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Transkript

1 T.C. '2.8=(</h/h1ø9(56ø7(6ø 626<$/%ø/ø0/(5(167ø7h6h )(/6()(YH'ø1%ø/ø0/(5ø$1$%ø/ø0'$/, <h.6(./ø6$167(=ø ø/.gö5(7ø0'ø1.h/7h5h9($+/æ.%ø/*ø6ø'(56/(5ø1'( %ø5<g17(02/$5$.'5$0$1,1.8//$1,0, Yusuf CEYLAN 'DQÕúPDQ Yard. Doç. Dr. Veli ÖZTÜRK ø=0ø5

2 <(0ø10(71ø < NVHN /LVDQV 7H]L RODUDN VXQGX XP ³øON UHWLP 'LQ. OW U YH $KOkN %LOJLVL 'HUVOHULQGH %LU < QWHP 2ODUDN 'UDPDQÕQ.XOODQÕPÕ DGOÕ odoõúpdqõq WDUDIÕPGDQELOLPVHODKODNYHJHOHQHNOHUHD\NÕUÕG úhfhnelu\dugõpdedúyxupdnvõ]õq \D]ÕOGÕ ÕQÕ YH \DUDUODQGÕ ÕP HVHUOHULQ ELEOL\RJUDI\DGD J VWHULOHQOHUGHQ ROXúWX XQX EXQODUDDWÕI\DSÕODUDN\DUDUODQÕOPÕúROGX XQXEHOLUWLUYHEXQXRQXUXPODGR UXODUÕP.../.../... Yusuf CEYLAN I

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4 ÖZET Yüksek Lisans øon UHWLP'LQ. OW U YH$KOkN%LOJLVL'HUVOHULQGH%LU< QWHP2ODUDN 'UDPDQÕQ.XOODQÕPÕ Yusuf CEYLAN Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü )HOVHIHYH'LQ%LOLPOHUL$QDELOLP'DOÕ Drama, bir konunun ROD\ÕQ ILNULQ R\XQODúWÕUÕODUDN FDQODQGÕUPDVÕQD GD\DQDQ ELU UHWLP \ QWHPLGLU 'UDPD HWNLQOLNOHUL UHQFLOHULQ GR UXGDQ \DúDQWÕVÕQD GD\DOÕ ROGX X LoLQ EX \ QWHPOH UHQFLOHU \DSDUDN YH \DúD\DUDN UHQPHIÕUVDWÕ\DNDODUODU<DúDQWÕVDO UHQPH UHQPHQLQNROD\YHNDOÕFÕKDOH JHOPHVLQGH QHPOLUROR\QDU'UDPD UHQFLOHULQ\DUDWÕFÕYHHOHúWLUHOG ú QPH \HWHQHNOHULQLQ JHOLúPHVLQGH NDUDU YHUPH SUREOHP o ]PH YH HWNLOL LOHWLúLP beceriohulqlqnd]dqõopdvõqgdhwnlolelu UHQPH\ROXGXU %X odoõúpdqõq DPDFÕ øon UHWLP 'LQ. OW U YH $KOkN %LOJLVL GHUVOHULQGH GUDPD \ QWHPLQLQ HWNLOL YH YHULPOL ELU úhnlogh QDVÕO NXOODQÕODELOHFH LQL WHVSLW HWPHNWLU øon UHWLP 'LQ. OW U YH $KOkN %LOJLVL dervohulqghgudpd \ QWHPLQLQ NXOODQÕOPDVÕ\OD UHQPH]HYNOL KDOH JHOHFHN YH GHUV V UHVLQFH UHQFLOHULQ PRWLYDV\RQODUÕ YH GLNNDWOHUL \ NVHN G ]H\GH NDODFDNWÕU 'UDPD \ QWHPLQLQ 'LQ. OW U YH $KOkN %LOJLVL GHUVOHULQGH NXOODQÕOPDVÕ UHQFLOHULQ \HWHQHNOHULQLQ ELU E W Q RODUDN JHOLúLPLQGH YH øon UHWLP'LQ. OW U YH$KOkN%LOJLVLSURJUDPÕQGDD ÕUOÕNOÕRODUDN\HUDODQ GX\XúVDODPDoODUÕQJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLQGH QHPOLELULúOHYJ UHFHNWLU Anahtar Kelimeler: 1), Drama, 2) Drama Yöntemi, 3) Oyun, 4) øon UHWLP Din Kültürü ve Ahlâk Bilgisi Dersleri, 5)'X\XúVDO$ODQ III

5 ABSTRACT Master Thesis 7KH8VH2I'UDPD$V$0HWKRGøQ7KH&RXUVHV2I5HOLJLRXV&XOWXUH And Ethics At The Primary Schools Yusuf CEYLAN Dokuz Eylul University Institute Of Social Sciences Department of Philosophy and Religious Drama is a teaching method based on the revival of a theme, an event or an idea by way of play. Since dramatic activities depend on merely experiences of students, this method ensures them to learn by doing and living. Experimential learning has a crucial role in making the learning easy and permanent. Drama is an effective way of learning in the development of creative and critical thinking ability in students; in getting the skills of decision making, problem solving and influental communication. The aim of the thesis is to establish how to use effectively and productively the method of drama in the courses of the Religious Culture and Ethics. With the use of the method of drama in the courses of Religious Culture and Ethics, learning, we believe, will become enjoyable and throughout the course, the extent of motivation and interest of students is to be high in degree. Where the method of drama is used in the courses of Religious Culture and Ethics, it has an important function as the development of the abilities of students integrally and the realization of affective objects involved in the program of Religious Culture and Ethics in primary schools. Key World: 1) Drama, 2) Drama Method, 3) Play, 4) Courses Of Religious Culture And Ethics At The Primary Schools, 5) Affective Domain IV

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7 ødø1'(.ø/(5 <(0ø10(71ø...I <h.6(./ø6$167(=6,1$9787$1$ö,... II ÖZET...III ABSTRACT...IV ÖNSÖZ... V ødø1'(.ø/(5...vi KISALTMALAR...ø *ø5øù 1. PROBLEM DURUMU 1.1. Problem...ii 1.2. Amaç...ix 1.3. Önem... x 1.4. Yöntem...xi 6ÕQÕUOÕOÕNODU...xi %ø5ø1&ø%g/h0 %ø5gö5(7ø0<g17(0øolarak DRAMA %ø5<g17(02/$5$.'5$0$1,17$5ø+d(6ø... 1 %$7,'$'5$0$1,17$5ø+d(6ø h5.ø<( '('5$0$1,17$5ø+d(6ø... 2 '5$0$<g17(0øø/(ø/*ø/ø7(0(/.$95$0/$ DRAMA TIPSAL DRAMA OYUN... 7 (öø76(/'5$0$... 9 '5$0$<g17(0ø1'(.8//$1,/$17(.1ø./( D'R DoODPD b) Pandomim c) Rol Oynama d) RRO'H LúWLUPH H=LKLQGH&DQODQGÕUPD Ig\N 2OD\&DQODQGÕUPD g) Kukla h) Parmak Oyunu '5$0$<g17(0ø1ø1<$5$5/$5, '5$0$<g17(0ø1ø16,1,5/,/,./$5, '5$0$<g17(0ø1ø(7.ø1.8//$1,0ødø15(+%(5ø/.(/( '5$0$<g17(0ø1ø18<*8/$0$$ù$0$/$5, '5$0$<g17(0ø1'('5$0$/ø'(5ø2/$5$.gö5(70( '5$0$<g17(0ø1'(.8//$1,/$1$5$d*(5(d9(0$7(5<$//( VI

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9 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ø/.gö5(7ø0'ø1.h/7h5h9($+/æ.%ø/*ø6ø'(56/(5ø1'(.8//$1,/$%ø/(&(.'5$0$<g17(0ø</('(56øù/(1øù g51(./(5ø 1. Dg5'h1&h6,1,)'(56øù/(1øùg51(öø %(ùø1&ø6,1,)'(56øù/(1øùg51(öø $/7,1&,6,1,)'(56øù/(1øùg51(öø <('ø1&ø6,1,)'(56øù/(1øùg51(öø (.ø=ø1&ø6,1,)'(56øù/(1øùg51(öø d9(g1(5ø/( KAYNAKÇA VIII

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12 ROXúWXUXODPDPDVÕQHGHQL\OH UHQHQLQ\DúDQWÕVÕQDGD\DOÕELUH LWLP- UHWLPGHQ\DQL \DSDUDN\DúD\DUDN UHQPHGHQX]DNODúÕOPÕúWÕU 4 $\UÕFD UHWLPIDDOL\HWOHULQLQ GR UXGDQ \DúDQWÕ\D GD\DOÕ ROPD\ÕúÕ orfx XQ GX\XúVDODODQLOHELOLúVHODODQÕQÕQELUELULQGHQD\UÕOPDVÕQDYHGROD\ÕVÕ\OD UHQPenin, salt ELOLúVHO \ROOD JHUoHNOHPHVLQH QHGHQ ROPDNWD J Q P ] H LWLPLQLQ DPDoODUÕ DUDVÕQGD LIDGH HGLOHQ E W QF O JHOLúPH\L \DQL ELOLúVHO GX\XúVDO YH GDYUDQÕúVDO KHGHIOHULQLQ ELU E W Q RODUDN JHUoHNOHúPHVLQL HQJHOOHPHNWHGLU Oysa H LWLPLQ hedefleri ancane W QF O UHQPH\ROX\ODJHUoHNOHúWLULOLU 5 %XWHNER\XWOX UHQPH UHWPHV UHFLQGHX\JXODQDQ UHWLP\ QWHPOHULQLQH LWLPVLVWHPLPL]LQDPDoODUÕQD X\JXQLVWHQHQGRQDQÕPDVDKLSELUH\OHU\HWLúWLUHPHPHVLQLQQHGHQOHULQGHQELULROGX X H LWLPFLOHU WDUDIÕQGDn ifade edilmektedir. 6 * Q P ]GH JHQoOHUGH J U OHQ H LWLP NXVXUODUÕQÕQ WHPHOLQGH E \ N Oo GH X\JXODQPDNWD RODQ H LWLP YH UHWLP \ QWHPOHULQLQ\DWWÕ ÕQÕG ú QHELOLUL] 7 <XNDUGD EHOLUWLOGL L JLEL UHQPHGH UHQFL \DúDQWÕODUÕQÕQ YH\D X\JXODQDQ yöntemlerlq QLWHOL L QHP DU] HWPHNWHGLU <DúDQWÕQÕQ ]D\ÕIOÕ Õ YH HWNLVL]OL L UHQPH\L GH ]D\ÕIODWPDNWDGÕU %X VHEHSOH \HQL H LWLP \DNODúÕPODUÕ WHN GX\X\D dayanan geleneksel anlatma yönteminin birçok VDNÕQFDODUÕQD LúDUHW HWPHNWHGLUOHU %XQD UD PHQ J Q P ]GH H LWLPLQ UHQFL PHUNH]OL ROPDVÕ JHUHNWL L ÕVUDUOD YXUJXODQPDNODELUOLNWHX\JXODPDGDKkOkNRQXYH\D UHWPHQPHUNH]OLELU\DNODúÕP sürdürülmektedir. 8 ( LWLP VLVWHPLPL]LQ U QOHUL NRQXVXQGD ELWPHN ELOPH\HQ úlnk\hwohu ROPDVÕQD UD PHQ UHWLPLQ ELOJL D ÕUOÕNOÕ YH geleneksel metotla V UG U OPHVLQGHÕVUDUHGLOPHNWHGLU 9 OysaRNXOODUGDNL UHWLPIDDOL\HWOHULoRFXNODUÕQ PHUDNODUÕQÕ UHQPH LVWHNOHULQL YH DUDúWÕUPD DU]XODUÕQÕ JHOLúWLUPH NRQXVXQGD \HWHUVL]NDOPDNWDGÕU 10 4 Selahattin Ertürk ( LWLPGH3URJUDP*HOLúWLUPH, ss øqfl6dq ³<DUDWÕFÕOÕ Õ *HOLúWLUHQ %LU < QWHPYH <DUDWÕFÕ %LUH\L<HWLúWLUHQ %LU 'LVLSOLQ( LWVHO <DUDWÕFÕ'UDPD Yeni Türkiye Dergisi, 1996, S. 7, s. 151; Alev Önder, <DúD\DUDNg UHQPH øolq ( LWLFL'UDPD (SVLORQ <D\ øvwdqexov1xuhwwlq )LGDQ 2NXOGD g UHQPH YH g UHWPH, s Yüksel Özden, g UHQPHYHg UHWPH, Pegema Yay., Ankara 2005, s &DYLW%LQEDúÕR OX$LOHGHYH2NXOGD( LWLP6RUXQODUÕ0(%<D\øVWDQEXOV 8 øokdq7hnhol( LWLPh]HULQH' ú QPHN, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yay., Ankara 2004, s HODKDWWLQ 3DUODGÕU ³$NWLI ( LWLPGH %LOLúVHO YH 'X\XúVDO hu QOHU,,, $NWLI ( LWLP.XUXOWD\.LWDEÕ(G(PLQ$OÕFÕ'RNX](\O O<D\ø]PLU ss Nurettin Fidan, 2NXOGDg UHQPHYHg UHWPH, ss iii

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14 WDQÕPD\DQELU UHWPHGXUXPXQXQV UG U OPHVLQH\RODoDU 16 Bunun sonucu olarak LQVDQODUÕQ GX\JXVDO \ Q LúOHQHPHPHNWHGLU 2\VD \DúDQWÕQÕQ GDKD \R XQ ROGX X \DSDUDN \DúD\DUDN JLEL UHQPH HWNLQOLNOHULQGH EH\QLQ VD \DUÕP N UHVL GH DNWLI duruma gelmekte vh EXQD ED OÕ RODUDN UHQPH ]HYNOL NROD\ YH NDOÕFÕ KDOH gelmektedir. 17 *HOHQHNVHO H LWLPH J Q P ]GH JHOLúPLú ELOJL UHWLPL YH ELOJLQLQ KÕ]OÕ \D\ÕOÕPÕGLNNDWHDOÕQDUDNHOHúWLUL\ QHOWLOPHNWHGLU%XQDJ UHGHoD ÕPÕ]ELOJLoD ÕGÕU YH WRSOXPODU DUWÕN ELOJL WRSOXPX ROPD odedvõ J VWHUPHNWHGLUOHU %LOLPVHO ELOJLQLQ UHWLPL NDGDU JHOLúHQ LOHWLúLP DUDoODUÕQD ED OÕ RODUDN \D\ÕOÕPÕ GD orn KÕ]OÕGÕU YH ELOJL\H NROD\FD XODúÕODELOPHNWHGLU 18 %X G Q ú P \HWLúWLULOPHN LVWHQHQ LQVDQGD DUDQDQ ]HOOLNOHUL GH IDUNOÕODúWÕUPÕúWÕU %LOJL\H XODúDELOHQ RQODUÕ \RUXPOD\DUDN NHQGLQH PDO HGLS NXOODQDELOHQ YH \HQL ELOJLOHU UHWHELOHQ DUDúWÕUDQ VRUJXOD\DQ SUREOHP o ]HQ \DUDWÕFÕ UHWNHQ KD\DW ER\X UHQPH\L DOÕúNDQOÕN KDOLQH JHWLUPLú LQVDQODUD LKWL\Do GX\XOPDNWDGÕU 19 Bu özelliklhuh VDKLS LQVDQODUÕQ GD JHOHQHNVHO UHWLP \ QWHPOHUL\OH \HWLúWLUPHVL P PN Q GH LOGLU 'L HU ELU LIDGH\OH od ÕQ JHUHNWLUGL L LQVDQ PRGHOL\OH LOJLOL ]HOOLNOHU EHOLUOHQVH ELOH JHOHQHNVHO \ QWHPOHUOH EXQLWHOLNOHULQND]DQGÕUÕOPDVÕLPNkQVÕ]GÕU. 20 <HQLH LWLPDQOD\ÕúÕQGDWHPHOKDUHNHWQRNWDVÕ UHQFLLKWL\DoODUÕGÕU*ODVVHU 0DVORZ XQWHPHOLKWL\DoODUÕQDHNRODUDNH OHQPHLKWL\DFÕQÕQGDH LWLPGH QHPOLURO R\QDGÕ ÕQÕEHOLUWPLúWLU 21 2\VDLON UHWLPGHGDKDR\XQoD ÕQGDNLoRFXNODUELUH\VHO LKWL\DoODUÕYH\HWHQHNOHULJ UPH]OLNWHQJHOLQHUHNNHQGLG Q\DVÕLOHELUoRNEDNÕPGDQ KLo LOJLVL ROPD\DQ ELOJL \Õ ÕQODUÕ LOH NDUúÕ NDUúÕ\D EÕUDNÕOPDNWDGÕU 22 $\UÕFD orfxnodud EX ELOJLOHULQ KD\DWWD QH LúOHULQH \DUD\DFD Õ QHUHGH YH QH QDVÕO NXOODQDFDNODUÕ GD UHWLOPHPHNWHGLU. 23 Hâlbuki H LWLP UHWLP V UHFLQGH NRQXODUÕQ 16 øokdq7hnhol ( LWLPh]HULQH' ú QPHN., s. 23; Yüksel Özden, g UHQPHYHg UHWPH, s Alp Boydak, /LGHUg UHWPHQ%H\D]<D\øVWDQEXOV Mehmet Okutan, *HQHO g UHWLP 0HWRGODUÕ, Trabzon 1997, s. 1 +DVDQ %DFDQOÕ 'X\XúVDO 'DYUDQÕúÕQ( LWLPL, Nobel Yay., Ankara 1999, s. øqfl6dq³6dqdwyh<dudwõfõoõn( LWLPL2ODUDN Tiyatro, <DUDWÕFÕ 'UDPD <D]ÕODU , (GW +gphu $GÕJ ]el), Naturel Yay., Ankara 2002, s =H\QHS.Õ]ÕOWHSHg UHWLúLP0HUWHNVøVWDQEXOV 20.DPLOHhQ$oÕNJ ]$NWLIg UHQPH, s Münire Erden, 6ÕQÕI< QHWLPL$ONÕP<D\øVWDQEXOV 22 1D]DQøEULúR OX³dD GDú( LWLPGHQ1H$QOÕ\Rruz dd GDú( LWLP&HP<D\øVWDQEXOV 23 Alev Önder, <DúD\DUDNg UHQPHøoLQ( LWLFL'UDPD, s. 65. v

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19 UHQFLOHULPL]GH JHOLúWLULOPHN LVWHQHQ GDYUDQÕúODUÕQ HWNLOL ELU úhnlogh ND]DQGÕUÕOPDVÕQDYHGLQH LWLPLQLQQLWHOLNEDNÕPÕQGDQJHOLúWLULOPHVLQHYHNDOLWHVLQLQ DUWÕUÕOPDVÕQDNDWNÕGDEXOXQPDNWÕU 1.3. Önem ( LWLP ELU V UHo RODUDN HOH DOÕQGÕ ÕQGD o ER\XWX NDUúÕPÕ]D oõnpdnwdgõu %XQODU DPDoODU UHWPH GXUXPODUÕ YH GH HUOHQGLUPHGLU 42 g UHWPH GXUXPODUÕ UHQPH \DúDQWÕODUÕQÕQ ROXúWXUXODUDN KHGHI GDYUDQÕúODUÕQ ND]DQÕOGÕ Õ V UHoWLU 43 Bu QHGHQOHDPDoODUÕQJHUoHNOHúPHVL UHWPH UHQPHV UHFLQGHROXúWXUXODFDNJHoHUOL UHQPHOHUH ED OÕGÕU 'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD H LWLP V UHFLQGH UHWPH GXUXPODUÕ GL HU ELU DGÕ\OD UHQPH UHWPHV UHFLPHUNH]LELU QHPHVDKLSWLU 44 g UHQPH UHWPH V UHFLQLQ HOHULQGHQ ELUL GH UHQFLOHUH KHGHI davrdqõúoduõq QDVÕO ND]DQGÕUÕODFD Õ KXVXVXQGD \RO J VWHUHQ UHWLP \ QWHPOHULGLU 45 'DYUDQÕúODUÕQ UHQFLOHUH QDVÕO ND]DQGÕUÕODFD Õ VRUXVX KHU ]DPDQ J QFHOOL LQL koruyan bir sorudur. 46 ( LWLPGH VLVWHP \DNODúÕPÕQD J UH \ QWHP NRQXVXQGD PH\GDQD JHOHFHN DNVDNOÕNODU H LWLP V UHFLQLQ E W Q Q HWNLOHPHNWHGLU 47 QHGHQOHVLVWHPLQXQVXUODUÕQGDQ\ QWHPNRQXVXLKPDOHGLOPHPHOLGLU Din dersi kendine has özellikleri nedeniyle çok yönlü bir derstir. Bu nedenle EX GHUVWH \ QWHPVHO ohúlwolol H JLGLOPHOLGLU 48 Bununla birlikte UHWPH V UHFLQGH \ QWHP ohúlwolol L VD ODQPDVÕ H LWLPFLOHU WDUDIÕQGDQ LIDGH HGLOPHNWHGLU 49 Hem din GHUVLQLQ GDKD YHULPOL LúOHQPHVL KHP GH UHQPH UHWPH V UHFLQGH \ QWHP ]HQJLQOL LQH GLQ GHUVOHULQGH IDUNOÕ \ QWHPOHULQ ]HOOLNOH GH HU H LWLPL EDNÕPÕQGDQ uygunndexohglohqgudpd\ QWHPLQLQX\JXODQPDVÕQÕJHUHNWLUPHNWHGLU Bu 42 Nurettin Fidan, Münire Erden, ( LWLPH*LULú$ONÕP<D\øVWDQEXOV 43 Selahattin Ertürk, ( LWLPGH3URJUDP*HOLúWLUPH, s. 15; Kamuran Çilenti, ( LWLP7HNQRORMLVLYH g UHWLPL, Gül Yay., Ankara 1997, s Yüksel Özden, g UHQPHg UHWPH, s Nurettin Fidan, 2NXOGDg UHQPHYHg UHWPH, s Nurettin Fidan- Münire Erden, ( LWLPH*LULú, s øeudklp<doõqg UHWLP7HNQRORMLOHULYH0DWHU\DO*HOLúWLUPH, Nobel Yay., Ankara 2002, s Mualla Selçuk, drfx XQ( LWLPLQGHDinî Motifler, s Özcan Demirel, g UHWPH6DQDWÕ, Pegema Yay., Ankara 2004, s. 72. x

20 1.4. Yöntem %X DUDúWÕUPDGD OLWHUDW U WDUDPDVÕQD GD\DQDQ EHWLPVHO \ QWHP NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU 50.RQX\ODLOJLOL\HUOLYH\DEDQFÕND\QDNODULQFHOHQHUHNJHQHOELUWHRULN ohuohyhroxúwxuxopxúyhexohuohyhghqkduhnhwohglq UHWLPLQGHGUDPD\ QWHPLQLQ HWNLOL ELU úhnlogh QDVÕO X\JXODQDFD Õ VRUXVXQD FHYDS DUDQPÕúWÕU %X GR UXOWXGD øon UHWLP'LQ. OW U YH$KOkN%LOJLVLGHUVLLoLQX\JXODPD UQHNOHULKD]ÕUODQPÕúWÕU 6ÕQÕUOÕOÕNODU %XoDOÕúPDGDGUDPDVDGHFHELU\ QWHPRODUDNHOHDOÕQDFDNYHGUDPDQÕQGL HU ER\XWODUÕQD GH LQLOPH\HFHNWLU $\UÕFD GUDPD \ QWHPL GLQ UHWLPLQLQ VDGHFH LON UHWLP DúDPDVÕ\OD VÕQÕUOÕ WXWXODFDNWÕU %X ohuohyhgh øon UHWLP 'LQ. OW U YH $KOkN%LOJLVLSURJUDPÕQGD\HUDODQNRQXODUGDQ UQHNLúOHQLúOHUHOHDOÕQDFDNWÕU 50 Niyazi Karasar, %LOLPVHO$UDúWÕUPD< QWHPOHUL, Nobel Yay., Ankara 2002, s xi

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26 ³'R DoODPD URO oynama vb. tiyatro ya da drama tekniklerinden \DUDUODQDUDNELUJUXSoDOÕúPDVÕLoLQGHELUH\OHULQELU\DúDQWÕ\ÕELUROD\ÕELU ILNULELUH LWLP QLWHVLQLNLPL]DPDQGDVR\XWELUNDYUDPÕ\DGDGDYUDQÕúÕ HVNLELOLúVHO U QW OHULQ \HQLGHQ G ]HQOHQPHVL \ROuyla ve gözlem, deneyim, GX\JX YH \DúDQWÕODUÕQ J ]GHQ JHoLULOGL L µr\xqvx V UHoOHUGH DQODPODQGÕUÕOPDVÕFDQODQGÕUPDVÕRODUDNWDQÕPODPDNWDGÕU 13 7DQÕPODUGDNL RUWDN \DQODUGDQ KDUHNHWOH GUDPDQÕQ ELU G ú QFH\L EHGHQ diliyle anlatma, içsel bir durumun, biu WDVDUÕPÕQ ELU G ú QFHQLQ H\OHPH G Q úw U OPHVL ELU GX\JX YH G ú QFHQLQ ELU JUXS WDUDIÕQGDQ \D GD ELUH\VHORODUDN R\XQODúWÕUPD\ROX\ODKDUHNHWPLPLNVHVYHV ]OHDQODWÕOPDVÕQDGD\DQDQELU\ QWHP úhnlogh WDQÕPODQGÕ Õ GD J U OPHNWHGLU 14 Yine kaynaklarda NXOODQÕODQ /LQGYDDJ YH 0RHQ WDUDIÕQGDQ \DSÕODQ WDQÕPD J UH GUDPD ]HO RODUDN G ]HQOHQHQ \DúDQWÕODUÕ VRPXW ELU úhnlogh KLVVHWPH \ROX LOH VRV\DOHYUHQVHO YH VR\XW NDYUDPODUÕQ WDULK HGHEL\DWJLELNRQXODUÕQFDQODQGÕUÕODUDNDQODPOÕKDOHJHWLULOGL L UHQLOGL LELUH LWLP yöntemidir. 15 %X WDQÕPODUGDQ KDUHNHWOH GUDPD\Õ KHUKDQJL ELU NDYUDPÕQ NRQXQXQ ROD\ÕQ YH\D GHUVLQ JUXS \D GD ELUH\ WDUDIÕQGDQ WHPVLO \ROX\OD R\XQODúWÕUDUDN FDQODQGÕUÕOGÕ ÕVRPXW\DúDQWÕODUDUDFÕOÕ\OD\DúDQÕUKDOHJHWLULOHUHNNDYUDQGÕ ÕV ]O YHV ]V ]LOHWLúLPHGD\DQDQELU UHWPH\ QWHPLRODUDNWDQÕPOD\DELOLUL] 'UDPD\ÕELU VWYHJHQHONDYUDPRODUDNNDEXOHGHUVHNEXNDYUDPÕQDOWÕQGD DúD ÕGDNLNDYUDPODUÕ oedúoõndowõqgdwdvqlihwphnp PN QG U DRAMA OYUN TIPSAL (öø76(/ YaraWÕFÕGUDPD Dramatik oyun Çocuk tiyatrosu Oyun Psikodrama Sosyodrama 'R DoODPD Rol oynama 5ROGH LúWLUPH Kukla Pandomim Parmak oyunu Öykü-olay FDQODQGÕUPD =LKLQGHFDQODQGÕUPD 13 øqfl 6DQ ³<DUDWÕFÕOÕ Õ *HOLúWLUHQ %LU < QWHP YH <DUDWÕFÕ %LUH\L <HWLúWLUHQ %LU 'LVLSOLQ ( LWVHO <DUDWÕFÕ'UDPD, Yeni Türkiye Dergisi, s Mahiye Morgül, ( LWLPGH <DUDWÕFÕ 'UDPD\D 0HUKDED, s. 12; Cahit Kavcar, guj Q ( LWLPGH Dramatizasyon, <DUDWÕFÕ 'UDPD <D]ÕODU (GW + gphu $GÕJ ]HO 1DWXUHO <D\ Ankara 2002, s Alev Önder, YDúD\DUDNg UHQPHNøoLQ( LWLFL'UDPD., s

27 2.2. TIPSAL DRAMA Psikodrama 3VLNRGUDPD KHP \HWLúNLQOHUGH KHP GH oocuklarda bir tedavi \ QWHPL RODUDN NXOODQÕODQ YH NLúLOHULQ NRUNXODUÕQÕ GX\JXODUÕQÕ ND\JÕODUÕQÕ WHPVLO \ROX\OD LIDGH HGHUHN LoJ U ND]DQPDODUÕ VD ODQPDVÕ VRQXFX VRUXQODUÕQGDQ NXUWXOPDODUÕQÕ DPDoOD\DQ ELU \ QWHPGLU 16 3VLNRGUDPDQÕQ ND\QD Õ - /HY\ Moreno QXQ GHQH\LP YH X\JXODPDODUÕGÕU %LU \ QWHP RODUDN GUDPDGD NDWÕOÕPFÕODU R\QDGÕNODUÕ UROOHU DUDFÕOÕ\OD UHQLUNHQ SVLNRGUDPD GD ELUH\VHO YH NLúLOHU DUDVÕ VRUXQODUÕQÕQo ] P KHGHIOHQPHNWHGLU 17 Sosyodrama:3VLNRGUDPDQÕQLOJLVLELUH\LNHQVRV\RGUDPDGDNRQX gruptur. Sosyodramada bir grubun sosyal problemleri dramatize edilerek incelenir, SUREOHPOHUH o ] P DUDQÕU.ÕVDFD KHP SVLNRGUDPD KHP GH VRV\RGUDPD GD DPDo WHGDYLGLU'UDPD\ QWHPLQGHLVHDPDo UHQPHNWLU 18 7ÕSDODQÕ\ODLOJLOLGUDPD\ÕELU\DQDEÕUDNÕUVDNHVDVD\ÕUÕPÕQR\XQYH H LWVHO GUDPDDUDVÕQGDROGX XQXV \OH\HELOLUL] 2.3. OYUN 2\XQOD LOJLOL ohúlwol WDQÕPODU \DSÕOPÕúWÕU 2\XQ JHQHO RODUDN HOH DOÕQGÕ ÕQGD orfxnoxn G QHPLQLQ WHPHO HWNLQOL L orfxn LoLQ UHQPH JHOLúPH YH \HWLúNLQOL H KD]ÕUODQPDDUDFÕGÕU 19 'UDPDQÕQN NHQLQGHGHR\XQYDUGÕU%DúNDELUGH\LúOHGUDPD \ QWHPL H LWLPGH R\XQXQ NXOODQÕPÕ\OD RUWD\D oõnpõúwõu $QFDN H LWLPGH GUDPD VDGHFHELUR\XQGH LOGLU2\XQYHH LWVHOGUDPDQÕQEHQ]HUOLNOHULYHIDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕúX úhnloghvõudod\delolriz. 16 Hasan Tan, 3VLNRORMLN 'DQÕúPD YH 5HKEHUOLN 0(% <D\ øvwdqexo V $\UÕFD 3VLNRGUDPDKDNNÕQGDJHQLúELOJLLoLQEDNÕQÕ]'HQL]$OWÕQD\Psikodrama, Grup Psikoterapisi El.LWDEÕ6LVWHP<D\øVWDQbul HULPDQ$UDOYHGL HUOHULDrama, s. 44; Alev Önder, <DúD\DUDNg UHQPHNøoLQ( LWLFL'UDPD., s 'HQL]$OWÕQD\3VLNRGUDPD*UXS3VLNRWHUDSLVL(O.LWDEÕ, s RUPD 5D]RQ ³<DUDWÕFÕOÕ Õ *HOLúWLULFL 2\XQOD ( LWLP <DUDWÕFÕ 7RSOXP <ROXQGD dd GDú ( LWLP&HP<D\ÕQHYLøVWDQEXO s

28 (öø76(/'5$0$ 'UDPD\ QWHPLELU UHQPHDUDFÕ olarak belirli bir konunun veya dersin KHGHIOHULQLQJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLLoLQ NXOODQÕOÕU Drama etkinlikleri bir lider WDUDIÕQGDQSODQOÕELUúHNLOGH düzenlenerek yürütülür. Dramada kurallar oyuna göre esnektir. Drama yönteminde sonuçtan ya da U QGHQ]L\DGH\DúDQDQV UHo QHPOLGLU Drama etkinliklerinde kaybetme, kazanma YH\DQOÕú\DSPDNRUNXVX\RNWXU Drama etkinlikleri sonunda UHQFLOHUWDUWÕúÕUODUYH GH HUOHQGLUPH\DSÕOÕU OYUN Oyunda böyle bir hedef yoktur. 2\XQoRFXNODUDUDVÕQGD NHQGLOL LQGHQEDúOD\DELOLU Oyunda belirli kurallar YDUGÕUYHEXNXUDOODUDR\XQD NDWÕODQODUX\PDN ]RUXQGDGÕUODU Bunun aksine, her oyunda sonuç önemlidir, ND\EHGHQYHND]DQDQYDUGÕU. Oyunda ise böyle bir durum söz koqxvxgh LOGLU2\XQ R\QDQÕUYHELWHU Hem oyunda hem de drama etkinliklerinde çocuklar dikkatlerini ve HQHUMLOHULQLHWNLQOLNOHUH\R XQELUúHNLOGH\ QOHQGLULUOHU Çocuklar drama etkinliklerini oyunrodudndojõoduoduglnndwohulqlyh enerjilerini etkinliklerde toplarlar. 20 'UDPDQÕQND\QDNODUGDIDUNOÕLVLPOHUOH\HUDOGÕ ÕQÕGDKD QFHEHOLUWPLúWLN%X LVLPOHULQ ED]HQ ELUELUOHULQLQ \HULQH GH NXOODQÕOGÕ Õ J U OPHNWHGLU %X QHGHQOH EX NDYUDPODUNÕVDFDWDQÕWÕODUDNDUDODUÕQGDNLIDUNODUHOHDOÕQDFDNWÕU <DUDWÕFÕ 'UDPD <DUDWÕFÕ GUDPD YH R\XQ \DSPD NDYUDPODUÕ ELUELUOHUL\OH GH LúWLULOHUHNGHNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU 21 <DUDWÕFÕGUDPDGDKDoRNoRFXNODUGD\DUDWÕFÕOÕ Õ JHOLúWLUPHN LoLQ NXOODQÕODQ GUDPD HWNLQOLNOHULQH YHULOHQ JHQHO ELU LVLPGLU %X HWNLQOLNOHUGH orfxnoduõq ELU úh\ UHQPHVL KHGHIOHQPH] GUDPD \ROX\OD orfxnoduõq 20 1$UDOYHGL HUOHULDrama, ss. 151-øQFL6DQ³6DQDWWD<DUDWÕFÕOÕN2\XQYH'UDPD, <DUDWÕFÕ 'UDPD <D]ÕODU (G + gphu$gõj ]HO 1DWXUHO <D\ $QNDUD V -151; F. 7H]HOùDhin, Oyun ve Drama, 2NXOgQFHVL( LWLPGH'UDPD, Kök Yay., Ankara 2003, ss ; $\UÕFDR\XQYHGUDPDLOLúNLVL\OHLOJLOLGDKDJHQLúELOJLLoLQEDNÕQÕ]+ gphu$gõj ]HOOyun ve <DUDWÕFÕ'UDPDøOLúNLVL$QNDUD$h6%(<D\ÕQODQPDPÕú\ NVHNOLsans tezi). 21 Neille McCaslin, &UHDWLYH'UDPDøQ7KH&ODVVURRP$QG%H\RQG, s. 8. 8

29 \DUDWÕFÕOÕN \HWHQHNOHULQLQ JHOLúWLULOPHVLDPDoODQÕU <DUDWÕFÕ 'UDPD DGÕQÕ :LQLIUHG :DUG0F&DVOLQJLEL$PHULND OÕGUDPDX]PDQODUÕQÕQWHUFLKHWWLNOHULJ U OPHNWHGLU 22 Dramatik Oyun: Dramatik oyun çocxnoduõq GR DVÕQGD YDU RODQ WDNOLW \HWHQH LQH ED OÕ RODUDN R\QDQÕU 'UDPDWLN R\XQ orfxnox XQ LON \ÕOODUÕQGD ELU orfx XQ GHQH\VHO RODUDN UHQPH \ROXGXU YH orfxn ohyuhvlql NHúIHWPHGH YH DQODPDGDEX\ROXNXOODQÕU 23 Genelde çocuklar bir araya geldiklerinde, eyfloln R\XQXQGD ROGX X JLEL R\XQDEDúODUODU%XR\XQLoLQ QFHGHQELUKD]ÕUOÕN\DSPD\DJHUHNGX\PD]ODU+HPHQ anne-eded YH\D ELU UHWPHQ URO QH JLUHUHN GDKD QFH ohyuhvlqghnl NLúLOHULQ GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ J ]OHPOHULQH ED OÕ RODUDN KD\DO J oohulql NXOODQDUDN rol yapmaya EDúODUODU % \OHFH KHP NHQGLOHULQL LIDGH HWPH EHFHULVL ND]DQÕUODU KHP GH LQVDQODU DUDVÕ LOLúNLOHUL UHQHUHN LOHULGH \HU DODFDNODUÕ \HWLúNLQ G Q\DVÕQD KD]ÕUODQPÕú olurlar. 24 %X \ Q \OH GUDPDWLN R\XQ GUDPD \ QWHPLQLQ WHPHOLQL ROXúWXUXU d QN GUDPD \ QWHPLQGH R\XQODúWÕUPD \D GD FDQODQGÕUPD orfxnoduõq GR DVÕQGD YDU RODQ GUDPDWLNR\XQXQELUW UGÕúDYXUXPXGXU Çocuk Tiyatrosu 3URIHV\RQHO \HWLúNLQOHU YH orfxnodu WDUDIÕQGDQ R\QDQÕU ø]oh\hq orfxnodugd H OHQPH YH VDQDW VHYJLVL ROXúWXUPD DPDFÕ J G O U ( LWLFL GUDPD orfxn WL\DWURVX GH LOGLU 25 Çocuk tiyatrosunda sahne ve kostüm önemlidir, GL\DORJODU H]EHUOHQLU drfxn WL\DWURVXQGD R\XQ VH\LUFLOHU LoLQ R\QDQÕU +HU úh\ghq QFHELU \ QWHPRODUDNNXOODQÕODQ H LWLFL GUDPDVH\LUFLOHU LoLQ R\QDQPD]JUXStaki KHUoRFXNGUDPDHWNLQOL LQHDNWLIRODUDNNDWÕOÕUYHNHQGLGR UXGDQ\DúDQWÕVÕ\ROXLOH UHQLU (öø76(/'5$0$ 'UDPDQÕQEXDGODNXOODQÕPÕøQJLOWHUH GH\D\JÕQGÕU'UDPDHWNLQOLNOHULH LWVHO ELUGH HUWDúÕUYHoRFX DIDUNOÕDODQODUGDNLNRQXODUÕQ retilmesinde bir araç olarak 22 Alev Önder, <DúD\DUDNg UHQPHøoLQ( LWLFL'UDPD, s Neille McCaslin, a.g.e., V 7 OLQ 6D ODP ( LWLPGH 'UDPD YH 7 UN drfxnoduõqõq 5LW HO 1LWHOLNOL2\XQODUÕQÕQ( LWLPGH'UDPGD.XOODQÕPÕ, s HULPDQ$UDOYHGL HUOHULDrama, s øqfl 6DQ ³( LWLP-g UHWLPGH <DúD\DUDN g UHQPH < QWHPL YH (VWHWLN 6 UHo 2ODUDN <DUDWÕFÕ Drama, <DUDWÕFÕ 'UDPD <D]ÕODU (G + gphu $GÕJ ]HO Naturel Yay., Ankara 2002, s Alev Önder, <DúD\DUDNg UHQPHNøoLQ( LWLFL'UDPD., s. 30; Aysun Gürol, 2NXO QFHVL( LWLP g UHWPHQOHUL LOH 2NXO QFHVL g UHWPHQ $GD\ODUÕQÕQ 'UDPD\D øolúnlq.hqglohulql <HWHUOL Bulma Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi, s