Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm., (5), 28/06/2003, 600-700 m., widespread, Uygun 324. 11. Lisaea strigosa (Banks&Sol.), (1), 19/05/2003, 600-700 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 331. 35. ARALIACEAE 13

1. Hedera helix L., (7), 12/08/2002, 500-600 m., Uygun 381. 36. CORNACEAE 1. Cornus mas L., (5), 12/05/2003, 600-700 m., Euro.-Sib. element, Uygun 382. 37. MORINACEAE 1. Morina persica L. var. decussatifolia S.Erik&N.Demirkuş, (6), 28/06/2003, 700-800 m., widespread, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 350. 38. DIPSECACEAE 1. Cephalaria setosa Boiss&Hoen., (11), 28/06/2003, 900-1000, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 332. 2. C. syriaca (L.) Schrader, (3), 16/07/2003, 600-700, Uygun 335. 3. Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bert. var. bidens (Sm.) Borbas, (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 336. 4. Scabiosa rotata Bieb., (5), 28/06/2003, 550 m., Uygun 24. 5. Pterocephalus plumosus (L.) Cultermem, (4), 26/06/2003, 600 m., widespread, Uygun 23. 39. COMPOSITAE (ASTERACEAE) 1. Xanthium spinosum L., (8), 12/08/2002, 500-600 m., cosmopolit, Uygun 432. 2. Asteriscus aquaticus (L.)Less, (11), 15/05/2004, 700-900 m., Uygun 219. 3. Inula graveolens (L.) Desf., (1), 12/08/2002, 500-600 m, Medit. element, Uygun 433. 4. Carpesium abrotanoides L., (5), 28/06/2003, 600 m., Uygun 90. 5. Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC., (3), 12/05/2003, 600-700 m., Medit. element, Uygun 326. 6. P. graecum Boiss., (6)-(2) arası, 12/05/2003, 700-800 m., Medit. element, Uygun 407. 7. Helichrysum chionophilum Boiss.&Ball., (1), 10/07/2003, 550 m., endemic, Uygun 71. 8. Bellis perennis L., (9), 28/02/2003, 550 m., Euro-Sib. element, Uygun 77. 9. Senecio mollis Willd., (1), 10/07/2003, 550 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 72. 10. Anthemis cretica L. subsp. cassia (Boiss.) Grierson, (2), 10/07/2003, 550 m., Uygun 69. 11. A. hyalina DC., (1), 10/07/2003, 550 m., Uygun 75. 12. A. cotula L., (13), 06/04/2001, 600 m., widespread, Uygun 125. 13. A. tinctoria L. var. pallida DC., (12), 26/06/2003, 550 m., widespread, Uygun 73. 14. A. tinctoria L. var discoidea (All.) DC., (12), 26/06/2003, 550 m., Uygun 74. 15. Tanacetum vulgare L., (12), 26/06/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 81. 16. Matricaria chamomilla L. var. chamomilla, (13), 30/04/2003, 550 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 76. 17. M. aurea (L.) Schultz., (13), 06/04/2001, 600 m., Uygun 127. 18. Tripleurospermum oreades (Boiss.)Rech. var oreades, (9), 19/04/2003, 650 m., Uygun 121. 14

19. T. monticolum (Boiss&Huef) Bornm., (11), 23/02/2002, 850 m., Uygun 1. 20. Onopordum anatolicum (Boiss.) Eig., (1), 10/07/2003, 500 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 68. 21. Cirsium elodes Bieb., (9), 23/05/2002, 600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 66. 22. C. libanoticum DC. subsp. arachnoideum Davis&Parris, (8), 17/03/2003, 650 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 122. 23. C. arvense (L.) Scop. subsp. vestitum (Wimmer&Grab) Petrak, (9), 19/04/2003, 650 m., Uygun 123. 24. Ptilostemon diacantha (Lab.) Greuter subsp. turcicus, (9), 23/05/2003, 550 m., Medit. element, Uygun 83. 25. Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass., (12)-(1) arası, 26/06/2003, 6550 m., Medit. element, Uygun 65. 26. Centaurea virgata Lam., (12), 26/06/2003, 500 m., widespread, Uygun 60. 27. C. spicata Boiss., (12), 26/06/2003, 500 m., Medit. element, Uygun 89. 28. C. cataonica Boiss&Hausskn., (2), 12/07/2002, 600 m., endemic, Uygun 61. 29. C. solstitalis L. subsp. solstitalis, (8), 20/05/2003, 600 m., widespread, Uygun 50. 30. C. urvillei DC.subsp. urvillei, (1), 26/04/2003, 550 m., Medit. element, Uygun 2. 31. C. urvillei DC. subsp. nimrodis (Boiss&Hausskn.) Wagenitz., (2), 10/07/2002, 600-700 m., Uygun - 267 (New for C6). 32. C. depressa Bieb., (2), 10/07/2003, 550 m., widespread, Uygun 62. 33. Crupina crupinastrum (Moris) Vis., (2), 10/07/2003, 550 m, Uygun 70. 34. Cnicus benedictus L. var. benedictus, (13), 06/04/2001, 550 m., Uygun 266. 35. Atractylis cancellata L., (2), 10/07/2003, 550 m., Medit. element, Uygun - 87 (New for C6). 36. Xeranthemum annuum L., (2), 16/07/2003, 500-600, widespread, Uygun 274. 37. Siebera pungens (Lam.) J.Gay, (3), 16/07/2003, 650 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 124. 38. Echinops vaginatus Boiss.&Hausskkn., (3), 15/09/2003, 550 m., endemic, Ir.- Tur. element, Uygun 84. 39. Scolymus hispanicus L., (5), 28/06/2003, 600-700 m., Medit. element, Uygun 78. 40. Cichorium pumilum Jacq., (2), 10/07/2003, 550 m., Medit. element, Uygun 67. 41. Scorzonera kotschyi Boiss., (11), 15/05/2004, 700-800 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 222. 42. Trogopogon longirostris Bisch. ex schulz. var. longirostris, (13), 16/04/2001, 500-600 m., Uygun 264. 43. T. dubius Scop., (11), 15/05/2004, 700-900 m., Uygun - 220 (New for C6). 44. T. buphtalmoides (DC.) Boiss. var. buphtalmoides, (11), 15/05/2004, 700-900 m., Uygun 221. 45. Leontodon crispus Vill. subsp. asper (Waldst.&Kit.) Rohl. var. asper, (13), 30/04/2003, 550 m., widespread, Uygun 78. 46. Picris hieracioides L., (13), 06/04/2001, 500-600, Euro.-Sib. element, Uygun 268. 47. Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertner var. leiocarpus, (2), 10/07/2003, 550 m., Uygun 63. 48. R. stellatus (L.) Gaertner var. stellatus, (12), 26/06/2003, 500 m., Uygun 82. 49. Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth, (4), 17/07/2003, 600 m., Medit. element, Uygun - 85 (New for C6). 15

50. R. glauca Matthews, (13), 06/04/2001, 600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 126. 51. Pilosella verriculata (Link) Sojak, (2), 10/07/2003, 500 m., Uygun 86. 52. Scariola orientalis (Boiss) Sojak, (6) (2), 12/08/2002, 700-800 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 276. 53. Taraxacum montanum (C.&Meyer) DC., (7), 31/03/2003, 550 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 79. 54. T. aleppicum Dahlst., (3), 18/03/2004, 600-700, Medit. element, Uygun 281. 55. T. crepidiforme DC. subsp. crepidiforme, (7), 31/03/2003, 550 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 80. 56. Crepis sancta (L.) Babcock, (6), 14/04/2003, 550 m., widespread, Uygun 88. 40. CAMPANULACEAE 1. Campanula involucrata Aucher ex A.DC, (4), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., widespread, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 444. 2. C. telephioides Boiss.&Hausskn., (4), 12/08/2002, 700-800 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 445. 3. Asyneuma amplexicaule (Willd.) Hand.-Mazz. subsp. amplexicaule var. amplexicaule, (4), 16/07/2003, 600-700 m., widespread, Uygun - 446. 4. Michauxia campanuloides L Herit ex Aiton, (4), 28/06/2003,700-800 m., Medit. element, Uygun 349. 41. PRIMULACEAE 1. Cyclamen persicum Miller, (11), 18/03/2004, 800-900 m., Medit. element, Uygun 285. 2. Anagallis arvensis L. var., caerulea (L.) Govan, (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 300. 42. EBENACEAE 43. OLEACEAE 1. Diospyros kaki L., (3), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 408. 1. Olea europaea L. var. Europaea, (8), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 409. 44. APOCYNACEAE 1. Nerium oleander L., (1), 14/04/2002, 500-600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 410. 45. CONVOLVULACEAE 1. Convolvulus dorycnium L. subsp. oxysepalus, (1), 26/06/2003, 500 m., Medit. element, Uygun 29. 2. C. dorycnium L. subsp. dorycnium, (12), 26/06/2006, 500 m., Medit. element, Uygun 30. 3. C.arvensis L., (1), 19/05/2003, 500 m., Uygun 286. 4. C.betonicifolius Bieb. subsp. peduncularis (Boiss) Parris, (2), 10/07/2003, 600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 31. 16

46. CUSCUTACEAE 1. Cuscuta planiflora Ten., (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 351. 2. C. brevistyla A.Braun, (3), 12/05/2002, 600-700 m., Uygun 446. 47. BORAGINACEAE 1. Heliotropium haussknechtii Bunge, (11), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 298. 2. H. myosotoides Banks&Sol., (5), 28/06/2003, 900-1000 m., Uygun 292. 3. H. eurepaeum L., (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 296. 4. Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill., (2), 26/06/2003, 700-800 m., Euro-Sib. element, Uygun - 306 (New for C6). 5. Echium glomeratum Poiret, (13), 30/04/2003, 500-600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 294. 6. E. italicum L., (6), 26/06/2003, 700-800 m., Medit. element, Uygun 293. 7. E. plantagineum L., (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 295. 8. Onosma orientale (L.) L., (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 297. 9. O. alba-roseum Fisch&Mey. var. alba-roseum, (6), 26/06/2003, 700-800 m., Ir.- Tur. element, Uygun 275. 10. Anchusa azurea Miller var. kurdica,(6), 14/04/2003, 600 m., Uygun 36. 11. A. azurea Miller var. azurea, (4), 16/07/2003, 800-900 m., Uygun 290. 12. A. strigosa Labill., Icon, (9), 28/02/2002, 600 m., Uygun 58. 13. A. arvensis (L.) Bieb., (4), 16/07/2003, 800-900 m., Uygun 291. 14. Alkanna kotschyana DC., (3), 30/04/2001, 600-700, endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 447. 48. SOLANACEAE 1. Hyoscyamus niger L., (4), 12/05/2003, 600-800 m., widespread, Uygun 316. 2. Nicotiana rustica L., (7), 16/07/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 317. 49. SCROPHULARIACEAE 1. Verbascum agrimoniifolium (C.Koch) Hub-Mor. subsp. agrimoniifolium, (9), 16/07/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 308. 2. V. scaposum Boiss., (5), 28/06/2003, 700-800, endemic Medit. element, Uygun 307. 3. V. subnivale Boiss.&Hausskn., (11), 16/07/2003, 1000-1100 m., endemic, Ir.- Tur. element, Uygun 309. 4. V. germaniciae Hausskn., (9), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 310. 5. V. infidelium Boiss.&Hausskn., (1), 16/05/2004, 500-600 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 311. 6. Anarhinum orientale Bentham, (5), 28/06/2003, 700-800 m., Ir.-Tur. element., Uygun 305. 7. Veronica triphyllos L., (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 301. 17

8. V. persica Poiret, (12), 30/04/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 302. 9. V. hederifolia L., (13), 06/04/2001, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 299. 10. V. anagallis-aquatica L., (12), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 303. 11. V. anagalloides Guss., (12), 30/04/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 304. 50. OROBANCHACEAE 1. Orobanche crenata Forsskall, (1), 10/05/2002, 500-700 m., Uygun 208. 2. O. caryophyllacea Smith, (11), 15/05/2004, 700-900 m., Uygun 218. 51. ACANTHACEAE 1. Acanthus dioscoridis L. var. perringii, (8), 28/06/2003, 500-800 m., endemic, Uygun 207. 52. LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE) 1. Teucrium multicaule Montbret&Aucher ex Bentham, (2), 28/06/2003, 500-700 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 188. 2. T. polium L., (5), 30/04/2003, 600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 191. 3. Scutellaria orientalis L.subsp. sintenisii (Hausskn.&Bornm.) Edmonton, (1), 28/06/2003, 500-700 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 203. 4. S. orientalis L. subsp. alpina (Boiss) O.Schwarz var. alpina, (11), 15/05/2004, 700-900 m., widespread, Uygun 228. 5. Phlomis pungens Willd. var. hirta Velen, (9), 12/08/2002, 600-900 m., Uygun 205. 6. P. linearis Boiss&Bal., (8), 28/06/2003, 500-600 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 192. 7. Lamium aleppicum Boiss.&Hausskn., (7), 21/03/2003, 500-700 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 195. 8. L. amplexicaule L., (9), 10/05/2002, 500-600 m., widespread, Euro-Sib. element, Uygun 201. 9. Ballota nigra L. subsp. kurdica P.H.Davis, (4), 16/07/2003, 600-1000 m., Ir.- Tur. element, Uygun 198. 10. Stachys cretica L. subsp. anatolica Rech., (5), 28/06/2003, 500-800 m., endemic Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 189. 11. S. cretica L. subsp. garana (Boiss) Rech.,(11), 15/05/2004, 700-900 m., Ir.-Tur. element,uygun 227. 12. Prunella orientalis Bornm., (4), 16/07/2003, 600-1000 m., Uygun 196. 13. Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata, (5), 28/06/2003, 550-800 m., Medit. element, Uygun 194. 14. Mentha aquatica L., (11), 12/08/2002, 600-900 m., widespread, Uygun 204. 15. Ziziphora capitata L., (2), 28/06/2003, 550-750 m., widespread, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 193. 16. Salvia tomentosa Miller., (9), 12/05/2002, 500-750 m., Medit. element, Uygun 202. 17. S. pilifera Montbreth&Aucher, (3), 15/05/2004, 700-900 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 225. 18. S. pinnata L., (11), 17/05/2002, 600-1000 m., Medit. element, Uygun 197. 18

19. S. multicaulis Vahl., (4), 10/05/2002, 600-700 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 434. 20. S. syriaca L., (9), 10/05/2002, 500-600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 200. 21. S. viridis L., (13), 30/04/2003, 600 m., Medit. element, Uygun 190. 22. S. candidissima Vahl. subsp. candidissima, (4), 12/08/2002, 500-750 m., Ir-Tur element, Uygun 224. 23. S. cilicica Boiss.&Kotschy, (9), 10/05/2002, 500-600 m., endemic, Uygun - 199 (New for C6). 53. PLANTAGINACEAE 1. Plantago major L. subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange, (9), 10/07/2003, 650 m., widespread, Uygun 57. 2. P. maritima L., (9), 16/07/2003, 600-800 m., widespread, Uygun - 210 (New for C6). 3. P. media L., (9), 10/07/2003, 650 m., Uygun - 55 (New for C6). 54. ELAEAGNACEAE 1. Elaeagnus angustifolia L., (8), 12/05/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 383. 55. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 1. Aristolochia maurorum L., (12), 14/03/2002, 550 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun - 21. 56. EUPHORBIACEAE 1. Andrachne telephioides L., (1), 15/05/2004, 700-900 m., widespread, Uygun 226. 2. Mercurialis annua L., (12), 26/06/2003, 500-700 m., Uygun 217. 3. Euphorbia hirsuta L., (2), 12/08/2002, 500-750 m., Uygun 214. 4. E. gaillardotii Boiss.&Blanche in Boiss., (11)-(9), 15/05/2004, 700-900 m., Ir.- Tur. element, Uygun 223. 5. E. eriophora Boiss., (2), 06/04/2003, 600-800 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 230. 6. E. aleppica L., (12), 26/06/2003, 500-700, widespread, Uygun 216. 7. E. phymatosperma Boiss.&Gaill, (3), 16/07/2003, 600-800 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 212. 8. E. szovitsii Fisch&Mey. subsp. szovitsii, (13), 06/04/2001, 500-800 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 213. 9. E. falcata L. subsp. falcata var. falcata, (2), 12/08/2002, 500-750 m., widespread, Uygun 215. 57. URTICACEAE 58. MORACEAE 1. Urtica dioica L., (9), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., widespread, Euro.-Sib. element, Uygun 384. 1. Morus alba L, (11), 14/04/2002, 500-600 m., Uygun 385. 19

2. M. nigra L. (11), 14/04/2002,500-600 m., Uygun 386. 3. Ficus carica L. subsp. carica, (7), 12/08/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 387. 4. Ficus carica L.subsp. rupestris, 12/08/2003, 500-600 m., Uygun 388. 59. JUGLANDACEAE 1. Juglans regia L., (7), 12/08/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 389. 60. PLATANACEAE 61. FAGACEAE 1. Platanus orientalis L., (4), 12/05/2003, 700-800 m., Uygun 390. 1. Quercus cerris L. var. cerris, (9), 12/08/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 392. 2. Q. coccifera L., (3), 12/08/2002, 600-700 m., Medit. element, Uygun 391. 62.S ALICACEAE 1. Salix alba L., (8), 30/04/2003, 500-600 m., widespread, Euro.-Sib. element, Uygun 393. 2. Populus alba L., (8), 30/04/2003, 500-600 m., Euro.-Sib. element, Uygun 394. 63. RUBIACEAE 64. ARACEAE 65. LILIACEAE 1. Asperula stricta Boiss. subsp. latibracteata (Boiss.) Ehrend., (8), 12/08/2002, 500-700 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 263. 2. Gallium shepardii Post, (11), 12/08/2002, 600-900 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 209. 3. G. tricornutum Dandy, (8), 06/04/2002, 500-700 m., Medit. element, Uygun 211. 1. Arum detruncatum C.A.Meyer ex Schott var. caudatum Engler, (9), 14/04/2003, 600-800 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur element, Uygun 250. 2. A. dioscoridis Sm. var. luschanii R.Mill., (9), 28/02/2002, 600-800 m, endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 251. 3. A. dioscoridis Sm. var. syriacum (Blume) Engler, (9), 28/02/2002, 600-800 m., Medit. element, Uygun 252. 1. Asphodelus aestivus Brot., (6), 14/04/2003, 500-800 m., Medit. element, Uygun 240. 2. A. cassium Boiss., (11), 16/07/2003, 600-800 m., Medit. element, Uygun 247. 3. A. tchihatschewii Boiss., (3), 28/06/2003, 900-1000 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun - 248 4. A. tauricola Boiss., (11), 12/08/2002, 750-1000 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 246. 20

5. A. dictyoprasum C.A.Meyer ex Kunth., (8), 17/05/2002, 500-600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 249. 6. Ornithogalum umbellatum L., (6), 14/04/2003, 500-650 m., Uygun 241. 7. O. alpigenum Stapf, (13), 30/04/2002, 500-700 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 239. 8. Muscari longipes Boiss., (4), 12/05/2003, 700-800 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 325. 9. M. armeniacum Leicthlin ex Baker, (4), 14/05/2002, 700-800 m., widespread, Uygun 244. 10. M. neglectum Guss., (4), 14/05/2002, 700-800 m., widespread, Uygun 245. 11. M. discolor Boiss.&Hausskn., (7), 21/03/2003, 800-900 m., endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 235. 12. Hyacinthus orientalis L. subsp. orientalis, (11), 18/03/2004, 1000-1100 m., Medit. element, Uygun 283. 13. H. orientalis L. subsp. chionophilus, (11), 18/03/2004, 1000-1100 m., endemic Uygun 284. 14. Tulipa armena Boiss. var. lycica, (11), 15/04/2004, 700-900 m., endemic, Uygun 255. 15. Gagea reticulata (Pallas) Schultes&Schultes, (7), 21/03/2003, 800-900 m., Ir.- Tur. element, Uygun 237. 66. AMARYLLIDACEAE 67. IRIDACEAE 1. Ixiolirion tataricum (Pallas) Herbert subsp. montanum (Labill.)Takth., (12), 30/04/2002, 500-650 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 242. 1. Iris persica L.,(11), 28/02/2002, 800-1000 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 256. 2. I. histrio Reichb., (13), 06/04/2001, 500-700 m., Medit. element, Uygun 435. 3. Crocus ancryensis (Herbert) Maw., (11), 28/02/2002, 800-1000 m., endemic, Ir.- Tur. element, Uygun 236. 4. C. biflorus Miller. subsp. pseudonubigena Mathew, (3), 17/05/2002, 700-800, endemic, Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 238. 5. Gladiolus italicus Miller, (7), 21/03/2003, 800-900 m., Uygun 243. 68. ORCHIDACEAE 1. Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch, (4), 16/07/2003, 600-800 m., Euro-Sib. element, Uygun 253. 2. Ophrys cilicica Schlechter, (4), 15/04/2004, 600-800 m., endemic, Medit. element, Uygun 254. 69. TYPHACEAE 1. Typha laxmanii Lepechin, (13), 06/06/2002, 500-600 m., Euro.-Sib. element, Uygun 428. 70. JUNCACEAE 21

1. Juncus bufonius L., (13), 30/04/2001, 500-600 m., cosmopolit, Uygun 413. 71. CYPERACEAE 1. Cyperus longus L., (13), 06/06/2002, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 415. 2. C. fuscus L., (12), 16/07/2003, 500-600 m., Euro.-Sib. element, Uygun 414. 3. Carex divulsa Stokes subsp. divulsa, (12), 19/03/2002, 500-600 m., Euro.-Sib. element, Uygun 416. 4. C. divisa Hudson, (13), 06/04/2001, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 417. 5. C. pendula Hudson, (12), 08/04/2002, 500-600 m., Uygun 418. 72. POACEAE (GRAMINEAE) 1. Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis subsp. podpyerae (Nab.) Melderis, (3), 16/07/2003, 600-700 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 435. 2. Aegilops umbellulata Zhukovsky subsp. umbellulata, (8), 12/05/2003, 500-600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 437. 3. Triticum aestivum L., (5), 12/05/2003, 600-700 m., widespread, Uygun 420. 4. Hordeum bulbosum L., (3), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m, widespread, Uygun 448. 5. H. spontaneum C.Koch, (3), 12/08/2002, 600-700 m, Ir.-Tur. element (New for C6). 6. Bromus squarrosus L., (2), 28/06/2003, 500-700 m., widespread, Uygun 232. 7. B. danthoniae Trim., (5), 28/06/2003,700-900 m., Uygun 231. 8. Avena eriantha Duriev, (7), 21/04/2002, 600-700 m., Uygun 422. 9. A. sativa L., (6), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 423. 10. Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev var. cristata, (4), 12/05/2003, 600-700 m., widespread, Uygun 438. 11. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., (8), 14/06/2004, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 258. 12. Vulpia unilateralis (L.) Stace, (4), 14/06/2004, 500-700 m., widespread, Uygun 259. 13. Psilurus incurvus (Govan) Schinz&Thell., (4), 16/07/2003, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 257. 14. Poa pratensis L., (9), 26/06/2003, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 439. 15. P. angustifolia L., (4), 12/08/2003, 700-800 m., widespread, Uygun 440. 16. P. bulbosa L., (11), 12/05/2003, 600-700 m., Uygun 424. 17. Briza humilis Bieb., (6), 26/06/2003, 600-700 m., widespread, Uygun 425. 18. Echinaria capitata (L.) Desf., (13), 06/04/2001, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 262. 19. Stipa capensis Thunb., (2), 12/05/2003, 500-600 m, Medit. element, Uygun 443. 20. S. ehrenbergiana Trin.&Rupr., (7), 28/06/2003, 500-600 m., Ir.-Tur. element, Uygun 441. 21. S. pontica P.Smirnov, (6), 28/06/2003, 700-800 m., Uygun 442. 22. Phragmithes australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steudel, (13), 12/08/2002, 500-600 m., widespread, Euro.-Sib. element, Uygun 426. 23. Crypsis alopecuroides (Piller&Mitterp) Schader, (12), 12/05/2002, 500-600 m., Uygun 260. 24. C. schnoenoides (L.) Lam., (12), 12/05/2002, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 261. 22

25. Sorghum. halepense (L.) Pers. var. muticum (Hackel) Grossh., (8), 17/05/2002, 500-600 m., widespread, Uygun 234. Appendix B Cultivated Plant List 1. Phaseolus vulgaris L. 2. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. 3. Cicer arietinum L. 4. Vicia faba L. 5. Prunus x domestica L. 6. Cerasus avium (L.) Moench. 7. C. vulgaris Miller. 8. Armeniaca vulgaris Miller. 9. Persica vulgaris Miller. 10. Amygdalus communis L. 11. Fragaria x ananassa Duchense 12. Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. 13. Cydonia oblanga Miller. 14. Malus sylvestris Miller subsp. mitis (Wallr.) Monsf. 15. Pyrus communis L.subsp. communis 16. Citrillus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum&Nakai 17. Cucurbita pepo L. 18. C.sativus L. 19. Cucumis melo L. 20. Petroselinum crispum (Miller)A.W.Hill. 21. Helianthus annuus L. 22. Solanum melongena L. 23. S. tuberosum L. 24. Capsicum annuum L. 25. Lycopersicon esculentum Miller. 26. Allium cepa L. 27. A. sativum L. 28. Triticum durum Desf. 29. H. vulgare L. 30. Sorghum bicolor (L.), Moench cv.cernuum 31. Zea mays L. 23