Electricity Generated From Coal. Coal Based Generation: in 2008: 41% in 2030: 44%

Transkript

1 Electricity Generated From Coal Billion kwh WORLD 1973: 6118 Billion kwh 2008: Billion kwh 2030: Billion kwh Coal Gas Nuclear Hydro Oil Bio and Waste Geothermal Wind/Solar Coal Based Generation: in 2008: 41% in 2030: 44% 1

2 Types of Coal Lignite is the lowest rank of coal with the lowest energy content. Lignite contains percent carbon. Lignites tend to be relatively young coal deposits that were not subjected to extreme heat or pressure. Lignite is crumbly and has high moisture content. About eight percent of the coal produced in the United States is lignite, and most of it comes from Texas and North Dakota. Lignite is mainly burned at power plants to generate electricity. Subbituminous coal has a higher heating value than lignite. Subbituminous coal typically contains percent carbon. Over 40 percent of the coal produced in the United States is subbituminous. Bituminous coal contains percent carbon, and has two to three times the heating value of lignite. It is the most abundant rank of coal found in the United States, accounting for about half of U.S. coal production. Anthracite contains percent carbon and its heating value is slightly lower than bituminous coal. Anthracite is very rare in the United States. 2

3 World Coal Reserves (2006) 3

4 World Coal Reserves (Million Tons) Coutry Bituminous (including anthracite) Sub- bituminous Lignite TOTAL USA Russian Federation China India Australia Germany South Africa Ukraine Kazakhstan Poland Serbia, Montenegro Brazil Colombia Canada Czech Republic Indonesia Botswana Uzbekistan Turkey Greece Bulgaria Pakistan Iran (Islamic Rep.) United Kingdom

5 Coal Reserves (2007) Source: BP statistical_review_of_world_energy_report_2010 1toe (1 tonne of oil equivalent)=11.63mwh 5

6 Coal Production and Consumption ( ) Source: BP statistical_review_of_world_energy_report_2010 1toe (1 tonne of oil equivalent)=11.63mwh 6

7 Hard Coal Maritime Trade (2006) 7

8 Hard Coal Maritime Trade (2006) 8

9 Freight Rates for Hard Coal ( ) 9

10 World Hard Coal Consumption by Sector (1980 & 2006) 10

11 Startegy to Limit CO2 Emission from Coal-based Power Generation 11

12 12

13 13

14 Mechanisms of Price Formation for Steam Coal (2006) 14

15 Hard Coal Trade 15

16 Coal Exporting Countries: Australia 16

17 Coal Exporting Countries: Indonesia 17

18 Coal Exporting Countries: Russia 18

19 Coal Exporting Countries: South Africa 19

20 Coal Exporting Countries: China 20

21 Coal Exporting Countries: Colombia 21

22 Coal Exporting Countries: USA 22

23 Coal Exporting Countries: Venezuela 23

24 Coal Prices (US$/tonne)( ) Northwest Europe marker price US Central Appalachian coal spot price index Japan coking coal import cif price Japan steam coal import cif price US$/tonne Year Source: BP statistical_review_of_world_energy_report_ kcal/kg=6.96kWh/kg 24

25 25 Leading Coal Companies 25

26 25 Leading Coal Companies 26

27 27

28 Türkiye Coal Reserves 28

29 Türkiye Coal Reserve Heat Values >4000 kcal/kg; 0,84% kcal/kg; 5,16% <1000 kcal/kg; 3,18% kcal/kg; 24,50% kcal/kg; 66,32% 29

30 Operating Lignite Power Plant Locations Total 8597 MW But generates 35 Billion kwh instead of 65 Billion kwh 18 Mart Çan 320MW Orhaneli 210MW Seyitömer 600MW Çatalağzı 300MW Çayırhan 620MW Kangal 457MW Soma (A-B) 1034MW Yeniköy 430MW Kemerköy 630MW Yatağan 630MW Tunçbilek 429MW A-Elbistan A 1355MW A-Elbistan B 1440MW 30

31 Tendered Lignite Fields PROJE REZERV (Milyon Ton) KURULACAĞI BEYAN EDİLEN GÜÇ İŞLETİM ŞEKLİ İHALE YILI Çankırı-Orta SATIŞ 2005 Bolu-Göynük RÖDÖVANS 2006 AÇIKLAMA ÇALIK, SANTRAL İHALE AŞAMASINDA, İSTİMLAKLER BAŞLADI AKSA, 2X135 MW EPDK LİSANSI ALINDI İNŞAATA BAŞLANMADI Tekirdağ-Saray RÖDÖVANS 2006 BAŞAT ENERJİ, İNŞAATA BAŞLANMADI Bursa-Davutlar 39 0 RÖDÖVANS 2006 ÇALIK, ÇED ALAMADI TASFİYE Mihalıçcık-KİAŞ RÖDÖVANS 2007 SONDAJLAR DEVAM EDİYOR İNŞAATA BAŞLANMADI SİLOPİ (PARK-CEYTAŞ) RÖDÖVANS X135 MW 2009 İLK ÇEYREĞİNDE HİZMETE GİRECEK SİLOPİ (ÖZEL İDARE) RÖDÖVANS 2008 İNŞAATA BAŞLANMADI T O P L A M

32 Lignite Fields to be Tendered TKİ: İHALESİ PLANLANAN LİNYİT SAHALARI PROJE REZERV (Milyon Kcal/kg GÜÇ (MW) AÇIKLAMA Ton) m lerde, 4-69 m lik zonlarda ve KONYA - KARAPINAR Kcal/kg TRAKYA - ÇERKEZKÖY m lik zonlarda, 0,5-6 m kalınlıklarda ve Kcal/kg A-ELBİSTAN - MTA m kalınlıklarda ve Kcal/kg ADANA -TUFANBEYLİ İHALEYE HAZIR KONYA - İLGİN MANİSA - SOMA - EYNEZ KÜTAHYA - ÖMERLİ MANİSA - SOMA ADİYAMAN - GÖLBAŞI BİNGÖL - KARLIOVA TOPLAM A-Elbistan C Sektör A-Elbistan D Sektör A-Elbistan E Sektör Çayırhan 2. Saha TOPLAM m.derinliklerde 9-40 m. kalınlıklarda, kcal/kg tarihinde yapılan ihaleye katılım olmadığından, ihale iptal edilmiştir EÜAŞ: İHALESİ PLANLANAN LİNYİT SAHALARI m.derinliklerde, 5-50 m.kalınlıklarda ortalama 1200 kcal/kg TOPLAM

33 Afşin-Elbistan Ruhsat Alanı Tanır Belediyesi B Santralı A Santralı 4x360=1440MW 4x340=1360MW 2004 Test Üretim 2006 Geçici Kabul 2008 Kesin Kabul devam N C ve D sahasında 9500 kişi yaşıyor Design 17 Milyon Ton / Yıl 23 Milyon kcal/kg 70 km Taşıma Bandı Ağı (Birlik Makina) 0.7 Milyon Ton Stok Sahası Kül Satışı Yok 9 YTL/Ton PARK Enerji kcal/kg 7 YTL/Ton Satış 33

34 Afşin-Elbistan C and D Field Coal Data C SEKTÖRÜ Üst Örtü Dekapajı: m 3 Ara Dekapaj: m 3 Toplam Dekapaj: m 3 Kömür Reserv: Ton Toprak/Kömür: 1.85 m 3 /Ton Alan= m 2 Kömür Kalınlığı = 21.9m kg / 1270 kg/m 3 = m m 3 / = 21.9 m D SEKTÖRÜ Üst Örtü Dekapajı: m 3 Ara Dekapaj: m 3 Toplam Dekapaj: m 3 Kömür Reserv: Ton Toprak/Kömür: 2.77 m 3 /Ton Alan= m 2 Kömür Kalınlığı = 13.9m kg / 1270 kg/m 3 = m m 3 / = 13.9 m Afşin-Elbistan C Afşin-Elbistan D 900 kcal/kg kwh/kg verim kwh/kg ,713,000,000 kg 753,387,000, MW h/yıl ,120,000,000 kwh/yıl 9,120,000,000 23,548,914,349 kg/yıl 23,548,914, YIL 32 Hesaplamalarda Kömür Yoğunluğu 1270 kg/m 3 34

35 Afşin-Elbistan C and D Field Coal Data C-SEKTÖRÜ 325 Sondaj, 751 Milyon Ton Orijinal Kömürde Havada Kuru Kömürde Kuru Kömürde SU (%) KUL (%) UÇUCU MADDE (%) SABİT C (%) YANAR S (%) KÜLDE S (%) AID (Kcal/kg) D-SEKTÖRÜ 476 Sondaj, 753 Milyon Ton Orijinal Kömürde Havada Kuru Kömürde Kuru Kömürde SU (%) KUL (%) UÇUCU MADDE (%) SABİT C (%) YANAR S (%) KÜLDE S (%) AID (Kcal/kg)

36 Energy Prices at Afşin-Elbistan Privatization (It is not realized due to Goverment claim of high energy sale prices) cent/kwh Billion kwh Afşin-Elbistan C Royalty PARK Electricity cent/kwh Billion kwh Afşin-Elbistan C Royalty AKFEN Electricity cent/kwh Billion kwh Afşin-Elbistan D Royalty AKFEN Electricity

37 Türkiye is not reach in Coal SUGÖZÜ THERMAL PLANT %51 STEAG AG ve %49 OYAK 2 x 605 MW = 1210 MW $1.5 Billion investment ($1240/kW) 9 Billion kwh / yıl kcak/kg Sugözü Imported Coal Bituminous 6,000 Türkiye Local Lignite 1 2,000 Türkiye Local Lignite 2 1,100 Kömürde kül oranı Kömürde kükürt oranı kwh/kg