YÖKDİL FEN RESEARCH. Verimlilik/ Üretkenlik productivity fertility fruitfulness. Korkmak/ Korku/Endişe fear concern worry apprehension

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1 YÖKDİL FEN RESEARCH Alan field realm discipline area Kaydetmek record (v) register Verimlilik/ Üretkenlik productivity fertility fruitfulness Kaynak source resource supply Çaba/Girişim attempt effort try endeavour Varlık/ Bulunma existence presence reality Yayınlamak issue (v) release publish Korkmak/ Korku/Endişe fear concern worry apprehension Başarı success (n) achievement accomplishment feat Tedavi etmek treat cure heal Başarısız olmak fail (v) collapse break down Dayanmak date back go back stretch trace Bilimadamı/ Uzman scientist (n) scholar explorer reseracher Çözülmemiş unresolved (adj) not solved not settled Çok küçük tiny microscopic minute very small Zarar vermek Yeterli Sebep/Neden Kaynaklanmak Tehlikeli harm damage hurt impair adequate(adj) sufficient enough satisfactory motive reason cause grounds to be caused by result from stem from originate from derive from arise from dangerous risky unsafe treacherous perilous hazardous Tartışmak debate (v) discuss argue debate (n) discussion Müzakere etmek/ Görüşmek negotiate (v) talk hold talks bargain Bahsetmek/ Bir şeye bağlamak attribute to (v) refer to ascribe to Oluşturmak account for (v) constitute comprise make up form the total of sth Ortak collective common public communal

2 Ayrılmak/ Farklılaşmak differentiate distinguish vary set apart İhtiyaç duymak/ Bağlı olmak need require rely on/upon(v) depend on/upon Miras/Kalıtım inheritance heritage (n) legacy (n) heirship (n) Yenilik yapmak innovate (v) introduce changes /new ideas bring in Yenilik novelty (n) innovation discovery something new Ortaya çıkarmak unearth (v) dig up excavate uncover discover Yaygınlık/Sıklık prevalence commonness frequency regularity universality Tahsis etmek, aktarmak allocate allot distribute Tanımlamak/ Belirlemek identify (v) determine specify establish recognize Kapsamlı/ Detaylı/Karmaşık extensive (adj) wide-spread sophisticated complicated inclusive Kademeli/Yavaşça steadily gradually slowly step by step little by little Yıkma/Yok etme destruction eradication termination elimination devastation Sonuç/Etki consequence outcome result output effect İzlemek/Takip etmek track trace follow pursue pursuit(n) Sonuç/Bulgu result (n) finding outcome effect discovery Kanıt/ Kanıtlamak evidence (n) proof evident(adj) prove (v) establish provide evidence Göstermek/ İşaret etmek indicate (v) show demonstrate illustrate display Onaylamak/ Doğrulamak confirm (v) approve verify ratify validate Onaylama/ Doğrulama confirmation (n) approval verification ratification validation Oluşturmak/ -Den oluşmak consist of comprise be composed of make up sth constitute

3 Tehdit etmek/ Tehlikeye sokmak threaten (v) endanger risk jeopardise put into risk Kabul/Onay acceptance (n) approval agreement admission consent Çağdaş/Modern contemporary modern current present up to date Dikkat çekici/ Çarpıcı remarking striking outstanding notable noteworthy Uygulamak/ Yasalaştırmak put into effect practise put into regulation enact endorse Zayıf/Hassas/ Kırılgan fragile vulnerable weak delicate susceptible Tanımlamak/ Belirlemek identify (v) determine specify establish recognize Kazmak/Çıkarmak unearth (v) dig up excavate uncover discover Kanıtlamak/ Göstermek prove (v) establish show demonstrate indicate Hesaplamak calculate estimate compute figure evaluate Katı/Sert solid firm rigid hard concrete Konu/Sorun/ Mesela matter (n) issue subject topic concern Şüpheci/ Treddütlü sceptic cynic of/about sth (adj) doubtful (adj) hesitating Sürdürmek/ Devam etmek maintain (v) sustain extend prolong keep sth going Çekmek/Küçülmek contract (v) shrink narrow shorten get make smaller Birlik/Dernek/ Kuruluş fellowship (n) association society brotherhood companionship Geliştirmek/ İlerletmek improve(v) enhance advance develop boost mature Araştırmak research on sth search seek - sought scrutinize (v) investigate or scrutiny (n) Olmak/ Meydana getirmek take place happen come about emerge arise appear Sağlamak/ Vermek provide with provision supply with (v,n) deliver (v) give(v) grant(v)

4 Genişletmek/ Büyütmek expand enlarge extend widen expansion(n) Kötüleşmek/ Kötüleştirmek exacerbate worsen aggravate degenerate deteriorate get worse Vazgeçmek/ Bırakmak give up abandon quit stop halt discontinue Zafer/Başarı triumph (n) victory success achievement accomplishment conquest feat İlerleme/ Gelişme improvement progress development advance progression advancement Etkilemek influence affect impact on have an effect on have an impact on act or work upon Salmak emit release give out emission release Katkı sağlamak contribute to(v), provide make a contribution help sth to advance Karşı çıkmak/ Tartışmak oppose (v) disagree dispute argue quarrel fall out Çatışmak/ Tartışmak conflict (v) (with) contrast contradict clash be opposite fight Sınıflandırmak classify (v) into: categorize under group sort arrange systematically Güvenmek/ Bağlı olmak rely on/upon(v) depend on/upon count on trust Kabul etmek/ Razı olmak accept (v) agree approve consent receive acknowledge come to the terms with sth(v) Başarısızlık/ Hayal kırıklığı failure (n) collapse breakdown frustration disappointment lack of success Sonuç çıkarmak/ Sonuç/Çıkarım conclude from (v) deduce from infer from conclusion (n) deduction inference Süren/Devam eden/kesintisiz persistent continuous recurrent on-going non-stop uninterrupted Ekmek plant grow cultivate farm cultivation planting Birikmek/Artmak build up increase rise grow boost intensify İkna edici/ İnandırıcı convincing persuasive compelling satisfying cogent creditable Büyük/Çok substantial considerable tremendous great big large

5 Mantıklı logical acceptable rational reasonable plausible sensible İcat etmek/ Geliştirmek invent (v) devise develop design create discover Derin profound (adj) serious deep fathomless of great depth not superficial Simgelemek/ Anlamına gelmek stand for (v) signify mean represent symbol, symbolize Faydalanmak/ Kullanmak make use of (v) utilize employ exploit benefit from (v) help to be helped

6 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY süreç process procedure altyapı substructure infrastructure kanıtlamak prove (v) establish provide evidence yoğunlaşmak condense (v) concentrate (v) condensation(n) Kabuk, yer kabuğu crust cover shell gömülü başarı sürdürmek yankılanmak erimek embedded implanted inserted success (n) achievement accomplishment feat maintain sustain persist in echo cry out melt dissolve smelt thaw Belirli, özel madde Bağlı olmak Çatlak, kırık sağlamak particular certain specific matter substance stuff compound rely on/upon(v) depend on/upon need require fracture crack fragment rupture supply provide give offer güvenirlik credibility dependability reliability trustworthiness güvenilir credible dependable reliable trustworthy Dış exterior external iç interior internal yeterli adequate (adj) sufficient enough satisfactory geciktirmek retard hold sb/sth up delay set back suçlu Culprit Reasonable for guilty gözlemek observe watch screen monitor view Zehirli, ölümcül toxic (adj) poisonous deadly lethal Çaba, girişim endeavour (n) attempt effort try Baş etmek Ele almak approach tackle deal with handle

7 Rastgele alışmak dönüş sağlamak koruma random haphazard arbitrary accidental acclimate get used to adapt adjust rotation revolving turning circling ensure (v) make sure make certain guarantee preservation conservation protection saving kuvvetli gerçek gerçek sınıflandırma Ara, boşluk forceful strong powerful mighty fact truth reality actuality factual real true actual classification categorization sorting order interval gap period space vazgeçmek abandon quit give up abort tehlikeli dangerous risky unsafe treacherous farklılaşmak differentiate distinguish vary set apart geçerli valid legitimate solid applicable Var olmak exist to be found occur existence (n) presence (n) Açlıktan ölmek, açlık starve (v) starvation (n) hunger(n) famine (n) Güç, kuvvet force strength power might strengthen (v) Rakım,yükseklik altitude elevation height latitude (n) sıklık frequency regularity occurrence frequent regular genişletmek expand enlarge extend widen buharlaşmak vapour evaporate vaporise steam vapour çarpmak impact crash collide with bump into collision Araç, gereç machinery gear kit equipment tools Yol, yöntem means way method technique by means of bitirmek deplete use up finish exhaust get through

8 Harcamak, tüketmek Consume(v) expend consumption(n) expenditure expense Artış, yükseliş increase (n) rise growth escalation expansion Akmak, akış Flow(v) circulate circulation(n) flow run Yok etme destruction eradication termination elimination devastation izlemek track trace follow pursue pursuit(n) Kademeli, yavaşca Sonsuz, sınırsız -den oluşmak Katı, sert belirlemek gradually slowly steadily step by step little by little endless boundless infinite unlimited eternal consist of comprise be composed of make up st constitute solid firm rigid hard concrete determine identify specify decide settle Fark etmek realize notice discover recognize realization(n) Devam etmek continue keep ving go on proceed carry on ving uyarmak alert awaken warn caution notify Yoğunluk, yoğun Intensity(n) density intensiveness intense(adj) intensive dense engellemek obstruct hinder hamper block handicap hold back Anlayış, kavrama insight understanding conception comprehension grasp discernment Araç, cihaz device instrument gizmo utensil gadget mechanism korumak protect (v) conserve preserve secure defend guard desteklemek fund sponsor finance subsidize back up support etkilemek Influence(v) impact affect influence(n) effect impact Zararlı, tehlikeli hazardous harmful detrimental perilous Araç, cihaz device instrument gizmo utensil gadget mechanism Merak, meraklı Inquisitiveness(n) curiosity interest inquisitive(adj) curious interested başlatmak ignite trigger launch initiate introduce bring in Ikna edici convincing persuasive compelling satisfying cogent creditable

9 Tutarlı, sabit consistent steady stable tutarsız unsteady unstable inconsistent belirsiz unclear confusing uncertain implicit opaque unresolved Kesmek, bırakmak cease(v) give up stop abandon quit discontinue zor difficult hard challenging demanding taxing tough dönmek rotate turn around circle go around orbit spin revolve kullanmak benefit from make use of utilize exploit employ take advantage of Zayıflık, noksanlık disadvantage (n) drawback shortcoming weakness handicap set-back Anlayış, kavrama insight understanding conception comprehension grasp discernment Yaklaşım, tavır approach way style manner attitude benimsemek Adopt(v) embrace accept adoption(n) embracing acceptance sıkılaştırmak tighten stretch gevşetmek relax loose release free mantıklı reasonable logical rational practical acceptable plausible Ilişki, bağ relation connection relationship correlation link association kapsamlı comprehensive extensive far-reaching large-scale wide-ranging sophisticated complicated Beslemek, besin nourish (v) nurture (v) nutrient (n) nourishment (n) nutrition (n) nutrious (adj) nourishing (adj) içermek contain (v) include cover involve take in encompass embrace sınıflandırmak classify (v) sth into: categorize under group sort arrange systematically engel obstruction barrier barricade hurdle obstacle hindrance impediment Belirsizlik, belirsiz Vagueness(n) ambiguity uncertainty vague(adj) ambiguous unclear implicit Çatışma, anlaşmazlık paradox disagreement conflict contradiction discrepancy opposition inconsistency

10 özellik feature characteristic quality property attribute trait specification yaşamak experience live face confront to be exposed to to be subject to undergo Üretmek, yapmak produce (v) make do generate create build form Icat etmek, üretmek invent devise create formulate design engineer fabricate anlamak Comprehend(v) understand take in grasp perceive tuhaf strange odd weird bizarre peculiar uncanny abnormal Sonsuz, sınırsız endless boundless infinite unlimited eternal vast immense dönüştürmek transform (v) convert change turn into alter shift adapt Açık, belirli clear explicit express lucid apparent obvious evident transparent arttırmak boost (v) enhance improve raise increase augment intensify Değelendirmek, değerlendirme Evaluation(n) assessment appraisal evaluate(v) assess appraise judgement Ilgili, bağlantılı related to associated with connected with linked unified interrelated interconnected Ayrı, farklı separate distinct distinctive different various single individual Oran, oransal Rate(n) ration proportion scale proportional(adj) relative comparative solumak inhale exhale breath respire inhalation(n) exhalation respiration breathing büyük massive huge vast immense giant enormous gigantic tremendous değiştirmek change (v) alter shift adapt tailor and vary adjust modify Yok etmek destroy eradicate wipe out terminate eliminate devastate abolish annihilate Sebep olmak, trigger(v) cause lead to bring about give rise to result in pave the way for Nafile, boşuna futile useless pointless ineffective fruitless inefficient vain in vain

11 NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT Emmek Beslemek Çekim kuvveti Salmak Salınım soak up absorb suck take in nourish (v) nurture feed gravity magnitude emit release give out discharge emission release discharge secretion Yaşanılabilir habitable liveable hospitable inhabitable Yaşamaya elverişsiz uninhabitable inhospitable hostile barren Yağış precipitation rainfall Kırsal rural rustic country pastoral Kentsel urban city metropolitan Üreme/Çoğalma breeding reproduction proliferation procreation generation Yavru offspring children babies progeny progenies Klonlamak/ Kopyalamak clone duplicate copy reproduce Akmak flow run stream pour Akıntı current flow circulation stream drift Nehir river stream canal Patlamak erupt explode blast blow up go off Evrim/Dönüşüm evolution transformation mutation alteration conversion change Kaynak source resource supply reserves stocks Donmak freeze cool chill Gözlem observation monitoring surveillance screening Gözlemlemek monitor (v) view observe screen Yörünge orbit course path track Miktar quantity amount supply volume Felaket catastrophe disaster calamity tragedy

12 Kirletmek pollute contaminate dirty infest Kirlilik pollution contamination spoiling Kesmek chop down cut cut down Savaşmak combat fight struggle against battle Dünya dışı extra-terrestrial celestial outer space heavenly Kabuk/ Yerkabuğu crust Shell covering coating Çeşitlilik diversity variety unlikeness difference assortment Hayatta kalmak survive live endure keep living Yok olma extinction disappearance dying out death loss Volkanik patlama volcanic outburst eruption explosion outburst Ormansızlaştırma Sel Erimek Kaynaklanmak Tehlikeli deforestation clear-cutting desertification erosion flood torrent deluge tsunami melt dissolve thaw defrost to be caused by result from stem from originate from derive from arise from dangerous risky unsafe treacherous perilious Nemli humid damp moist wet Nem humidity damp moisture mugginess wetness Işın/ Güneş ışını ray beam sunbeam Tepe/Bozkır hill moor highlands foothill Toplum/ Topluluk society community population the public Doğa/ Vahşi yaşam wildlife nature the wild natural world Canlı alive living live animate Zarar vermek harm damage hurt impair weaken spoil Doğa wildlife nature vegetation bitki örtüsü flora (bitki) fauna(hayvan) Tehdit/ Tehlike threat menace danger risk hazard peril

13 Tabaka/ Katman plate layer cover stratum strata Çarpışmak collide with crash impact strike hit Göç etmek migrate immigrate emigrate leave move out Tehdit etmek/ Tehlikeye sokmak threaten endanger risk jeopardise put into risk imperil Besin nutrition food refreshment nourishment sustenance Zirve peak summit pinnacle high point zenith top acme Manzara landscape view scenery panorama scene Çekinik recessive dormant inactive latent regressive Kış uykusuna yatmak hibernate lie dormant sleep hibernation dormancy Yok etme destruction eradication termination elimination devastation obliteration annihilation Etkilenmek/ Etki influence impact affect influence effect Kuraklık drought dryness aridity dearth scarcity Meydana gelmek occur (v) happen take place arise come about Kurak/Verimsiz arid dry waterless infertile unproductive barren Azaltmak reduce decrease cut down lessen mitigate minimize Örnek/Numune specimen example sample exemplification sampling species Korumak/ Muhafaza Etmek protect (v) conserve preserve secure defend guard safeguard Oluşturmak/ -den oluşmak consist of comprise be composed of make up sth constitute include encompass Yükseklik altitude elevation height elevate (v) latitude (n) Arıtmak/ Temizlemek purify filter refine cleanse decontaminate

14 Buharlaşmak/ Buhar vapour evaporate vaporise steam evaporation Yoğunluk/ Sıklık intensity density frequency occurrence Bağımlı olmak/ Bağlı olmak depend on rely on count on be dependent on be reliant on/upon Maruz kalmak to be exposed to to be subjected to undergo experience go through Verimli/ Üretken fertile fruitful productive prolific rich lush Yaşam alanı habitat territory home environment eco system dwelling Toprak soil earth mud ground clay landslide Ekmek plant grow sow cultivate farm cultivation(n) planting Hakim dominant powerful strong controlling commanding influential Çeşitli/Farklı diverse various varied assorted miscellaneous heterogeneous Doğurmak/ Üremek breed produce reproduce bear give birth proliferate Tehlike altında endangered at risk to be threatened in danger vulnerable to in jeopardy Birikmek/Artmak build up increase rise grow boost intensify Deprem/Sarsıntı earthquake quake trembling tremor jolt vibration Engellemek obstruct hinder hamper block handicap hold back Sınıflandırmak divide into classify into categorize under group sort Korumak protect defend guard preserve conserve secure shelter Tür/Çeşit species class variety breed group sort type Özellik feature characteristic quality property attribute trait specification Değişmek/ Evrim geçirmek evolve transform convert change mutate turn to/into develop from

15 Sebep olmak lead to cause bring about trigger engender give rise to result in Değiştirmek/ Değişmek change (v) alter shift adapt adjust modify transform convert Yok olmak disappear (v) become extinct vanish (v) fade away go extinct die out disappearance(n) extinction Çiftleşmek/ Üremek mate pair couple copulate breed propagate mating(n) copulation Yerli/Yaşayan native (n) local national inhabitant (n) resident (n) dweller (n) citizen occupant Yok etmek destroy eradicate wipe out terminate eliminate devastate abolish annihilate Zayıf/ Savunmasız vulnerable to susceptible to fragile weak open to sth helpless defenceless prone to İçermek contain (v) include cover involve take in encompass embrace incorporate Yaşayanlar inhabitant (n) resident (n) dweller (n) citizen occupant native (n) local national Engel obstruction barrier barricade hurdle obstacle hindrance impediment Kapsamlı/ Detay comprehensive extensive far-reaching large-scale wide-ranging sophisticated complicated Üretmek/ Yapmak produce (v) make do generate create build form Bölge/Alan region area part zone neighbourhood district territory terrain Oluşmak/ Ortaya çıkmak form develop originate emerge come into existence come into being appear arise Tehlike altında endangered to be threatened open to sth at risk in danger vulnerable to helpless in jeopardy defenceless

16 HEALTH AND MEDICINE engellemek etki Bağlık olmak değiştirmek Yaygın, salgın prevent stop hinder inhibit obstruct effect influence impact rely on/upon(v) depend on/upon count on replace alter change endemic epidemic pandemic titreme sertlik kusurlu görüş sonuç tremor shaking shiver tremble rigidity inflexibility hardness stiffness defective faulty flawed unhealthy vision eyesight sight view outcome result consequence output belirsiz Yoğun, sert Tanı koymak aşırı artma vague ambiguous unclear implicit severe intense powerful violent diagnose identify determine pinpoint excessive too much exaggerated extreme increase (n) rise growth escalation expansion yaralanma injury wound damage harm Ilaç yazmak prescribe recommend order set down farkındalık awareness consciousness realization mindfulness beklemedik unprecedented unforeseen unexpected unanticipated sağlamak supply with provide with give offer bulaşıcı infectious contagious catching transmissible communicable kötüleşmek worsen aggravate degenerate deteriorate get worse Meydana gelmek occur (v) happen take place arise come about iyileştirici therapeutic healing beneficial curative remedial farklılaşmak vary differ differentiate distinguish set apart

17 bulaştırmak infect pass on..to transmit... infection transmission nakletmek transplant transfer transport move replace aşmak outnumber outpace surpass exceed outrun bağımlılık addiction dependence habit attachment obsession Üstesinden gelmek overcome surmount get over beat defeat Yol, yöntem bitirmek aşama ilgili azaltmak means way method technique by means of deplete use up finish exhaust get through stage phase level period step associated with linked with related to connected to bound to reduce decrease cut down lessen mitigate minimize Kaygı, endişe Zararlı, tehlikeli Muayene bağışık yetersizlik worry tension apprehension distress nervousness fear hazardous harmful detrimental perilous dangerous examination investigation study prospection scrutiny survey immune resistant insusceptible unsusceptible not susceptible to immunity inability incapacity disability inefficiency inadequacy insufficiency Kusur, noksanlık disadvantage (n) drawback shortcoming weakness handicap set-back zararsız harmless benign Yan etki side effect adverse or unwanted secondary effect reaction secondary response iyileştirmek treat cure heal medicate rehabilitate relieve ameliorate yaşamak experience live face confront to be exposed to be subject to undergo

18 incelemek examine investigate go through check up scrutinize survey vet Besin gıda beslenme nutrition(n) food refreshment nourishment sustenance özellik feature characteristic quality property attribute trait specification Tedavi,çare cure healing medication medicine recovery remedy treatment therapy Anlama, algı perception understanding apprehension conception discernment grasp impression insight Tanı koymak, tanı Detection(n) discovery find finding detect(v) notice diagnose identify büyük massive huge vast immense giant enormous gigantic tremendous Yetersizlik, yetersiz Deficiency(n) inadequacy insufficiency absence of lack of deficit inadequate(adj) insufficient Sebep olmak trigger(v) cause lead to bring about give rise to result in produce generate Belirti, işaret symptom sign signal evidence indication indicator mark syndrome warning Süren, kalıcı chronic incessant never-ending constant continuous fixed incurable lifelong persistent Kalırtımsal, doğuştan hereditary inherited genetic congenital inborn maternal paternal innate inherent hastalık illness disease affliction ailment ill health infirmity malady sickness infection disorder Tedavi edilemez ölümcül incurable malignant cureless deadly fatal inoperable irrecoverable irremediable irreparable terminal Yetersiz beslenme Kötü beslenme malnutrition malnourishment