Çizgiler ve anlamları

Transkript

1 Çizgiler ve anlamları Teknik çizimde farklı özelliklerde ve kalınlıklarda çizgiler kullanılır. Standartlarda tanımlanmış olan her bir çizgi tipinin kendine ait özel bir anlamı vardır. Bir teknik resim çiziminde gerçek (cisme ait) yüzey ve köşelerin çiziminde kullanılan ana çizgi ve gerçekte var olmayan ancak resmi açıklayıcı çizgiler yardımcı çizgiler olarak bulunur. 1

2 Kalın Sürekli çizgi Teknik resim çizimlerinde görünen kenarları ve parçaların dış çevresini ifade eder. Sürekli çizgilerin köşeleri keskin olmalıdır. Kalınlığı 0.5 mm Kalın Sürekli çizgi 2

3 İnce sürekli çizgi yardımcı çizgilerdir Keskin olmayan kenarlar, ölçüler için, kılavuz çizgiler için kullanılır 0.25 mm kalınlıkta Kesikli çizgiler Parçanın içinde bulunan boşlukları veya bakış yönünden görülemeyen çıkıntıların çiziminde kullanılan çizgi tipidir mm kalınlıkta 3

4 Hidden Lines You should follow at least three general practices when drawing hidden lines to help prevent confusion and to make the drawing easier to read. clearly show intersections using intersecting line segments clearly show corners, using intersecting line segments leave a noticeable gap between aligned continuous lines and hidden lines 8 4

5 Hidden Lines Hidden Lines Hidden lines are usually drawn in a different color that the one used for the continuous object lines. This practice helps distinguish the different types of lines and makes them easier to interpret. Use Trim Command 10 5

6 bir yayın ve çemberin merkezini, silindirin eksenlerini, koni veya dairesel kesite sahip parçaların simetri çizgisini temsil eder. Ayrıca parçanın yörüngesini ve hareket yolunu, taksimatını gösterir mm kalınlıktadır Eksen çizgisi 6

7 Centerlines You will draw the centerlines for the circle. Center lines for holes must be included in all views. A centermark and four lines extending beyond the four quadrant points are used to define the center point of a hole in its circular view. 14 7

8 Kalın eksen çizgisi Ek işlem gereken yerler için kullanılır 0.5 mm kalınlıktadır Çizgilerin çakışmasında öncelik 8

9 Different types of lines often align with each other within the same view. The rule is that continuous lines take precedence over hidden lines, and hidden lines take precedence over centerlines. If you show the short end segments were a centerline would extend, be sure to leave a gap. Line Precedence 17 Adjusting Linetype Scale The linetype scale determines the relative length of dashes in linetypes such as hidden and center lines. Setting a linetype scale ensures that the lines you draw are represented properly on the screen and when the drawing is plotted. Command : LTSCALE Enter new linetype scale factor <1.000> : 0.5 Regenerating model. Command : 18 9

10 AutoCAD de çizgiler Eksen çizgisi Sürekli çizgi Kesikli çizgi AutoCAD de çizgiler Çizgilerin bulunduğu tabaka adı Çizgi tipleri Çizgi kalınlıkları 10

11 Çizgilerin bulunduğu Çigilerin tabaka bulunduğu (layer) tabakalar (layer) Çizgi renkleri (ByLayer olmalı) Çizgi çeşitleri (ByLayer olmalı) Çizgi kalınlığı (ByLayer olmalı) 2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Points dx dy Delta from existing point Circle center Intersection two curves On a curve On a curve normal to point Intrersection of curve & surface 22 11

12 2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Lines Line Join two entities Tangent to two curves Distance Parallel to a line at distance Note : To return the starting point you may use Close (C) Perpendicular to line from point Tangent to arc at angle Horizontal, vertical or axis To remove the last step you may use Undo (U) Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Circles Radius Center & radius Center point & tangent curve Through three points Through two diametrical points R By radius & two points By point on circumference & center 24 12

13 2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Arcs Through three points By start point, line through end & center R By radius, start & end point given in sequence Point on arc, line trhrough start & line through end Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Ellipse P1 P3 P3 Ellipse P1 P2 P1 C P2 P2 P1 C P2 Rotation 0º Rotation 70º 26 13

14 2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Polygon R sides R Inscribed Circumscribed Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Polylines Start point Next point Arc endpoints PLINE width of 3 PLINE arc width of 3 PLINE start width of 10 end width 0 PLINE arc start width of 10 end width

15 2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Donut Trace Fill ON Fill OFF Solid 1 st pt 2 nd pt 1 st pt 2 nd pt 3 rd pt 4 th pt 3 rd pt 4 th pt 3 rd pt 4 th pt 4 th pt 3 rd pt Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Modification Commands scaling (scale) 2:1 translating (move) rotation (rotate) mirroring (mirror) duplicating (array) 30 15

16 2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Automatic Functions fillet chamfer cross-hatching (hatch) dimensioning Radius Fillet Chamfer text Typing text Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Management Functions display management (zoom) entity attributes linetypes Layering color 32 16

17 2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Editing Functions Selection stretching (stretch) Trim Extend b b a Undelate (Undo) a b a Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Managing Commands Save Quit End mins 34 17

18 2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Drawing Accuracy Function Keys Control Keys Help Ctrl B Snap On\Off Text window Coordinates On\Off Ctrl Ctrl Ctrl C D G Cancel Isoplane left\top\right Grid On\Off F7 Grid On\Off Ctrl O Ortho On\Off F8 F9 Ortho On\Off Snap On\Off Ctrl Ctrl Ctrl Q T X Print echo Tablet On\Off Delete keyboard errors Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Grid \ Snap The SNAP command restricts cursor crosshair movement to the snap increments F9 Ctrl B The GRID command sets the spacing between gird dots in both the X and Y axes F7 Ctrl G 36 18

19 2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Mouse Function Left button : select Middle button : pop-up menu Right button : enter (pop-up menu & enter) Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Ortho Mode Ortho, which stands for orthogonal, enables you to constrain lines to be drawn horizontally or vertically with respect to the current snap gird. Line remains horizontal or vertical as you move the cursor F8 Ctrl O Line follows the cursor movement at an angle Cursor 38 19

20 2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Object Snap Object snaps allow you to quickly pick exact locations on an object without having to be directly at the desired location. Endpoint Insert Midpoint Perpendicular Center Tangent Quadrant Nearest Intersection Node AutoSnap gives us a visual symbol. Apparent Intersect Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions Selecting Objects When editing a drawing it is necessary first to select the objects which are to be edited. Remove : to remove selected objects Add : adding the objects Undo : to cancel the selection Window Crossing Pointing Selects a single line Window Selects the circle Crossing Selects all40 20