Electricity Generated From Coal Billion kwh 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 WORLD 1973: 6118 Billion kwh 2008: 20269 Billion kwh 2030: 33252 Billion kwh 4000 2000 0 Coal Gas Nuclear Hydro Oil Bio and Waste Geothermal Wind/Solar 1973 2343 740 202 1285 1511 0 37 0 2008 8263.14 4308.76 2730.82 3287.55 1111.29 267.04 64.61 235.97 2030 14596 6716 3458 4809 791 863 177 1842 Coal Based Generation: in 2008: 41% in 2030: 44% 1
Types of Coal Lignite is the lowest rank of coal with the lowest energy content. Lignite contains 25-35 percent carbon. Lignites tend to be relatively young coal deposits that were not subjected to extreme heat or pressure. Lignite is crumbly and has high moisture content. About eight percent of the coal produced in the United States is lignite, and most of it comes from Texas and North Dakota. Lignite is mainly burned at power plants to generate electricity. Subbituminous coal has a higher heating value than lignite. Subbituminous coal typically contains 35-45 percent carbon. Over 40 percent of the coal produced in the United States is subbituminous. Bituminous coal contains 45-86 percent carbon, and has two to three times the heating value of lignite. It is the most abundant rank of coal found in the United States, accounting for about half of U.S. coal production. Anthracite contains 86-97 percent carbon and its heating value is slightly lower than bituminous coal. Anthracite is very rare in the United States. 2
World Coal Reserves (2006) 3
World Coal Reserves (Million Tons) Coutry Bituminous (including anthracite) Sub- bituminous Lignite TOTAL USA 115.891 101.021 33.082 249.994 Russian Federation 49.088 97.472 10.450 157.010 China 62.200 33.700 18.600 114.500 India 82.396 2.000 84.396 Australia 42.550 1.840 37.700 82.090 Germany 23.000 43.000 66.000 South Africa 49.520 49.520 Ukraine 16.274 15.946 1.933 34.153 Kazakhstan 31.000 3.000 34.000 Poland 20.300 1.860 22.160 Serbia, Montenegro 64 1.460 14.732 16.256 Brazil 11.929 11.929 Colombia 6.267 381 6.648 Canada 3.471 871 2.236 6.578 Czech Republic 2.114 3.414 150 5.678 Indonesia 790 1.430 3.150 5.370 Botswana 4.300 4.300 Uzbekistan 1.000 3.000 4.000 Turkey 278 761 2.650 3.689 Greece 2.874 2.874 Bulgaria 13 233 2.465 2.711 Pakistan 2.265 2.265 Iran (Islamic Rep.) 1.710 1.710 United Kingdom 1.000 500 1.500 4
Coal Reserves (2007) Source: BP statistical_review_of_world_energy_report_2010 1toe (1 tonne of oil equivalent)=11.63mwh 5
Coal Production and Consumption (1999-2009) Source: BP statistical_review_of_world_energy_report_2010 1toe (1 tonne of oil equivalent)=11.63mwh 6
Hard Coal Maritime Trade (2006) 7
Hard Coal Maritime Trade (2006) 8
Freight Rates for Hard Coal (2002-2007) 9
World Hard Coal Consumption by Sector (1980 & 2006) 10
Startegy to Limit CO2 Emission from Coal-based Power Generation 11
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Mechanisms of Price Formation for Steam Coal (2006) 14
Hard Coal Trade 15
Coal Exporting Countries: Australia 16
Coal Exporting Countries: Indonesia 17
Coal Exporting Countries: Russia 18
Coal Exporting Countries: South Africa 19
Coal Exporting Countries: China 20
Coal Exporting Countries: Colombia 21
Coal Exporting Countries: USA 22
Coal Exporting Countries: Venezuela 23
Coal Prices (US$/tonne)(1990-2009) 200.00 180.00 160.00 Northwest Europe marker price US Central Appalachian coal spot price index Japan coking coal import cif price Japan steam coal import cif price 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 US$/tonne Year Source: BP statistical_review_of_world_energy_report_2010 6000kcal/kg=6.96kWh/kg 24
25 Leading Coal Companies 25
25 Leading Coal Companies 26
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Türkiye Coal Reserves 28
Türkiye Coal Reserve Heat Values >4000 kcal/kg; 0,84% 3001-4000 kcal/kg; 5,16% <1000 kcal/kg; 3,18% 2001-3000 kcal/kg; 24,50% 1000-2000 kcal/kg; 66,32% 29
Operating Lignite Power Plant Locations Total 8597 MW But generates 35 Billion kwh instead of 65 Billion kwh 18 Mart Çan 320MW Orhaneli 210MW Seyitömer 600MW Çatalağzı 300MW Çayırhan 620MW Kangal 457MW Soma (A-B) 1034MW Yeniköy 430MW Kemerköy 630MW Yatağan 630MW Tunçbilek 429MW A-Elbistan A 1355MW A-Elbistan B 1440MW 30
Tendered Lignite Fields PROJE REZERV (Milyon Ton) KURULACAĞI BEYAN EDİLEN GÜÇ İŞLETİM ŞEKLİ İHALE YILI Çankırı-Orta 51 170 SATIŞ 2005 Bolu-Göynük 39 270 RÖDÖVANS 2006 AÇIKLAMA ÇALIK, SANTRAL İHALE AŞAMASINDA, İSTİMLAKLER BAŞLADI AKSA, 2X135 MW EPDK LİSANSI ALINDI İNŞAATA BAŞLANMADI Tekirdağ-Saray 129 300 RÖDÖVANS 2006 BAŞAT ENERJİ, İNŞAATA BAŞLANMADI Bursa-Davutlar 39 0 RÖDÖVANS 2006 ÇALIK, ÇED ALAMADI TASFİYE Mihalıçcık-KİAŞ 41 270 RÖDÖVANS 2007 SONDAJLAR DEVAM EDİYOR İNŞAATA BAŞLANMADI SİLOPİ (PARK-CEYTAŞ) 30 405 RÖDÖVANS 2003 1X135 MW 2009 İLK ÇEYREĞİNDE HİZMETE GİRECEK SİLOPİ (ÖZEL İDARE) 22 135 RÖDÖVANS 2008 İNŞAATA BAŞLANMADI T O P L A M 299 1550 31
Lignite Fields to be Tendered TKİ: İHALESİ PLANLANAN LİNYİT SAHALARI PROJE REZERV (Milyon Kcal/kg GÜÇ (MW) AÇIKLAMA Ton) 80-350 m lerde, 4-69 m lik zonlarda ve 1000-2000 KONYA - KARAPINAR 550 1500 1000 Kcal/kg TRAKYA - ÇERKEZKÖY 498 1700 80-170 m lik zonlarda, 0,5-6 m kalınlıklarda ve 1000-1000 3500 Kcal/kg A-ELBİSTAN - MTA 420 1300 1000 13-33 m kalınlıklarda ve 1100-1450 Kcal/kg ADANA -TUFANBEYLİ 214 1290 600 İHALEYE HAZIR KONYA - İLGİN 152 2180 500 MANİSA - SOMA - EYNEZ 100 3150 600 KÜTAHYA - ÖMERLİ 100 300 MANİSA - SOMA 100 2940 600 ADİYAMAN - GÖLBAŞI 49 125 BİNGÖL - KARLIOVA 26 100 TOPLAM 2209 5825 A-Elbistan C Sektör 751 900 1200 A-Elbistan D Sektör 753 900 1200 A-Elbistan E Sektör 731 900 1200 Çayırhan 2. Saha 250 500 TOPLAM 2485 4100 650-1000 m.derinliklerde 9-40 m. kalınlıklarda, 3500-4000 kcal/kg 06.06.2006 tarihinde yapılan ihaleye katılım olmadığından, ihale iptal edilmiştir EÜAŞ: İHALESİ PLANLANAN LİNYİT SAHALARI 50-250 m.derinliklerde, 5-50 m.kalınlıklarda ortalama 1200 kcal/kg TOPLAM 4694 9925 32
Afşin-Elbistan Ruhsat Alanı Tanır Belediyesi B Santralı A Santralı 4x360=1440MW 4x340=1360MW 2004 Test Üretim 2006 Geçici Kabul 2008 Kesin Kabul devam N C ve D sahasında 9500 kişi yaşıyor Design 17 Milyon Ton / Yıl 23 Milyon Ton @ 2007 900 kcal/kg 70 km Taşıma Bandı Ağı (Birlik Makina) 0.7 Milyon Ton Stok Sahası Kül Satışı Yok 9 YTL/Ton PARK Enerji 750 1100 kcal/kg 7 YTL/Ton Satış 33
Afşin-Elbistan C and D Field Coal Data C SEKTÖRÜ Üst Örtü Dekapajı: 1 116 257 877 m 3 Ara Dekapaj: 273 971 594 m 3 Toplam Dekapaj: 1 390 299 471 m 3 Kömür Reserv: 751 713 000 Ton Toprak/Kömür: 1.85 m 3 /Ton Alan=27 000 000 m 2 Kömür Kalınlığı = 21.9m 751 713 000 000 kg / 1270 kg/m 3 =591 900 000 m 3 591 900 000 m 3 / 27 000 000 = 21.9 m D SEKTÖRÜ Üst Örtü Dekapajı: 1 920 050 924 m 3 Ara Dekapaj: 169 155 560 m 3 Toplam Dekapaj: 2 089 207 484 m 3 Kömür Reserv: 753 387 000 Ton Toprak/Kömür: 2.77 m 3 /Ton Alan=42 700 000 m 2 Kömür Kalınlığı = 13.9m 753 387 000 000 kg / 1270 kg/m 3 =593 218 110 m 3 593 218 110 m 3 / 42 700 000 = 13.9 m Afşin-Elbistan C Afşin-Elbistan D 900 kcal/kg 900 1.0467 kwh/kg 1.0467 0.37 verim 0.37 0.387279 kwh/kg 0.387279 751,713,000,000 kg 753,387,000,000 1200 MW 1200 7600 h/yıl 7600 9,120,000,000 kwh/yıl 9,120,000,000 23,548,914,349 kg/yıl 23,548,914,349 32 YIL 32 Hesaplamalarda Kömür Yoğunluğu 1270 kg/m 3 34
Afşin-Elbistan C and D Field Coal Data C-SEKTÖRÜ 325 Sondaj, 751 Milyon Ton Orijinal Kömürde Havada Kuru Kömürde Kuru Kömürde SU (%) 53.87 8.51 KUL (%) 19.69 37.48 40.64 UÇUCU MADDE (%) 19.01 39.12 SABİT C (%) 7.43 14.90 YANAR S (%) 0.99 2.04 KÜLDE S (%) 0.81 1.7 AID (Kcal/kg) 1114 2780 D-SEKTÖRÜ 476 Sondaj, 753 Milyon Ton Orijinal Kömürde Havada Kuru Kömürde Kuru Kömürde SU (%) 52.59 6.94 KUL (%) 19.12 37.12 39.79 UÇUCU MADDE (%) 20.21 39.99 SABİT C (%) 8.08 15.65 YANAR S (%) 1.21 2.39 KÜLDE S (%) 0.95 1.87 AID (Kcal/kg) 1206 2948 35
Energy Prices at Afşin-Elbistan Privatization (It is not realized due to Goverment claim of high energy sale prices) cent/kwh Billion kwh 6-15 16-19 21-24 25-30 Afşin-Elbistan C 6.832 Royalty 1.47 1.56 1.47 2.00 PARK 6-10 11-30 Electricity 14.70 16.50 cent/kwh Billion kwh 6-10 11-15 16-21 21-30 Afşin-Elbistan C 6.832 Royalty 1.60 1.70 1.80 2.00 AKFEN 6-10 11-15 16-20 Electricity 16.00 17.00 18.00 cent/kwh Billion kwh 6-10 11-15 16-21 21-30 Afşin-Elbistan D 6.832 Royalty 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 AKFEN 6-10 11-15 16-20 Electricity 17.00 18.00 19.00 36
Türkiye is not reach in Coal SUGÖZÜ THERMAL PLANT %51 STEAG AG ve %49 OYAK 2 x 605 MW = 1210 MW $1.5 Billion investment ($1240/kW) 9 Billion kwh / yıl kcak/kg Sugözü Imported Coal Bituminous 6,000 Türkiye Local Lignite 1 2,000 Türkiye Local Lignite 2 1,100 Kömürde kül oranı 10 28 20 Kömürde kükürt oranı 0.6 2.8 1.7 kwh/kg 2.79 0.93 0.51 37