BIHAREAN BIOLOGIST 9 (2): Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2015 Article No.:

BIHAREAN BIOLOGIST 9 (2): 141-157 Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2015 Article No.: 151306 http://biozoojournals.ro/bihbiol/index.html Freshwater fishes of Turkey: a revised and updated annotated checklist Erdoğan ÇIÇEK 1, *, Sevil Sungur BIRECIKLIGIL 1 and Ronald FRICKE 2 1. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Biology, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey. E-mail: erdogancicek@yahoo.com; sevilsungur@nevsehir.edu.tr 2. Im Ramstal 76, 97922 Lauda-Königshofen, Germany, and Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. E-Mail: ronfricke@web.de *Corresponding author, E. Çiçek, E-mail: erdogancicek@yahoo.com Received: 24. August 2015 / Accepted: 16. October 2015 / Available online: 20. November 2015 / Printed: December 2015 Abstract. The current status of the inland waters ichthyofauna of Turkey is revised, and an updated checklist of the freshwater fishes is presented. A total of 368 fish species live in the inland waters of Turkey. Among these, 3 species are globally extinct, 5 species are extinct in Turkey, 28 species are non-native and 153 species are considered as endemic to Turkey. We recognise pronounced species richness and a high degree of endemism of the Turkish ichthyofauna (41.58%). Orders with the largest numbers of species in the ichthyofauna of Turkey are the Cypriniformes 247 species), Perciformes (43 species), Salmoniformes (21 species), Cyprinodontiformes (15 species), Siluriformes (10 species), Acipenseriformes (8 species) and Clupeiformes (8 species). At the family level, the Cyprinidae has the greatest number of species (188 species; 51.1% of the total species), followed by the Nemacheilidae (39), Salmonidae (21 species), Cobitidae (20 species), Gobiidae (18 species) and Cyprinodontidea (14 species). Key words: Freshwater ichthyofauna, Turkey, endemism, introduced, Anatolia. Introduction Turkey has a very rich freshwater fish fauna in terms of diversity and endemism and its ichthyofauna is characterized by unique elements of both European and Asian origin (Tarkan et al. 2015). The remarkable Turkish biota has interested foreign naturalists and scientists for a long time, with the first discussion of Turkey freshwater fishes dating back to Abbolt (1835). Studies, both formal and informal, during the following decades significantly increased the knowledge of the Turkish freshwater fish diversity. Research on the fish fauna of Turkey, including the descriptions of new fish species, was performed by foreign (mainly European) researchers including Güldenstädt, Heckel, Hanko, Berg, Ladiges (Heckel 1843, Hanko 1924, Berg 1962, Ladiges 1960, 1964, 1966). The outstanding work of Prof. Curt Kosswig from 1937 to 1955 resulted in an increase of fisheries research, together with an increasing awareness of fish taxonomy among Turkish researchers (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014). The first comprehensive book including identification keys on freshwater ichthyofauna of Turkey was published by Geldiay and Balık (1988). Subsequent editions were published in 1996, 1999, 2002, and in a revised edition in 2007 (Geldiay & Balık, 1996, 1999, 2002,. A total of 160 fish species listed living in both freshwaters and transitional water into Turkey with the knowledge on the ecology and distribution of the species. A first comprehensive checklist of Turkish freshwater fishes was published by Kuru (2004), and subsequently an Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species of Turkey (Fricke et al.. Kuru (2004) reviewed the literature published since 1856, and listed a total of 236 species and subspecies belonging to 26 families. Fricke et al. ( reported a total of 248 fish species (plus 13 introduced) occurring in freshwater, and 279 marine fish species (plus eight introduced) in transitional waters. Although there are quite a number of publications on the freshwater fish taxonomy, the data set for freshwater fish assemblages are still very poor. In this paper, we present an updated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Turkey based on previous checklists (Kuru 2004, Geldiay & Balık 2007, Fricke et al., new species records and briefly some of their taxonomic data. Nonetheless, the continuing description of new species of Turkey freshwater fishes makes it clear that the present checklist underestimates, perhaps to a significant degree, the actual richness of that freshwater ichthyofauna. The present study aims in representing the currently known diversity of the freshwater fishes of Turkey. Material and methods The species in the following list are compiled from two different sources of information. The data were cross-checked and supplemented by information of recent publications dealing with species present regarding the inland waters of Turkey and/or describing new species of fishes from Turkey. The previously published identification key of Geldiay & Balık (, and the checklists of Kuru (2004) and Fricke et al. (, are taken as a baseline. In addition, information on fish distribution in FishBase was evaluated (Froese & Pauly 2015). Additional fish records published during the last decade were added, and some questionably species appearing in previous checklists were evaluated, and either verified or excluded from the present list. We follow the family classification of Van der Laan et al. (2015), with orders, families and subfamilies arranged systematically, but genera and species alphabetically within each family/subfamily. The actual taxonomic status of the species follows Eschmeyer and Fricke (2015) unless mentioned otherwise. English names of fish follow Fricke et al. ( and Froese & Pauly (2015), most of the Turkish names of fish follow Geldiay & Balık (. In the present checklist, we include only those groups of fishes which spend some parts of their life or their entire life cycles in freshwater habitats, including some marine species entering freshwater habitats during part of their life cycle. Consequently, we exclude the various species that only occur in transitional water. Some species are excluded from the checklist because (1) they are marine species that do not occur in freshwater habitats, (2) they were erroneously identified, (3) taxa were synonymized and (4) they were probably not occurring in inland waters of Turkey. Such questionable species are to be excluded from the list unless their occurrence can be proven. Results The present checklist includes 368 species (plus 10 question-

142 able species) of fishes as inhabiting freshwater systems in Turkey, with these species distributed across 2 classes, 16 orders and 31 families (Table 1). Dominant in the overall fish fauna is the order Cypriniformes with 247 species or 67.1% of the total fauna follows Perciformes with 43 species (11.7% of total). Other orders with noteworthy numbers of species are the Salmoniformes (21 species), Cyprinodontiformes (15 species) and Siluriformes (10 species). The families with the highest species numbers are the Cyprinidae (188 species, 51.1% of the total species), Nemacheliidae (39 species), Salmonidae (21 species), Cobitidae (20 species), Gobiidae (18 species) and Cyprinodontidea (14 species). In the checklist, 8 species of extinct freshwater fishes are listed, including 5 species which are extinct in Turkish inland waters, and 3 globally extinct species. A total of 153 species (41.58% of total fish species) is endemic in Turkish freshwater habitats. A total of 28 species (7.61% of the total freshwater fish fauna) consists of non-native, introduced species. More than 40 marine fish species can be found more or less upper parts of the river and/or stay there for a long time listed in this checklist. These fishes are usually entered and stay in brackish water habitats (coastal lagoons, estuary etc. and even reach upper parts of rivers) for feeding. Updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Turkey given below as following order: Species name (Author) [Occurrence], English Name/Turkish Name/Distribution. (References) Remarks List of abbreviations in term of occurrence of fish species are: [N] = Native species, [E] = Endemic to Turkey, [I] = Introduced, [LI] = Lessepsian fish species, [ExT] = Extinct in Turkey, [Ex] = Globally extinct Class PETROMYZONTI Order PETROMYZONTIFORMES Family PETROMYZONTIDAE Caspiomyzon wagneri (Kessler, 1870) [ExT], Caspian lampreys/-/kura-aras River Basin. (Fricke et al.. Recorded from Kura River by Berg (1911: 21). Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg, 1931) [N], Ukrainian brook lamprey/nehir dokuzgözlüsü/black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Fricke et al.. Treated as Eudontomyzon sp. by Kottelat & Freyhof (. Lampetra lanceolata Kux & Steiner, 1972 [E], Turkish brook lamprey/türkiye dokuzgözlüsü/black Sea watersheds. Previous records of Lampetra fluviatilis by authors based on this species. Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758 [N], Sea lamprey/derebofa balığı/all coasts of Anatolian watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Çevik et al. 2010, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Class ACTINOPTERI Order ACIPENSERIFORMES Family ACIPENSERIDAE Acipenser colchicus Marti, 1940 [N], Danube sturgeon/mersin balığı/black Sea watersheds. (Kottelat & Freyhof Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833 [N], E. Çiçek et al. Table 1. Number of families/subfamilies and species in each order and families/subfamilies of fishes present in the freshwaters of Turkey. Taxa # Families % # Species % Petromyzonti Petromyzontiformes 1 3.2 4 1.1 Petromyzontidae 4 1.1 Actinopteri Acipenseriformes 1 3.2 8 2.2 Acipenseridae 8 2.2 Anguilliformes 1 3.2 1 0.3 Anguillidae 1 0.3 Clupeiformes 1 3.2 8 2.2 Clupeidae 8 2.2 Cypriniformes 3 9.7 247 67.1 Cyprinidae 188 51.1 Cobitidae 20 5.4 Nemacheilidae 39 10.6 Characiformes 1 3.2 1 0.3 Serrasalmidae 1 0.3 Siluriformes 6 19.4 10 2.7 Bagridae 1 0.3 Siluridae 2 0.5 Sisoridae 4 1.1 Clariidae 1 0.3 Heteropneustidae 1 0.3 Loricariidae 1 0.3 Esociformes 1 3.2 1 0.3 Esocidae 1 0.3 Salmoniformes 1 3.2 21 5.8 Salmonidae 21 5.8 Atheriniformes 1 3.2 2 0.5 Atherinidae 2 0.5 Cyprinodontiformes 2 6.5 15 4.1 Poeciliidae 1 0.3 Cyprinodontidae 14 3.8 Gasterosteiformes 1 3.2 2 0.5 Gasterosteidae 2 0.5 Syngnathiformes 1 3.2 2 0.5 Syngnathidae 2 0.5 Synbranchiformes 1 3.2 1 0.3 Mastacembelidae 1 0.3 Perciformes 7 22.6 43 11.7 Moronidae 3 0.8 Centrarchidae 1 0.3 Percidae 4 1.1 Mugilidae 9 2.5 Cichlidae 6 1.6 Blenniidae 2 0.5 Gobiidae 18 4.9 Pleuronectiformes 2 6.5 2 0.5 Scophthalmidae 1 0.3 Pleuronectidae 1 0.3 Total 31 368 Russian sturgeon/rus Mersin balığı/black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828 [N], Fringebarbel sturgeon/sip balığı/black Sea watersheds. (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014)

Freshwater fishes of Turkey 143 Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 [ExT], Persian sturgeon/iran mersini/kura-aras river Basin. (Bat et al. 2005, Fricke et al. Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 [N], Sterlet/Çuka balığı/black Sea watersheds. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771 [N], Starry sturgeon/kılıç burunlu mersin balığı/mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara and Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 [ExT], Sturgeon/Kolan balığı/aegean, Marmara and Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Beluga/Mersin morinası/aegean, Marmara and Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Order ANGUILLIFORMES Family ANGUILLIDAE Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], European eel/yılan balığı/all coasts of Anatolian watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Order CLUPEIFORMES Family CLUPEIDAE Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838) [ExT], Caspian shad/hazer ringası/kura-aras River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) [N], Italian shad/tirsi balığı/all coasts of Anatolian watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007, Fricke et al.. Previous records of Alosa agone (non Scopoli 1786) were based on this species. Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835 [N], Pontic shad, spotless shad/ringa balığı, tirsi balığı/black Sea watersheds. (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Alosa maeotica (Grimm, 1901) [N], Black sea shad/ringa balığı/black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Alosa tanaica (Grimm, 1901) [N], Azov shad/tirsi balığı/black Sea and Sea of Marmara watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordman, 1840) [N], Black Sea sprat/tülka balığı/black Sea and Sea of Marmara watersheds. (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Clupeonella muhlisi Neu, 1934 [E], Marmara sprat, Apolyont sprat/cüce ringa, filisa balığı/apolyont Lake. Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], European sprat/çaça, papalina, papatika, platika/all coasts of Anatolian watersheds. (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007 Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014). Species entering freshwater habitats in lower reaches of rivers. Order CYPRINIFORMES Family CYPRINIDAE Capoeta angorae (Hankó, 1925) [E], Ankara barb/siraz balığı/anatolian Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Fricke et al. Capoeta antalyensis (Battalgil, 1944) [E], Antalya barb/siraz balığı/antalya Bay watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Capoeta baliki Turan, Kottelat, Ekmekçi & Imamoğlu, 2006 [E], Sakarya barb/siraz balığı/western Anatolian Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Fricke et al. Capoeta banarescui Turan, Kottelat, Ekmekçi & Imamoğlu, 2006 [E], Banarescu s barb/siraz balığı/çoruh River, northeastern Black Sea. (Fricke et al. Capoeta barroisi Lortet, 1894 [N], Tigris barb/siraz balığı/orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Capoeta bergamae Karaman, 1969 [E], Bergama barb/siraz balığı/aegean Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Capoeta caelestis Schöter, Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2009 [E], Taurus scraper/siraz balığı/göksu drainage in southern Anatolia. (Schöter et al. 2009) Capoeta capoeta (Güldenstädt, 1773) [N], Transcaucasian barb/siraz balığı, aptalca/aras River Basin, Eastern Anatolia. Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842) [N], Mesopotamian barb/kara balığı/southeastern Anatolia. (Fricke et al. Capoeta ekmekciae Turan, Kottelat, Kirankaya, Engin, 2006 [E], Grusinian scraper/siraz balığı/çoruh River, eastern Black Sea watersheds. (Fricke et al. Capoeta erhani Turan, Kottelat & Ekmekçi, 2008 [E], Ceyhan scraper/siraz balığı/ceyhan River. (Turan et al. 2008a) Capoeta kosswigi Karaman, 1969 [E], Van barb/siraz balığı/van Lake Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Fricke et al. Capoeta mauricii Küçük, Turan, Şahin & Gülle, 2009 [E], Longsnout scraper/siraz balığı/lake Beyşehir. (Küçük et al. 2009) Capoeta pestai (Pietschmann, 1933) [E], Eğirdir barb/siraz balığı/central Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Fricke et al. Capoeta sieboldii (Steindachner, 1864) [N], Colchic khramulya/siraz balığı/black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Capoeta tinca (Heckel, 1843) [E], Anatolian khramulya/kara balığı, Siraz balığı/black Sea watersheds. Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) [N], Trout barb/kara balığı, lekeli siraz balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. Capoeta turani Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2008 [E], Seyhan scraper/siraz balığı/seyhan River drainage, southern Anatolia. (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008a) Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) [N], Tigris scraper/siraz balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004) Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843 [N], Kais kingfish/-/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843 [N], Tigris kingfish/beni balığı/southeastern Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al.

144 Hemigrammocapoeta culiciphaga Pellegrin, 1927 [N], Red stripe barb/-/seyhan, Ceyhan and Orontes river basins (Pellegrin 1927). Previously misidentified as H. nana (non Heckel, 1843) by authors. Hemigrammocapoeta kemali (Hankó, 1925) [E], Ereğli minnow/-/konya, central Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Leucalburnus satunini (Berg, 1910) [N], White Kura bleak/- /Kura Rives Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Subfamily ACHEILOGNATHINAE Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) [N], European bitterling/acıbalık/northwestern Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Subfamily CYPRININAE Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843) [N], Shabout/Şaput, şabot /Euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Barbus bergi Chichkoff, 1935 [N], -/-/European Black Sea watersheds. (Fricke et al. 2007 as Barbus barbus (non Linnaeus, 1758), Kottelat & Freyhof Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1839 [N], Round-scaled barbell/bıyıklı balık/aegean Sea watersheds. (Fricke et al. Barbus cyri De Filippi, 1865 [N], Barbell/Bıyıklı balık/kura-aras River Basin. (Levin et al. 2012) Barbus ercisianus Karaman, 1971 [E], Ercis barbell/bıyıklı balık/van Lake Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843 [N], Kura barbell/bıyıklı balık/eastern Anatolia, Tigris River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Barbus lorteti Sauvage, 1882 [E], Lortet s barbell/maya balığı/orontes River, Hatay. (Fricke et al. Barbus niluferensis Turan, Kottelat & Ekmekçi, 2009 [E], Simav Barbel/-/Nilufer River, Bursa. (Turan et al. 2009a) Barbus oligolepis Battalgil, 1941 [E], Marmara barbel/- /Southern coast of Marmara Seawatersheds. (Turan et al. 2009a) Barbus pergamonensis Karaman, 1971 [E], Bergama barbell/-/bakır and Büyük Menderes rivers. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007 as Barbus cyclolepis in part) Barbus tauricus Kessler, 1877 [N], Crimean barbell/-/black Sea watersheds. (Fricke et al. Carasobarbus chantrei (Sauvage, 1882) [N], Antakya barbell/bıyıklı balık/orontes river Basin. (Fricke et al. Carasobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960) [N], Kosswig s barb/-/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Borkenhagen & Krupp 2013) Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843) [N], Yellow barbell/bizir/southeastern Turkey. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) [I], Gold fish/kırmızı havuz balığı/widespread other parts of Anatolia. (Fricke et al. Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) [I], Prussian carp/havuz balığı/widespread other parts of Anatolia. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al.. The species was introduced into Eğirdir Gölü and Beyşehir Gölü (Innal & Erk'akan 2006). Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) [I], Gibel carp/çin E. Çiçek et al. sazanı/widespread other parts of Anatolia. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al.. May be conspecific with Carassius auratus (Fricke et al.. Crossocheilus caudomaculatus (Battalgil, 1942) [Ex], Antakya minnow/lekelisaz balığı/amik Lake, Orontes River Basin. (Fricke et al. Crossocheilus klatti (Kosswig, 1950) [E], Isparta minnow/saz balığı/eğirdir and Gölcük Lakes, central Anatolia. (Fricke et al. Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 [N], Common carp/sazan balığı/widespread other parts of Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) [N], Red garra/yağlı balığı/ Euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Garra variabilis (Heckel, 1843) [N], Variable garra/yapışkan balığı/southeastern Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Luciobarbus barbulus Heckel, 1847 [N], Barbell/Bıyıklı balık/ Quwayq, Euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Fricke et al. Luciobarbus capito (Güldenstädt, 1773) [N], Bulatamai barbell/bıyıklı balık/kura-aras River basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Luciobarbus caspius (Berg, 1914) [N], Caspian barbell/- /Kura-Aras River Basin. (Fricke et al. Luciobarbus escherichii Steindachner, 1897 [E], Ankara barbell/bıyıklı balık/northern and western Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843 [N], Pike barbell/cero/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Luciobarbus kersin (Heckel, 1843) [N], Kersin barbell/kersin balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Fricke et al. Luciobarbus kosswigi (Karaman, 1971) [N], Kosswig s barbell/-/tigris watershed, Hakkari. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Luciobarbus kottelati Turan, Ekmekçi, Ilhan & Engin, 2008 [E], Menderes barbel/-/river Büyük Menderes, Agean Sea drainage. (Turan et al. 2008b) Luciobarbus lydianus (Boulenger, 1896) [E], Lydian barbel/- /Aegean and Marmara Sea watersheds. (Turan et al. 2008b) Luciobarbus mursa (Güldenstädt, 1773) [N], Mursa/Murzu/Kura-Aras River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Luciobarbus mystaceus (Pallas, 1814) [N], Euphrates barbell/maya balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Turan et al. 2008b) Name treated as available by Eschmeyer and Fricke (2015) Luciobarbus pectoralis (Heckel, 1843) [N], Heckel s Orontes barbell/bıyıklı balık/orontes and some eastern Mediterranean watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Luciobarbus subquincunciatus (Günther, 1868) [N], Mesopotamian barbell/bıyıklı balık/euphrates and Tigris river basins. Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843 [N], Yellowfin barbell/maya balığı/orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river basins. Schizothorax prophylax Pietschmann, 1933 [E], Eğirdir

Freshwater fishes of Turkey 145 marinka/-/eğirdir Gölü. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Subfamily TINCINAE Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Tench/Kadife balığı/european Black Sea watersheds and widespread some parts of Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Subfamily XENOCYPRIDINAE Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) [I], Grass carp/ot sazanı/introduced some parts of Turkey for aquatic vegetation control. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) [I], Silver carp/-/species has been producing in hatcheries for stocking inland waters. (Innal, 2012, Tarkan et al. 2015) Subfamily GOBIONINAE Gobio battalgilae Naseka, Erk akan & Küçük, 2006 [N], Eyilikler gudgeon/-/beyşehir Lakewatersheds. (Naseka et al. 2006) Gobio bulgaricus Drensky, 1926 [N], -/-/European Aegean Sea watersheds. (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007, Turan et al. 2012a) Gobio gymnostethus Ladiges, 1960 [E], Cappadocian gudgeon/derekayası/eastern Lake Tuz Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004) Gobio hettitorum Ladiges, 1960 [E], Anatolian gudgeon/derekayası balığı/gökdere watersheds, around Karaman, Southern Lake Tuz Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Gobio insuyanus Ladiges, 1960 [N], Cihanbeyli gudgeon/derekayası/western Lake Tuz Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Gobio intermedius Battalgil, 1944 [N], Eber gudgeon/derekayası/aksehir and Eber lakes, central Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004) Gobio kovatschevi Chichkoff, 1937 [N], Varna gudgeon/- /European Black Sea watersheds (Tural et al. 2012a). Gobio maeandricus Naseka, Erk akan & Küçük, 2006 [N], Işıklı gudgeon/-/büyük Menderes River Basin. (Naseka et al. 2006) Gobio microlepidotus Battalgil, 1942 [E], Beyşehir gudgeon/yağlıca, derekayası/beysehirlake. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Gobio sakaryaensis Turan, Ekmekçi, Luskova & Mendel, 2012 [E], Sakarya Gudgeon/-/Tozman Stream and Sakarya River. (Turan et al. 2012a) Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) [I], Stone moroko/-/widespread many reseviors in Turkey. Romanogobio macropterus (Kamensky, 1901) [N], South Caucasian gudgeon/-/black Sea watersheds. (Naseka & Freyhof 2004) Subfamily LEUCISCINAE Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Freshwater bream/çapak balığı, tahta balığı/marmara, Aegean, Black Sea watersheds and Kura-Aras River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Acanthobrama centisquama Heckel, 1843 [N], Orontes bream/-/orontes River Basin. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843 [N], Tigris bream/akçapak balığı/euphrates, Tigris and Orontes river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Küçük et al. 2014) Acanthobrama microlepis (De Filippi, 1863) [N], Blackbrow bleak/inci balığı/kura-aras River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Küçük et al. 2014) Acanthobrama orontis Berg, 1949 [E], -/-/Ceyhan and Orontes river basins. (Küçük et al. 2014, Freyhof & Özuluğ 2014). Acanthobrama thisbeae Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2014 [E], -/- /Ceyhan and Orontes river basins. (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2014). Reported as Acanthobrama tricolor by previous authors. Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) [N], Schneider/Noktalı inci balığı/all Anatolia except south western Anatolia-Mediterranean region. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnoides eichwaldii (De Filippi, 1863) [N], Kura chub/noktalı inci balığı/kura-aras River Basin. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnoides emineae Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan, 2014 [E], Beyazsu chub/-/beyazsu Stream, drainage of Euphrates River. (Turan et al. 2014a) Alburnoides fasciatus (Nordmann, 1840) [N], Transcaucasian spirlin/-/northeastern Anatolia. (Kuru 2004) Alburnoides manyasensis Turan, Ekmekçi, Kaya & Güçlü, 2013 [E], Manyas spirlin/-/koca Stream, drainage of Lake Manyas. (Turan et al. 2013b) Alburnoides recepi Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan, 2014 [E], Recep's chub/-/merzimen Stream, drainage of Euphrates River. (Turan et al. 2014a) Alburnoides velioglui Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan, 2014 [E], Velioglu's chub/-/northern Euphrates drainage. (Turan et al. 2014a) Alburnus adanensis Battalgazi, 1944 [E], Adana bleak/inci balığı/seyhan and Ceyhan river basins. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus akili Battalgil, 1942 [Ex], Beysehir bleak/gövce/beysehir Lake, Central Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Bleak/Inci balığı/marmara Basin, northwestern Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus attalus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2007 [E], Bakır shemaya/-/drainage of Bakır River, western Anatolia, Aegean Region. (Özuluğ & Freyhof Alburnus baliki Bogutskaya, Küçük & Ünlü, 2000 [E], Antalya bleak/inci balığı/manavgat River, Antalya. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus battalgilae Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2007 [E], Gediz shemaya/inci balığı/drainage of Gediz River. (Özuluğ & Freyhof Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843 [N], Tigris bleak/inci balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus carinatus Battalgil, 1941 [E], Manyas shemaya/inci balığı/manyas and Apolyont (Uluabat) Lakes. (Freyhof & Kottelat Alburnus demiri Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2008 [E], Eastern Aegean bleak/inci balığı/western Anatolia. (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008b) Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstadt, 1772) [N], Caspian she-

146 maya/tatlısu kolyoz balığı/black Sea and Caspian Sea watersheds of Anatolia, introduced many lakes in Anatolia. Alburnus derjugini Berg, 1923 [N], Georgian shemaya/inci balığı/harşit River, Giresun. (Kottelat & Freyhof Alburnus escherichii Steindachner, 1897 [E], North Caucasian bleak/inci balığı/sakarya and Kızılırmak river basins. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus filippii Kessler, 1877 [N], Kura bleak/inci balığı/kura-aras River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus heckeli Battalgil, 1944 [E], Hazar bleak/hazar inci balığı/hazar Lake. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus hohenackeri Kessler, 1877 [N], Transcaucasian bleak/inci balığı/kura-aras River Basin. (Fricke et al. Alburnus istanbulensis Battalgil, 1941 [E], Thracian shemaya/inci balığı/northwestern Anatolia. (Özuluğ & Freyhof Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner, 1863 [E], Arsuz bleak/inci balığı/arsuz Creek, Iskenderun Bay watershed. (Fricke et al. Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 [N], Mossul bleak/tatlı su gümüş balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. Alburnus nasreddini Battalgil, 1944 [E], Eber bleak/inci balığı/eber Gölü, Afyonkarahisar. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus nicaeensis Battalgil, 1941 [E], Iznik shemaya/inci balığı/iznik Lake. (Freyhof & Kottelat Alburnus orontis Sauvage, 1882 [N], Orontes bleak/anadolu inci balığı/orontes River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus schischkovi (Drensky, 1943) [N], Black Sea bleak/- /European Black Sea watersheds (Kottelat & Freyhof Alburnus selcuklui Elp, Şen & Özuluğ, 2015 [E], Selcuk shemaya/-/tigris River system. (Elp et al. 2015) Alburnus sellal Heckel, 1843 [N], Sellal bleak/gümüş balığı/orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) [E], Van bleak/inci kefali/van Lake Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Alburnus timarensis Kuru, 1980 [E], Karasu Sha Kuli/Inci kefali/karasu Stream, Van Lake Basin. (Kuru 2004, Elp et al. 2013) Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], White bream/tahta balığı/marmara, Aegean and Black Sea watersheds, Kura- Aras River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Chondrostoma angorense Elvira, 1987 [E], Ankara nase/- /Sakarya and Kızılırmak river watersheds. (Fricke et al. Chondrostoma beysehirense Bogutskaya, 1997 [E], Beysehir nase/-/beyşehir Lake. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin, 1899 [N], Colchic nase/kababurun balığı/black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Chondrostoma cyri Kessler, 1877 [N], Kura nase/-/kura- E. Çiçek et al. Aras River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007 as Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum) Chondrostoma fahirae (Ladiges, 1960) [E], Tefenni minnow/incilevrek balığı/burdur, Antalya, Muğla provinces. (Fricke et al. Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger, 1896) [E], Izmir nase/-/aegean Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp, 1985 [N], Orontes nase/- /Orontes River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Chondrostoma meandrense Elvira, 1987 [E], Menderes nase/-/büyük Menderes River Basin. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Sneep/Kababurun balığı, çime, kızılkanat/western Anatolia. Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) [N], King Nase/Kababurun balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. Chondrostoma vardarense Karaman, 1928 [N], Vardar nase/-/european Aegean Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Ladigesocypris ghigii (Gianferrari, 1927) [E], Rhodes minnow/-/southwestern Anatolia. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Ladigesocypris mermere (Ladiges, 1960) [E], Izmir minnow/-/gediz River. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) [N], Belica/- /European Black Sea watersheds. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Asp/Kocaağız balığı/european Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Ide/-/European Black Sea watersheds. (Fricke et al. Leuciscus vorax (Heckel, 1843) [N], Tigris asp/sis balığı/orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Petroleuciscus kurui (Bogutskaya, 1995) [E], Tigris chub/tatlısu kefali/tigris River basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus (Boulenger, 1896) [E], Izmir chub/-/aegean Sea watersheds. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Eurasian minnow/ot balığı/northwestern Anatolia. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Phoxinus strandjae Drensky, 1926 [N], Bulgarian minnow/- /European Black Sea watersheds. (Saç & Özuluğ 2015) Pseudophoxinus alii Küçük, 2007 [E], Pamphylian spring minnow/-/antalya region. (Küçük Pseudophoxinus anatolicus (Hankó, 1925) [E], Anatolian minnow/yağ balığı/beyşehir Gölü, Akgöl and Tuz Gölü. Pseudophoxinus antalyae Bogutskaya, 1992 [E], Antalya minnow/-/kirkgöz Stream and Köprü Çayı, Antalya. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Pseudophoxinus battalgilae Bogutskaya, 1997 [E], Beysehir minnow/-/beyşehir Lake watersheds. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al.

Freshwater fishes of Turkey 147 Pseudophoxinus burduricus Küçük, Gülle, Güçlü, Çiftçi & Erdoğan, 2013 [E], Burdur spring minnow/-/burdur Lakewatersheds. (Küçük et al. 2013) Pseudophoxinus caralis (Battalgil, 1942) [E], Beyşehir minnow/-/beyşehir Lake. (Bogustkaya et al. 2006) Pseudophoxinus crassus(ladiges, 1960) [E], Fat spring minnow/-/eastern tributaries of Tuz Lake. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Pseudophoxinus egridiri (Karaman, 1972) [E], Eğirdir minnow/yağ balığı/eğirdir Lake. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Pseudophoxinus elizavetae Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2006 [E], Sultan Sazlığı minnow/-/sultan Sazlığı wetlant, Kayseri. (Bogustkaya et al. 2006) Pseudophoxinus evliyae Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2010 [E], Lycian spring minnow/-/western Anatolia. (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010a) Pseudophoxinus fahrettini Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2010 [E], Pisidian spring minnow/-/köprü River drainage, central Anatolia. (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010b) Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2006 [E], Euphrates spring minnow/-/euphrates River drainage. (Bogustkaya et al. 2006) Pseudophoxinus handlirschi (Pietschmann, 1933) [Ex], Handlirsch s minnow/kavinne/eğirdir Lake. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Pseudophoxinus hittitorum Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2010 [E], Hittitic spring minnow/-/beyşehir Lake. (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010c) Pseudophoxinus kervillei (Pellegrin, 1911) [N], Orontes minnow/ot balığı/orontes River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Pseudophoxinus maeandri (Ladiges, 1960) [E], Apamean spring minnow/-/upper Büyük Menderes drainage. Pseudophoxinus maeandricus (Ladiges, 1960) [E], Menderes brook minnow/ot balığı/büyük Menderes River watershed, Hotamis Lake, Aksaray and Nigde. (Kuru 2004) Pseudophoxinus ninae Freyhof & Özulug, 2006 [E], Onaç spring minnow/-/onaç drainage, central Anatolia. (Freyhof & Özulug 2006) Pseudophoxinus turani Küçük & Güçlü, 2014 [N], Turan's minnow/-/orontes River drainage. (Küçük & Güçlü 2014) Pseudophoxinus zekayi Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2006 [E], Ceyhan spring minnow/-/ceyhan River Basin. (Bogustkaya et al. 2006) Pseudophoxinus zeregi (Heckel, 1843) [N], Orontes phoxinellus/incilevrek balığı/orontes Rives Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Fricke et al. Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) [N], Kutum/Levkit balığı/black Sea and Sea of Marmara watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Roach/Kızılgöz balığı/european Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Scardinius elmaliensis Bogutskaya, 1997 [E], Antalya rudd/-/kara Lake, Antalya. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Rudd/Kızılkanat/European Black Sea watersheds. Squalius adanaensis Turan, Kottelat & Doğan, 2013 [E], Adana chub/-/seyhan River Basin. (Turan et al. 2013a) Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya, 1997) [E], Beysehir dace/- /Beyşehir Lake. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Squalius aristotelis Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011 [E], Tuzla chub/-/western Anatolia. (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011a) Squalius berak Heckel, 1843 [N], Mesopotamian chub/- /Lower Euphrates River Basin. (Turan et al. 2013a) Squalius borysthenicus (Kessler, 1859) [N], Dnjepr chub/tatlısu kefalı/black Sea and Sea of Marmara watersheds. Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011 [E], Cappadocian chub/-/melendiz River in Lake Tuz Basin. (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011a) Squalius carinus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011 [E], Chocolate chub/-/isikli Lake watersheds. (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011a) Squalius cephaloides (Battalgil, 1942) [E], Thick lipped chub/-/northern Armutlu Peninsula. (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011a) Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], European chub/tatlısu kefalı/western Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Squalius cii (Richardson, 1857) [N], European chub/tatlısu kefalı/northwestern Anatolian watersheds. (Stoumboudi et al. 2006) Squalius fellowesii (Günther, 1868) [E], Aegean chub/- /Southwestern Anatolia. (Turan et al. 2009b) Squalius kosswigi (Karaman, 1972) [E], -/-/Tahtalı River, İzmir. (Turan et al. 2009b) Squalius kottelati Turan, Yilmaz & Kaya, 2009 [E], Striped chub/-/orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Turan et al. 2009b) Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843 [N], Tigris dace/akbalık/orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river basins. Squalius orientalis (Nordmann 1840) [N], Dace/-/Eastern Anatolia, Aras River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık Squalius orpheus Kottelat & Economidis, 2006 [N], Orpheus dace/-/european Black Sea watersheds. (Kottelat & Economidis 2006) Squalius pursakensis (Hankó, 1925) [E], Sakarya chub/- /Sakarya River Basin. (Turan et al. 2009b) Squalius recurvirostris Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011 [E], Akşehir chub/-/eber, Aksehir and Ilgın Lakes watersheds. (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011a) Squalius seyhanensis Turan, Kottelat & Doğan, 2013 [E], Seyhan dace/-/zamantı Stream, upper Seyhan River Basin. (Turan et al. 2013a) Squalius spurius Heckel, 1843 [N], Orontes dace/-/orontes River Basin. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Squalius turcicus De Filippi, 1865 [E], Transcaucasian chub/-/kura-aras River Basin. (Doadrio & Carmona 2006) Vimba melanops (Heckel, 1839) [N], Macedonian vimba/- /Northwestern Anatolia. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Vimba mirabilis (Ladiges, 1960) [E], Menderes bream/ulubat balığı/büyük Menderes River Basin. Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Baltic vimba/eğrez, karaburun balığı/european Black Sea watersheds. Subfamily DANIONINAE Barilius mesopotamicus Berg, 1932 [N], Mesopotamian

148 minnow/-/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Family COBITIDAE Subfamily COBITINAE Cobitis battalgili Bacescu, 1962 [E], Battalgil spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/southwestern part of central Anatolia. (Erk akan & Özdemir 2014) Cobitis bilseli Battalgil, 1942 [E], Beysehir spined loach/koca taşyiyen balığı/beyşehir Lake, southwestern part of central Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Cobitis damlae Erk akan & Özdemir, 2014 [E], Dalaman spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/dalaman River drainage, Burdur. (Erk akan & Özdemir 2014) Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988 [N], Tigris spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Cobitis evreni Erk akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008 [E], Ceyhan spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/kömür Stream, upper Ceyhan River Basin. (Erk akan et al. 2008a) Cobitis fahirae Erk akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 [E], Küçük Menderes spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/aegean Sea watersheds. (Erk akan et al., 1998; Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Cobitis kellei Erk akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 [E], Göksü spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/göksü watershed, Tigris River Basin. (Erk akan et al., 1998; Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed, 1992 [N], Orontes spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/orontes River Basin. Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944 [E], Aci spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/acigöl, Burdur, Salda and Sögüt lakes watersheds, Burdur. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2006 [N], Pontic spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/european Black Sea, Sea of Marmara watersheds. (Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2006, Kottelat & Freyhof Cobitis puncticulata Erk akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 [E], Spotted spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/kuş Lake, Balıkesir. (Erk akan et al., 1998; Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Cobitis simplicispina Hankó, 1925 [E], Sakarya spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/some tributaries of Sakarya River Basin, western parts of central Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Cobitis splendens Erk akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 [E], Splendid spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/western Black Sea coastal watersheds of Anatolia. (Erk akan et al., 1998; Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955 [N], Bulgarian spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/european Black Sea watersheds. Cobitis turcica Hankó, 1925 [N], Turkish spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/central Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Cobitis vardarensis Karaman, 1928 [N], Vardar spined loach/taşyiyen balığı/iznik Lake and European Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Weatherfish/- E. Çiçek et al. /European Black Sea watersheds. (Fricke et al. Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863) [N], Golden spined loach/taşyiyen/kura-aras River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922) [N], Balcan spined loach/-/european Black Sea watersheds. (Fricke et al. Treated as Sabanejewia aurata by authors (e.g. Nalbant & Bianco 1998) Sabanejewia caspia (Eichwald, 1838) [N], Caspian spined loach/-/kura-aras River Basin. (Fricke et al. Family NEMACHEILIDAE Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758) [N], Stone loach/- /Black Sea watersheds. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Oxynoemacheilus anatolicus Erk akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008 [E], Burdur loach/-/inlet of Karamanli Dam Lake, Burdur. (Erk akan et al. 2008b) Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner, 1897) [N], Angora loach/çamur balığı/central, northern and eastern Anatolia. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Oxynoemacheilus araxensis (Banarescu & Nalbant, 1978) [E], Aras loach/-/kura-aras, Tigris and Euphrates rivers basins. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel, 1847) [N], Two spot loach/çöpçü balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Kuru 2004) Oxynoemacheilus atili Erk akan, 2012 [E], Lake Beysehir loach/ Çöpçü balığı/eflatun Pınarı, Beysehir Lake. (Erk akan 2012) Oxynoemacheilus banarescui (Delmastro, 1982) [E], Paphlagonian sportive loach/-/central Black Sea watersheds. (Kuru 2004) Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler, 1877) [N], Kura loach/çöpçü balığı/kura River Basin. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Oxynoemacheilus bureschi (Drensky, 1928) [N], Bulgarian stone loach/çöpçü balığı/black Sea watersheds. (Fricke et al. Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis (Erk akan, Nalbant & Özeren, [E], Elbistan loach/çöpçü balığı/ceyhan River Basin. (Erk akan et al. Oxynoemacheilus cinicus (Erk akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007 [E], -/Çöpçü balığı/cin Stream, Kütahya to Denizli. (Erk akan et al. Oxynoemacheilus cyri (Berg, 1910) [E], Göle loach/çöpçü balığı/upper Kura River Basin. (Fricke et al. Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus (Erk akan & Kuru, 1986) [E], Van loach/çöpçü balığı/van Lake Basin. (Freyhof et al. 2011, Kottelat 2012) Oxynoemacheilus erdali (Erk akan, Nalbant & Özeren, [E], -/Çöpçü balığı/murat River, Tigris River Basin. (Erk akan et al. Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis (Banarescu & Nalbant, 1978) [E], Central Anatolian loach/çöpçü balığı/eregli, Konya. (Kuru 2004) Oxynoemacheilus evreni (Erk akan, Nalbant & Özeren, [E], Ceyhan sportive loach/çöpçü balığı/tekir stream, Ceyhan River Basin. (Erk akan et al. Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel, 1843) [N], Banded Tigris loach/çöpçü balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Oxynoemacheilus germencicus (Erk akan, Nalbant & Öz

Freshwater fishes of Turkey 149 eren, [E], Carian loach/çöpçü balığı/germencik, Aydın. (Erk akan et al. Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843) [N], Syrian loach/çöpçü balığı/sünnep Creek, Kilis. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki Erk akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008 [E], Melid loach/çöpçü balığı/göksu River, Euphrates River Basin drainage. (Erk akan et al. 2008b) Oxynoemacheilus kosswigi (Erk akan & Kuru, 1986) [E], Paphlagonian loach/çöpçü balığı/yildizeli Stream, Sivas. (Erk akan & Kuru, 1986) Oxynoemacheilus mediterraneus (Erk akan, Nalbant & Özeren, [E], Pamphylian loach/çöpçü balığı/madenli- Aksu Stream, Egirdir, Isparta. (Erk akan et al. Oxynoemacheilus mesudae Erk akan, 2012 [E], Isiki loach/çöpçü balığı/aegean Sea watersheds. (Erk akan, 2012) Oxynoemacheilus namiri (Krupp & Schneider 1991)[E], Levantine loach/çöpçü balığı/orontes River Basin. (Birecikligil & Çiçek 2011) Oxynoemacheilus panthera (Heckel, 1843) [N], Tiger loach/çöpçü balığı/eastern Anatolia. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Oxynoemacheilus paucilepis (Erk akan, Nalbant & Özeren, [E], Mancilik dwarf loach/çöpçü balığı/mancilik Stream, Sivas. (Erk akan et al. Oxynoemacheilus phoxinoides (Erk akan, Nalbant & Özeren, [E], Iznik loach/çöpçü balığı/iznik. (Erk akan et al. Oxynoemacheilus samanticus (Banarescu & Nalbant, 1978) [E], Kizilirmak sportive loach/çöpçü balığı/lower Euphrates River Basin. (Kuru 2004) Oxynoemacheilus seyhanensis (Banarescu, 1968) [E], Samanti loach/çöpçü balığı/upper Seyhan River Basin. (Kottelat 2012) Oxynoemacheilus seyhanicola (Erk akan, Nalbant & Özeren, [E], Cilician loach/çöpçü balığı/seyhan River Basin. (Erk akan et al. Oxynoemacheilus simavicus (Balik & Banarescu, 1978) [E], Simav loach/çöpçü balığı/simav, Kütahya. (Kuru 2004) Oxynoemacheilus theophilii Stoumboudi, Kottelat & Barbieri 2006 [N], -/Çöpçü balığı/madra Creek, Bergama, Izmir. (Erk akan et al. 2007, Kottelat 2012) Oxynoemacheilus tigris (Heckel, 1843) [N] Tigris loach/çöpçü balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins and eastern Mediterranean watersheds. (Kuru 2004) Paracobitis zabgawraensis Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger, 2014 [N], Western crested loach/-/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007 as P. malapterura) Schistura chrysicristinae Nalbant, 1998 [N], Batman crested loach/-/batman River, Tigris River Basin. (Fricke et al. Seminemacheilus ispartensis Erk akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007 [E], Southern pond loach/-/isparta Creek, Isparta. (Erk akan et al. Seminemacheilus lendlii (Hankó, 1925) [E], Anatolian loach/çöpçü balığı/anatolian Black Sea watersheds and central Anatolia. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Banarescu & Nalbant, 1964 [N], Kosswig s loach/çöpçü balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Kuru 2004) Turcinoemacheilus minimus Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Özulug, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014 [N], Ceyhan loach/-/upper Göksu River, Ceyhan River Basin. (Esmaeili et al. 2014a) Order CHARACIFORMES Family SERRASALMIDAE Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 [I], Red piranha/pirana/reported from Sakarya Lake. Probably an aquarium released species. (Tarkan 2006) Order SILURIFORMES Family BAGRIDAE Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) [N], Tigris mystus/mezopotamya kedi balığı/euphrates and Tigris river basins. Family SILURIDAE Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 [N], Wels catfish/yayın balığı/black Sea watersheds, translocated into some parts of Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 [N], Tigris catfish/- /Euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Family SISORIDAE Subfamily GLYPTOSTERNINAE Glyptothorax armeniacus (Berg, 1918) [N], Armenian mountain cat/iğneli küçük yayın balığı/eastern and southeastern Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Glyptothorax cous (Linnaeus, 1766) [N], Tigris cat/- /Euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Coad 2015). Apparently the same as Arius cous Hyrtl, 1859. Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg, 1931) [N], Iran cat/vantuzlu yayın balığı/ Euphrates and Tigris river basins. Glyptothorax steindachneri (Pietschmann, 1913) [N], Steindachner s cat/-/euphrates and Tigris river basins. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Coad 2015) Family CLARIIDAE Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 [N], North African catfish/karabalık, sekiz bıyık/southern Anatolia and translocated some other parts of Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Family HETEROPNEUSTIDAE Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) [I], Stinging catfish/- /Reported from Tigris River (Ünlü et al. 2011). Family LORICARIIDAE Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991) [I], Vermiculated sailfin catfish/-/reported from Orontes River. (Yalçın Özdilek. Order ESOCIFORMES Family ESOCIDAE Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 [N], Northern pike/turna balığı/black Sea and central Anatolian lake watersheds and introduced widespread to Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Order SALMONIFORMES Family SALMONIDAE Subfamily COREGONINAE Coregonus macrophthalmus Nüsslin, 1882 [I], Gangfisch/- /Introduced to Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık

150 Coregonus wartmani (Bloch, 1784) [I], Blaufelchen/- /Introduced to Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004 as C. lavaretus) Stenodus leucichthys (Güldenstädt, 1772) [ExT], Sheefish/- /Kura-Aras River Basin. (Fricke et al. Subfamily SALMONINAE Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) [I], Rainbow trout/gökkuşağı alabalığı/main culture fish in freshwater both rives and dams, introduced to all parts of Anatolia. Salmo abanticus Tortonese, 1954 [E], -/Abant alası/abant Lake, introduced to Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004) Salmo caspius Kessler, 1877 [N], Caspian trout/hazar alası/kura-aras River Basin. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Salmo chilo Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [E], Chilo trout/- /Upper Ceyhan River Basin (Turan et al. 2012b). Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 [E], Coruh trout/-/eastern Anatolia Black Sea watersheds (Turan et al. 2010). Salmo euphrataeus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 [E], Euphrates trout/-/northeastern tributaries of Euphrates River (Turan et al. 2014b). Salmo kottelati Turan, Doğan, Kaya & Kanyılmaz, 2014 [E], Antalya trout/-/alakır Stream, Antalya. (Turan et al. 2014c) Salmo labecula Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [E], Seyhan trout/-/seyhan River drainage. (Turan et al. 2012b) Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814 [N], Black Sea salmon/alabalık, denizalası/black Sea and adjacent watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Salmo okumusi Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 [E], Okumus trout/-/western tributaries of Euphrates River. (Turan et al. 2014b) Salmo opimus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [E], Opimus trout/-/ceyhan River tributaries and Alara Stream, Antalya. (Turan et al. 2012b) Salmo platycephalus Behnke, 1968 [E], Flathead trout/zamantı alası/upper part of Seyhan River Basin. Salmo rizeensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 [E], Rize trout/-/eastern Anatolia Black Sea watersheds. (Turan et al. 2010) Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 [I], Atlantic salmon/somon/-. Introduced for salmon farming in Black Sea, not established in wild. (Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Innal & Erk akan 2006) Salmo tigridis Turan, Kottelat & Bektaş, 2011 [E], Tigris trout/-/upper tributaries of Tigris River Basin. (Turan et al. 2011) Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 [I], Brown trout/alabalık/introduced in Sea of Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) [I], Arctic char/- /Introduced to Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Tarkan et al. 2015) Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) [I], American brook E. Çiçek et al. trout/kaynak alabalığı/introduced to Black Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Tarkan et al. 2015) Order ATHERINIFORMES Family ATHERINIDAE Subfamily ATHERININAE Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 [N], Big-scale sand smelt/gümüş balığı/all coasts of Anatolian brackish waters, widespread to lakes some parts of Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758 [N], Mediterranean sand smelt/çamuka balığı/all coasts of Anatolian brackish waters, marginally entering freshwater habitats. (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Fricke et al. 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014) Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES Family POECILIIDAE Subfamily POECILIINAE Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 [I], Holbrook s mosquitofish/sivrisinek balığı/introduced and widespread into Anatolia to provide biological control for mosquitoes. Family CYPRINODONTIDAE Subfamily CYPRINODONTINAE Aphanius anatoliae (Leidenfrost, 1912) [E], Anatolian giant killifish/dişli sazancık balığı/lakes and wetlands in western and central Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Aphanius meridionalis Akşiray, 1948 from Sögüt Lake has been treated as a junior synonym of this species by authors. Aphanius asquamatus (Sözer, 1942) [N], Scaleless killifish/dişli sazancık balığı/eastern Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Aphanius danfordii (Boulenger, 1890) [E], Danford s killifish/dişli sazancık/wetlands in central Anatolia. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821) [N], Mediterranean banded killifish/dişli sazancık/sea of Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean Sea watersheds. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Aphanius fontinalis Akşiray, 1948 [E], Burdur killifish/dişli sazancık/yarışlı and Burdur Lakes, Burdur. (Pfleiderer et al. 2014) Aphanius icoii Akşiray, 1948 [E], Konya killifish/dişli sazancık/konya province, Central Anatolia. (Pfleiderer et al. 2014) Aphanius maeandricus Akşiray, 1948 [E], Maeander killifish/-/springs near source of Büyük Menderes River, southwestern Anatolia. (Pfleiderer et al. 2014) Aphanius marassantensis Pfleiderer, Geiger & Herder, 2014 [E], Kızılırmak killifish/-/kızılırmak River Basin. (Pfleiderer et al. 2014) Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843) [N], Pearl-spotted killifish/dişli sazancık balığı/orontes, Seyhan and Ceyhan river basins. (Geldiay & Balık 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. Aphanius saldae Akşiray, 1955 [E], Salda killifish/dişli sazancık/salda Lake, Burdur. (Pfleiderer et al. 2014) Aphanius splendens (Kosswig & Sözer, 1945) [E], Splendid killifish/-/lake Gölçük, central Anatolia. (Parenti 2002) Aphanius sureyanus (Neu, 1937) [E], Sureyan killifish/dişli sazancık/burdur Lake, central Anatolia. (Kuru 2004, Fricke