Olympos Antik Kenti 2005 Y l Yüzey Araflt rmas Surveys at Ancient Olympos in 2005

Transkript

1 Olympos Antik Kenti 2005 Y l Yüzey Araflt rmas Surveys at Ancient Olympos in 2005 B. Yelda OLCAY UÇKAN Yalç n MERGEN Elif U URLU 2005 y l Olympos ören yeri çal flmalar Antalya Müzesi Müdürlü ü baflkanl nda Anadolu Üniversitesi nden Doç. Dr. B. Y. Olcay Uçkan, Dr. E. Uçkan, Ö r. Grv. E. U urlu, Arfl. Gör. Z. Demirel Gökalp, Arfl. Gör. M. Bursal, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi nden Ö r. Grv. Y. Mergen, Arkeolog O. Atvur, Harita Mühendisi A. Nadir Topograf, Anadolu Üniversitesi nden YL Ö rencileri G. Öztaflk n ve S. Evcim, Sanat tarihçileri A. Gümüflo lu, Z. Kaya, N. Kart, Grafik Tasar mc M. Cengiz in kat l m yla 15 A ustos-15 Eylül tarihleri aras nda gerçeklefltirilmifltir. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanl, Kültür Varl klar ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlü üne, maddi destek sa layan Anadolu Üniversitesi Araflt rma Fonuna, Suna- nan K raç Akdeniz Medeniyetlerini Araflt rma Enstitüsü ne (AKMED), VASCO Turizm A.fi. ye, VEGA Harita Mühendisli i ne, INTA Uydu Sistemleri ve Ekol Mimarl k a teflekkür ederiz. Olympos Antik Kenti Yüzey Araflt rmas kapsam nda 2005 y l yaz sezonunda arazide yürütülen çal flmalar kent içi çal flmalar n yan s ra Olympos kenti ile do rudan ba lant l oldu u düflünülen çevredeki yerleflimlerin incelenmesini de kapsamaktad r. Bu çal flman n amac, kentin yerleflim alan olarak çevresi ile birlikte de erlendirilmesi gereklili inden kaynaklanm flt r. Bu ba lamda Musa Da n n yamaçlar na yerlefltirilen Olympos antik kentinin korsanl k faaliyetlerinin sürdü ü dönemde yukar kent olarak da adland rabilece imiz, günümüzde de kal nt - lar izlenebilen Musa Da ndaki yerleflim incelenmifltir. Yan s ra savunma amac yla yerleflim gördü ü düflünülen Göktafl Kale ve efsanesi ile kenti do rudan ilgilendiren Yanartafl (Khimaira) da yüzey araflt rmas gerçeklefltirilmifltir. Olympos Antik Kenti nde geçti imiz y llardan bafllayarak devam eden ve 2005 yaz sezonunda da sürdürülmesi hedeflenen çal flmalardan ilki, kent içinde yer alan yap lar n tan mlanmas ve topografik kent plan üzerinde evrelerin saptanmas olmufltur. Bu çerçevede Olympos Antik Kenti nin çevredeki ça dafl yerleflim alanlar ile de ba lant s n sergileyecek flekilde topografik haritas tamamlanm fl ve arazi çal flmalar n n d fl nda, elde edilen The 2005 campaign of surveys at ancient Olympos under the direction of the Antalya Museum Directorate was conducted from August the 15 th through to September the 15 th. The team members were Assc. Prof. Dr. B. Y. Olcay Uçkan, Dr. E. Uçkan, lecturer E. U urlu, research assistants Z. Demirel Gökalp and M. Bursal of Anadolu University, Eskiflehir, lecturer Y. Mergen of Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, archaeologist O. Atvur, cartographer A. Nadir Topograf, master s students G. Öztaflk n and S. Evcim of Anadolu University, art historians A. Gümüflo lu, Z. Kaya, N. Kart and graphics designer M. Cengiz. We would like to express our thanks to the Directorate General of Museums and Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Research Fund of Anadolu University, the Suna & nan K raç Research Institute on Mediterranean Civilisations (AKMED), Vasco Tourism Inc., VEGA Cartography, INTA Satellite Systems and Ekol Architecture for their support. The 2005 expedition concerned not only urban surveys in the ancient city of Olympos but also entailed surveying the nearby settlements which are thought to be directly related to the city of Olympos. This arose from the need to evaluate the ancient city together with its environs. For this purpose, first the remains of the settlement on Musa Mountain, which can be called the Upper City during the period when piracy was at its peak, were surveyed. In addition the Göktafl Fortress, which is thought to have been settled for defensive purposes, and Yanartafl (Khimaira), which is directly connected with the city according to its legend, were also surveyed. In the ancient city of Olympos, the work began in previous years and covering the identification of the urban structures and their topographical mapping showing its phases continued, as had been planned. Within this framework, the topographical map of Olympos also showing its connections with neighbouring contemporaneous settlements was completed; the field work was supported by satellite images and the city plan was 125

2 YÜZEY ARAfiTIRMA RAPORLARI 1- Kuzey Kale / North Fortress 2- Do u Neropol ve Liman An tsal Mezarlar East Necropolis and Harbour Monumental Tombs 3- Ortaça Hamam / Medieval Bath 4- fiapel / Chapel 5- De irmen ve Su Kanal / Moulin and Water Channel 6- Lykiarkh' n Mezar / Lykiarch's Tomb 7- Mozaikli Yap / Building With Mosaics 8- A Alan / A Field 9- A Kilisesi / A Church 10- B Kilisesi / B Church 11- Tap nak / Temple 12- Kuzey Bat Yap Toplulu u / North-West Complex 13- Kuzey Nekropol / North Necropolis 14- Köprü / Bridge 15- Güney Nekropol / South Necropolis 16- Bat Nekropol / West Necropolis 17- Tiyatro / Theatre 18- Liman Yap lar Harbour Buildings 19- Büyük Hamam / Big Bath 20- Liman Bazilikas Harbour Basilica 21- Küçük Hamam / Small Bath 22- Güney Kale (Ceneviz Tepesi) South Fortress (Genouse hill) Plan 1 Topografik Kent Plan Plan 1 Plan of the cities topography uydu foto raflar ile de desteklenen topografik harita üzerine kent plan n n da aktar lmas yla topografik kent plan n tamamlanm flt r (Plan 1). Memleket koordinatlar esas al narak yap stoklar n n yay ld alanlar sektörler halinde belirlemek ve gelecekte yap lmas durumunda, kaz çal flmalar na sistematik zemin haz rlamak amac yla; 200x200 ve 10x10 m. lik grid sistemi için gerekli poligon ve a noktalar n n flebekesi oluflturulmufltur. Bütünüyle say sal ortama aktar lan kent plan n n ard ndan üç boyutlu topografik kent modelleme çal flmas na bafllanm flt r. Bu kapsamda arazide yap lar n rölöve çal flmalar na bafllanm fl ve digital foto raf makinas yard - m yla yap lara iliflkin veriler say sal ortama aktar lm flt r. Arazi d fl nda kaz evinde de sürdürülen çal flmalarla verilerin digital ortamdaki de erlendirilmesi yap lm flt r. Ayr ca, arazide elde edilen veriler do rultusunda kent içinde yer alan baz yap lar için üç boyutlu restitüsyon önerileri gelifltirilmifltir. Arazide elde edilen verilerin bilgisayar ortam nda canland r lmas çal flmas süreç olarak daha uzun süren bir ifllem oldu undan büro çal flmalar - na, arazi sonras k fl döneminde de devam edilmektedir. transferred onto the topographical map (Plan 1). Based on the country s coordinates, grid systems of 200x200 m. and 10x10 m. were prepared in order to facilitate future excavations. Following the transfer of the city plan entirely into digital format, the work for the 3-D topographical modelling of the city began. The relevés of the structures started to be prepared in the field and the data collected with a digital camera was also transferred to digital media. In the excavation house, the evaluation of the digital data collected continued. In addition, based on the data collected in the field, 3-D restitution proposals for some urban structures have been developed. As the computer-aided restitution takes longer, office work also continues during the winter months. Göktafl Fortress: To the east, passing over a bridge of the Ç ral road across a small tributary to the Ulup nar stream there is a fortress at an altitude of m. on a small hill (Fig. 1). 126

3 YÜZEY ARAfiTIRMA RAPORLARI Res. 1 Göktafl Kalesi, güneyden Fig. 1 Göktafl Fortress from the south Res. 2 Girifl kap s Fig. 2 Entrance gate Göktafl Kale: Ç ral ya inen yolun Ulup nar Çay na ulaflan küçük bir kolunun üzerinde yer alan köprüyü geçtikten sonra, do- uya do ru t rman ld nda ulafl lan, denizden yaklafl k m. yükseklikteki küçük bir tepe üzerinde bulunmaktad r (Res. 1). Önceki y llarda S. Aydal taraf ndan çizilen plan, yeniden kontrol edilmifl ve eksik kalan k s mlar tamamlanarak mekanlar n detayl tan mlar yap lm flt r. Do u yönündeki girifl k sm na ana-kayadan oyularak meydana getirilmifl merdivenlerle ulafl lmaktad r (Res. 2). Güneydo u duvar tamamen ana-kayay kullanarak oluflturulmufl, kayadaki boflluklar ise, moloz tafl ve harçla örülerek kapat lm flt r. Sa lam korunan merdivenler befl basamaktan oluflmaktad r. Girifl kap s oldukça sa lam kalm flt r. Üst lento kay pt r. Yan kuzey söve blo u düzgün kesilmifl, monolit blokla, güney söve kenar blo u ise, moloz tafl duvar örgüsü ile meydana getirilmifltir. Kalenin içinde kareye yak n dikdörtgen planl yedi mekan ile sur duvarlar n n kuzeybat s nda U planl bir mekan tespit edilmifltir. Kalede mekanlar n d fl nda, e imden dolay akarak çeflitli yerlere da lan seramik buluntular aras nda Roma Dönemi ile Erken Osmanl Dönemi ne ait seramikler a rl ktad r. Roma Dönemi ne ait seramikler, kireç ve mika katk l ; devetüyü, k rm z -sar ve kahverengi renk hamurlu günlük kullan m kaplar d r. Bunlar n yan s ra piflmifl topraktan objeye rastlanm flt r. Osmanl Dönemi ne ait seramikler s rl olup boyama ve s ralt tekniklerinde süslenmifl küçük parçalar bulunmufltur. Beyaz, yeflil ve fleffaf renkte s r kullan lan seramik hamurlar nda kireç ve mika katk lar kullan lm flt r. Beyaz renkte astar kullan - m n n yan s ra, astar kullan lmadan s rlanm fl örnekler Its plan, prepared by S. Aydal in past years, was doublechecked and the missing minor details were completed while detailed descriptions of the structures were also prepared. Rock-cut stairs lead to the entrance on the east (Fig. 2). The southeast wall is entirely cut from the bedrock and the missing parts were completed with rubble and mortar. The well-preserved stairs have five steps and the entrance is also quite intact, however the lintel is missing. The northern jamb is a well cut monolithic block and the southern jamb was built from rubble and mortar. Inside the fortress, seven rooms with an almost square, rectangular layout and also a U-shaped structure to the northeast of the fortifications were identified. Outside the rooms inside the fortress, potshards that had been dispersed due to the slope of the terrain included Roman period and Early Ottoman examples. The Roman potshards belong to wares of daily use with a buff, red-yellow and brown paste containing lime and mica. Also a baked clay object was found. The Ottoman potshards are small glazed fragments with painted or under-glaze painted decoration. The glaze is white or of a green transparent type and the pastes include lime and mica. There are examples glazed without any slip, while the slip to be seen is white. A broken stone pithos lid was also documented along with these ceramic finds. The first phase of this fortress is identified as dating from the Hellenistic period as was understood from the western fortification. From the ceramic finds, it is possible to claim that the fortress was in continuous use until the Ottoman period. The Göktafl fortress overlooks the area from Ç ral beach and the costal road on the east, to the Eren Tepesi to the west and southwest. It must have served as a watchtower from the Hellenistic period 127

4 de tespit edilmifltir. Seramik buluntularla birlikte tafltan ifllenerek yap lm fl bir pithos kapak tafl da k r k halde belgelenmifltir. Kale nin tespit edilen ilk evresi Helenistik Dönem e aittir ve bunlar bat sur duvar nda görülmektedir. Seramik buluntulara göre kalenin Osmanl Dönemi ne kadar kesintisiz olarak kullan ld söylenebilir. Göktafl n görüfl alan, do uda Ç ral kumsal ve sahilden gelen yola; bat ve güneybat da Eren Tepesi ne hakimdir. Helenistik Dönem den itibaren bir gözetleme kulesi ifllevi tafl m fl olmal d r. Kale nin etraf ndaki düzlük alan ve içinde tespit edilen ezgi tafl da buran n bir kule-çiftlik olabilece ine iflaret etmektedir. Yanartafl / Khimaira: YÜZEY ARAfiTIRMA RAPORLARI Yanartafl, Bellerophontes ve Khimaira n n öyküsünün geçti i yer olarak bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte Yanartafl ta Roma Dönemi nde Hephaistos a adanm fl tap na n kal nt lar yer almaktad r. Bugün tap na a ait baz ifllenmifl tafllar ve yaz tlar görülebilmektedir. lk tap nak Likya n n sönmeyen atefli olarak nitelenen ve metan gaz n n yeryüzüne ç kmas ile oluflan alevler etraf nda yap lm fl olmal d r. Bizans Dönemi nde olas l kla 6. yy. da Hephaistos Tap - na n n kuzeyine bir kilise infla edilmifltir. Üç nefli bazilikal planl kilisenin do u duvar bugün tamamen y k lm flt r. Bat nefin 5.50 m. bat s nda bafllayan çevre duvar olas l kla narteksi de içine alarak do u nef duvar ile birleflir. Kilise kuzey-bat, güney-do u do rultusundad r. Orta ve bat nef apsisleri içten yuvarlakt r (Res. 3). Do u apsisi ise di erlerinin aksine mazgal pencereli olarak yap lm flt r. Yap n n dikdörtgen bir nartekse sahip oldu- u düflünülmektedir. Naos dikdörtgendir. Bat ve do u onwards. The flat area surrounding the fortress and a grinding stone found here may suggest that this was a tower-farmhouse. Yanartafl / Chimera: Yanartafl is known as the site where the legend of Bellerophon and the Chimera took place. In addition, there are the remains of a Roman temple dedicated to Hephaistos at Yanartafl. Today, some worked stones and inscriptions are still visible at this site. The first temple must have been built around the flames of methane rising from the ground, known as the perpetual fire of Lycia. In the Byzantine period, possibly in the 6 th century, a church was built to the north of the Temple of Hephaistos. The eastern wall of this three-aisled basilica, which extends in a northwest-southeast direction, is today entirely in ruins. The encircling wall starts 5.50 m. west of the western aisle and possibly encircled the narthex and joined the eastern wall. The interior of the central nave and the western aisle both end in semicircles (Fig. 3). The eastern apse is built with a loophole window, different from the others. It is thought that this structure had a rectangular narthex. The naos is rectangular. The arched entranceways opening onto the western and eastern aisles were later blocked. On the western aisle wall are two small round-arched windows. The arcshaped masonry discernible on the partially standing apse of the western aisle suggests a low-arched vaulting here. Traces on the walls point to the fact that they were once entirely covered by frescoes (Fig. 4). Interlacing, quadrangles formed by intersecting diagonal lines, zigzags, and four-petal flowers are the motifs that were Res. 3 Yanartafl Kilisesi Fig. 3 View of the Yanartafl Church from the west Res. 4 Yanartafl Kilisesi, duvar resmi Fig. 4 The fresco on the wall of the Yanartafl Church 128

5 neflerine aç lan kemerli girifller sonradan örülerek kapat lm flt r. Bat nef duvar üzerinde yuvarlak kemerli iki küçük pencere yer al r. Bat nefin k smen ayakta olan apsisi üzerinde kalan yay biçimli örgüden bu k sm n bas k kemerli tonoz ile örtülü oldu u anlafl lmaktad r. Yap n n duvarlar nda görülebilen izlere göre iç duvarlar tamamen fresko ile bezenmifl olmal d r (Res. 4). Antrolak, biribirini kesen diagonal çizgilerin oluflturdu u dörtgenler, zikzaklar, dört yaprakl üreyen çiçekler s k kullan lan motiflerdir. Bunlar n d fl nda yap n n çeflitli bölümlerinde de farkl bitkisel ve geometrik motifler kullan lm flt r. Fresko süslemelerde de ikinci bir evre oldu u k smen dökülen freskolar n alt nda görülen ikinci kat s valardan ve kapat lan bat nef apsisinin arka bölümünde kalabilmifl olan figürlerden anlafl labilmektedir. Kilisede duvar örgüsü olarak moloz-tafl kullan lm flt r. Ana apsisin d fl duvar n n do usunda zemin seviyesinde olas l kla Antik Dönem tap na ndan devflirilmifl düzgün kesilmifl blok tafllardan duvar örgüsü görülmektedir. Yap da kiremit parçac klar, kireç ve taflç k katk l pembe renkte harç kullan lm flt r. Üç nefli kilisenin yaklafl k 35 m. kuzeyinde, kuzey-güney do rultusunda dikdörtgen planl bir flapel yer almaktad r. Kuzeyde içten ve d fltan yuvarlak apsisi vard r. Yap - n n bat duvar nda bulunan iki aç kl k sonradan örülerek kapat lm flt r. fiapelin do u duvar bugün k smen y k lm flt r. Apsis yar m dairesinin ayakta olan kuzey-do u bölümünde bir pencere aç kl görülmektedir. K smen y k k olan kuzey-bat bölümünde de benzer flekilde bir aç kl k olmas muhtemeldir. Yap n n girifli güneydendir. Girifl lentosu üzerinde Eski Yunanca bir yaz t yer almaktad r. fiapelde devflirme olarak lento iflleviyle kullan lan blokta, mparator Septimus Severus zaman nda infla edilmifl bir hamam yap s ndan bahsedilmektedir. Yap APPHIA isminde Olympos lu bir kad n taraf ndan adanm flt r. Musa Da : YÜZEY ARAfiTIRMA RAPORLARI Kentin topografyas için önem tafl yan Musa Da, Olympos un hemen güneyinde yer alan Sepet Da n n 568 m. yüksekli e ulaflmas yla bu ismi al r. Antik Ça da Olympos ile ba lant s n sa layan antik yollar ve patikalar, bat nekropolündeki Heroon un hemen yan ndan bafllar. Ancak bugün Musa Da na ulaflmak için Kavufluk Bo az n n yan ndaki patikadan güneye do ru t rmanmak gerekir. Çok dik olan Clidre (Çillidere) Vadisi ndeki antik yolu inifl için kullanmak daha uygundur. Adrasan Koyu taraf ndan da bu bölgeye ulaflmak mümkündür. Bu tepenin üzerindeki kal nt lar, tepenin do u taraf nda yer almaktad r. Yerleflimin etraf, özellikle Adrasan a bakan quite often employed here. In addition, other vegetal and geometric motifs were employed in various parts of the structure. It is clearly discernible that the fresco decoration had two phases as can be inferred from the parts exposed beneath the fallen plaster and from the figures preserved at the rear of the apse of the western aisle. The walls of the church were built from rubble stones. On the eastern lower part of the outer side of the main apse there are finely cut blocks, possibly gathered from the ancient temple and reused here. The mortar is pink in colour and contains brick particles and tiny stones mixed with the lime. About 35 m. north of the church is a rectangular chapel extending in a north-south direction (Fig. 5). The apse in the north is semicircular both inside and out. Two openings in the west wall were later blocked up with masonry. The eastern wall is partially in ruins. There is a window in the still-standing northeast part of the apse wall. It is highly likely that there was also a window in the partially standing northwest part. The entrance to the structure is on the south side and there is a Greek inscription on the lintel, which is a reused block. The inscription mentions a bathhouse built in the reign of the Emperor Septimius Severus. The structure was dedicated by an Olympian woman called APPHIA. Musa Mountain: The Sepet Mountain, important for the urban topography of Olympos, rises directly to the south of the city and reaching a height of 568 m. is named Musa Mountain. The ancient road and paths connecting Olympos with its environs began by the Heroon in the western necropolis. Today, to reach Musa Mountain it is necessary to climb up towards south from the path by the Kavufluk Bo az. The steep pathway in Clidre (modern Çillidere) valley is more suitable for descent. It is also possible to reach the area from the Adrasan cove. The ruins on Musa Mountain are found on the eastern side. The settlement is surrounded with walls and towers, in particular on the side overlooking Adrasan. It is possible to identify other examples of such Hellenistic period walls in the region. In the western part accessible from the Yaylac k area, there are burial chambers built from cut stone. Proceeding southeast from here, one reaches the urban remains, which are mostly built with isodomic and pseudo-isodomic masonry. In the centre of the remains is the agora measuring 60x80 m. (Fig. 6) and built from cut stones. The gates to the northwest and southeast open onto streets. On the west there are shops, on the east is a stoa and there is an 129

6 YÜZEY ARAfiTIRMA RAPORLARI exedra in the eastern corner. In the middle there are three deep conical cisterns cut into the bedrock. Civilian Byzantine Structure in the Southern Part of the City: Res. 5 Musa Da, Agora Fig. 5 The agora at Montain Musa k s mlarda sur duvarlar ve kuleler ile çevrilmifltir. Helenistik Dönem e tarihlendirilebilen sur duvarlar n n benzer örneklerini bölgede saptamak olas d r. Yaylac k Mevkii nden ulafl lan bat k s mda kesme tafllardan yap lm fl mezar odalar yer almaktad r. Buradan güneydo u yönüne gidildi inde kent kal nt lar na ulafl l r. Kal nt lar n ço u isodomik ve pseudo-isodomik teknikte örülmüfl duvarlara sahiptir. Kal nt lar n tam ortas nda yaklafl k 60 x 80 m. ölçülerindeki agora yer al r (Res. 5). Yap, kesme tafllardan infla edilmifltir. Kuzeybat ve güneydo u yönündeki kap lar caddelere aç lmaktad r. Bat yönünde dükkanlar, do u yönünde stoa, do u köflede ise bir eksedra vard r. Ortada ana kayaya oyulmufl, derin konik formlu üç adet sarn ç bulunmaktad r. Kentin Güney Bölümündeki Sivil Bizans Yap s : Bazilikan n yaklafl k 40 m. güneydo usundaki kareye yak n dikdörtgen planl yap n n girifli bat yönündedir. Masif duvarlar düzenli örgü moloz tafl tekni indedir ve kireç katk l gri renkli harç kullan lm flt r. Bat cephede 1, do u cephede 3, güney cephede 2 mazgal bulunmaktad r. ç mekanda bat duvardan itibaren izlenebilen bir duvar, yer yer ana kayayla birleflerek kuzeydo u yönüne do ru uzanmaktad r. Yap n n giriflinde bat yönünde kalan küçük dikdörtgen bir mekanla organik bir ba lant s vard r. Buran n girifli de güney yönündedir ve büyük mekan n girifl k sm yla köfle yapmaktad r. Mekan n güneybat köflesinde sokak taraf nda düzenli moloz tafl örgüyle yap lan yaklafl k cm. yüksekli inde olan bir payanda vard r. Binayla ba lant l olmaktan ziyade, sokak geniflli ini daraltmak için yap lm fl olmal d r. Güney taraf nda 3 kare ve dikdörtgen planl yap kompleksi bu mekana paralel ilerleyerek sokak dokusu About 40 m. southeast of the basilica there is a rectangular, almost square, structure with its entrance on the west side. The massive walls are built from regular courses of rubble and grey mortar containing lime. There is one loophole window on the west, three more on the east and two in the southern wall. Inside there is a wall starting from the western wall and stretching toward the northeast, joining the bedrock in places. This wall has an organic connection to the small rectangular room to the west of the entrance. The entrance to this small room is also on the south and at an angle with the entrance of the main hall. On the street side of the southwest corner of the room there is a buttress rising to a height of cm. and built from regular courses of rubble. This would have been built in order to make the street narrower rather than being related to the structure. A complex of three square and rectangular rooms that extend parallel to this structure, form a street between them. The surface finds in this area date to the Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods. Storehouse: The storehouse is located to the east of the Byzantine shops and to the west of the vaulted Byzantine structure, comprising two rooms with niches, in the southeast part of the city. Extending on the same axis as the street where the Byzantine shops open, this structure has two entrances on the north wall. The upper parts of the Res. 6 Musa Da, Antrepo Fig. 6 Warehouse at Montain Musa 130

7 oluflturulmufltur. Etraf ndaki yüzey buluntular Geç Roma ve Erken Bizans Dönemi ne aittir. Antrepo: Kentin güneydo u kesiminde iki odal, niflli, tonozlu Bizans yap s n n bat s nda ve Bizans dükkanlar n n do usunda bulunmaktad r (Res. 6). Girifl k sm kuzeydedir. Bizans dükkanlar n n aç ld sokakla ayn akstad r. Kuzey cephe üzerinde iki kap s vard r. Birinci kap n n yan-üst bloklar ve lento blo u devrilmifltir. Di er kap sa lamd r. Duvar örgüsü pseudoisodomik tekniktedir. Girifl k sm nda yaz t vard r. Kap lentosuna ait olan baz bloklar ise ön taraf na düflmüfltür. Toplam 11 yaz tl blok seçilmektedir. fiapel: YÜZEY ARAfiTIRMA RAPORLARI Kentin güney-bat kesiminde, agoran n güneyindedir. Kesme-tafl ve kabayonu kesme-taflla infla edilmifltir. Tek giriflli, apsisi d fltan ve içten yar m dairedir. çindeki y k nt lar n aras nda baluster ve sütun parçalar vard r. Kaçak kaz larla aç lan bemada in situ konumdaki bir sütun parças ve di er parçalar, bir baldaken olabilece ini düflündürmektedir. Apsisi d fltan çevreleyen ve apsisle aras nda bir koridor oluflturan ikinci bir apsis bulunmaktad r. Bu apsisin yap ile iliflkisi yap ya bitiflmedi i için anlafl lamamaktad r. Üzerinde çok az boya izleri görülmektedir. fiapelin önünde yerden hafifçe yükseltilmifl kare bir platform içine aç lm fl bir kuyu bulunur. fiapelin güney-bat duvar üzerinde olas l kla daha önceki araflt rmac lar taraf ndan toplanm fl mimari plastik parçalar görülmektedir ki bunlar n üslup özellikleri, motifler ve ifllenifl biçimi göz önünde bulundurularak baluster parçalar n n Orta Bizans Dönemi ne ait olmalar muhtemeldir. Çevrede da n k durumda duran bir tafl nabilir altar altl, ritüel amaçl tafl obje ve silindirik formlu bir tafl obje daha mevcuttur. Strabon un, Zeniketes in Olympos Da ndaki kalesinden söz ederken kulland Tüm Likya, Pamphylia ve Milyas görülebilmektedir ifadesi, yerleflimin görüfl ve hakimiyet alan na son derece uygun düflmektedir. Musa Da ndaki yerleflim, elimizdeki bilgilere göre de erlendirildi inde, Helenistik Dönem de Olympos ile ba lant l olarak kabul edilebilir. Öte yandan, afla daki Olympos da buran n liman olarak kullan lm fl olmal d r. Korsan Zeniketes in yenilgisinin ard ndan Olymposlular n yavafl yavafl liman yerleflimine tafl nd, ama yukar kentin hiçbir zaman terk edilmedi i düflünülmektedir. jambs and the lintel of the first doorway have fallen down while the second doorway remains intact. The masonry employed is pseudo-isodomic. There is an inscription on the entranceway and a total of 11 blocks bearing the inscription can be seen. The Chapel: Located to the south of the agora, in the southwest part of the city there is a chapel built from fine and coarse cut stones. It has a single doorway and its apse is semicircular both inside and out. Among the debris inside are fragments of balustrades and columns. A column fragment in situ located at the bema, which was exposed through illegal looting excavations, suggests the former presence of a baldachin here. There is a second apse encircling the former and forming a corridor between them. The relation of the second apse with the structure is not clear as it does not connect to it. There are a few traces of paint on the second apse. In front of the chapel there is a well, set in a square-shaped platform, slightly raised from the ground. On the southwest wall of the chapel there are pieces of architectural sculpture, possibly gathered here by previous researchers; the styles, motifs and rendering of these fragments indicate a date probably in the Middle Byzantine period. Scattered about there is a portable altar base, a stone object for ritual purposes and another cylindrical stone object. Describing the fortress of Zeniketes on Olympos Mountain, Strabo states, all of Lycia, Pamphylia and Milyas can be seen from here, and this phrase perfectly fits the area dominated by this settlement. Based upon the available information, this settlement on Musa Mountain can be considered to have been connected to Olympos during the Hellenistic period. On the other hand, the lower Olympos should have functioned as the harbour for this settlement. It is thought that the Olympians moved gradually down to the harbour area, following the defeat of Zeniketes, but this upper settlement was never entirely abandoned. 131